Negative self-perception of smile associated with malocclusions among Brazilian adolescents.

This study estimated the prevalence of negative self-perception of smile because of occlusion abnormalities and investigated their association according to standard clinical criteria. The sample consisted of 1290 randomly selected Brazilian adolescent boys and girls aged 12-16 years. The outcome of interest was dissatisfaction with smile, and data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Occlusion characteristics were assessed using the dental aesthetic index (DAI). The other study variables were gender, age, and use of dental services. A chi-square test and Poisson multiple regression were used for statistical analysis. Of the 1290 students interviewed and examined, 539 (41.8 per cent) were dissatisfied with their smile; of these, 373 (69.2 per cent) assigned their dissatisfaction to the presence of an occlusal abnormality, and 166 (30.8 per cent) reported reasons other than occlusal abnormalities for their negative self-perception of their smile. In multivariate analysis, the following variables were associated with the outcome of interest: maxillary anterior irregularity [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.40; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-1.80], incisal spacing (PR = 1.37; 95 per cent CI = 1.19-1.57), vertical open bite (PR = 1.34; 95 per cent CI = 1.15-1.55), mandibular anterior irregularity (PR = 1.29; 95 per cent CI = 1.14-1.46), permanent anterior teeth missing (PR = 1.21; 95 per cent CI = 1.05-1.39), and incisal diastema (PR = 1.14; 95 per cent CI = 1.01-1.31). The negative self-perception of smile was statistically associated with severity of occlusal disorders according to the DAI scores, which suggests that self-perception should be used together with standard clinical criteria when decisions about orthodontic treatments are made in public health care systems.

Anxiety and fear of dental treatment among users of public health services.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present investigation was to determine the degree of anxiety and fear in patients treated at the dental school clinics of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brazil) regarding the different types of treatment offered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was made up of 400 patients from both genders over 18 years of age treated between July and October 2007. Data collection was carried out through the administration of validated questionnaires by a calibrated researcher. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Gatchel's Scale were used to evaluate the degree of anxiety and fear among the patients. RESULTS: There was a 23.0% prevalence of dental anxiety; 9.5% were very anxious, 13.5% were anxious and 77.0% were not anxious. Women were more anxious than men (20.7% and 11.3%, respectively, P = 0.995). The age group that exhibited the highest prevalence of anxiety was 30 to 39 years (29.3%). Regarding fear, 13.5% felt extreme fear; 30.5% felt moderate fear and 56% felt no fear. Schooling was the only significant socioeconomic factor for both anxiety and fear. In the association between fear and anxiety, 38.9% of the patients with extreme fear were classified as very anxious. CONCLUSION: The majority of individuals were classified as non-anxious and without fear regarding dental procedures.

Non-surgical treatment of gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine: a case report on an elderly patient.

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a significant problem for periodontologists and this side effect is frequently associated with three particular drugs: phenytoin, cyclosporin A and nifedipine. A case report of gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine in an elderly patient treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy is described. A 75-year-old male with generalised gingival overgrowth reported the problem of oral malodour and significant gingival bleeding. The medical history revealed a controlled hypertensive state and Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) 3 years prior to consultation. The diagnosis was gingival overgrowth associated with nifedipine, no other risk factors being identified. The patient had been taking nifedipine for 18 months, but after the consultation with the patient's doctor, nifedipine was suspended, as the hypertension was controlled. Treatment consisted of meticulous oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root surface instrumentation and prophylaxis. Six months after the first intervention, clinical parameters revealed a significant improvement with a considerable reduction in gingival overgrowth, demonstrating the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy in severe cases of gingival overgrowth. Non-surgical treatment of DIGO is a far less invasive technique than surgical approaches and has demonstrated an impressively positive treatment response. It should therefore be considered as a first treatment option for DIGO.

Profile of periodontal conditions in a Brazilian adult population.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the periodontal condition of adult patients attending public health centres in the city of Recife, Brazil, and to investigate whether periodontal conditions are associated with socioeconomic and demographic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 13 randomly selected public health centres. Sample size was calculated using 5.0% standard error and a confidence interval of 95%. The minimum sample size was 461 subjects, and a total of 505 subjects participated in this study. Each participant completed a questionnaire and underwent periodontal examination. Periodontal conditions were based on the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Bivariate analysis of frequencies and means was performed with SPSS, version 11.0. The chi-square and likelihood ratio statistical tests were used to calculate the level of statistical significance of the associations tested. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Calculus was the highest CPI score in 61.8% of the subjects, and shallow pockets (4-5 mm) were the highest score in 15.2% of them. A healthy periodontium was observed in 10.7%, while gingival bleeding and deep pockets (> or = 6 mm) were found as the highest CPI score in 10.3% and 2.0% of the sample, respectively. Periodontal conditions showed significant association with the socioeconomic and demographic variables analysed (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate a high prevalence of periodontal alterations in the sample. Periodontal conditions were worse in men, married individuals, older subjects and individuals with low socioeconomic class and poor education.

Primary reason for tooth extraction in a Brazilian adult population.

PURPOSE: To identify the primary reasons for tooth extraction in a Brazilian adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Interviews and oral examinations were conducted with 466 subjects aged from 18-76 years in the city of Maceió, Brazil. Frequency distributions, means and medians were calculated and the chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the variables associated with reasons for tooth extraction. RESULTS: Of the 466 extractions, 295 (63.3%) were due to dental caries, 61 (13.1%) due to periodontal disease, 56 (12.0%) for orthodontic reasons, 32 (6.9%) at the patient's request, 15 (3.2%) for pre-prosthetic reasons, four (0.9%) due to pericoronitis, two (0.4%) due to trauma and one (0.2%) for other reasons. Tooth extraction due to caries and other causes (excluding periodontal disease) shows a significant association with family income, toothache, type of health centre (public or private), educational level (P < 0.001) and marital status (P = 0.002). The logistic regression model has shown that patients undergoing treatment at a public health centre, those suffering from toothache or with an incomplete secondary education were more likely to lose their teeth due to caries, with educational level as the strongest indicator. For tooth extraction due to periodontal disease and other causes (excluding dental caries) the variables age, family income, type of health centre, tooth types (anterior or posterior), educational level (P < 0.001) and toothache (P = 0.006) were statistically significant, and age was the only associated variable in the logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: Dental caries was the main cause of tooth extraction in the study group, following tooth extraction due to periodontal disease.

[Self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements, Pernambuco State, Brazil]. / Autoavaliação da saúde bucal e fatores associados entre adultos em áreas de assentamento rural, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.

The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of negative self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements. The probabilistic sample consisted of 557 adults 20 to 59 years of age in rural settlements in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The dependent variable was self-rated oral health, with the following independent variables: demographic characteristics, predisposition and availability of resources, oral health-related behavior, objective oral health conditions, and subjective oral health conditions. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Prevalence of negative self-rated oral health was 70.5%. Negative self-rated oral health was associated with younger age, lower schooling, female gender, and black or brown skin color. Predictors of negative self-rated oral health included skin color, self-defined need for dental care, and the impact of oral health problems on quality of life.

[Factors associated with tooth loss among adults in rural areas in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil]. / Fatores associados às perdas dentárias entre adultos em áreas rurais do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.

The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tooth loss and associated factors among Brazilian adults aged 20 to 59 years in rural areas in the state Pernambuco, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 568 participants. The number of lost teeth (d" 12 and > 12) was the outcome investigated. The independent variables were as follows: sociodemographic characteristics, subjective oral health conditions, impact of oral health on quality of life using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and the use of dental services. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. The prevalence of subjects with at least one tooth lost was 91.4%. Tooth loss was strongly associated with age group, self-perceived oral health and oral health impact on quality of life. The high prevalence of tooth loss among Brazilian adults in rural areas shows a need for a reorientation of public dental services aimed at this population group.

Correlation between clinical and radiographic findings on the occurrence of furcation involvement in patients with periodontitis.

UNLABELLED: Aim : The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of furcation involvement in the molars of patients with chronic periodontitis and correlate clinical and radiographic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy subjects aged 35-69 years enrolled for treatment at a periodontics specialization program in Pernambuco, Brazil (EAP-SCDP-ABO/PE) participated in the study, comprising a total of 350 molars examined. The clinical diagnosis of furcation involvement was performed with a horizontal Nabers probe, whereas the radiographic examination was performed with periapical and bite-wing radiographs. The images were analyzed with an X-ray viewer at 3× magnification. The Chi-square test was used, with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: A total of 64.5% individuals presented with furcation involvement, 43.1% of whom had degree II furcation. A significant association (P = 0.0060) was found between tooth type and frequency of furcation involvement. The first lower and upper molars were affected in 64.5 and 58.5% of cases, respectively. Adequate agreement (0.65) was observed between the clinical and radiographic findings. CONCLUSION: Taking into consideration the method employed and the results obtained, it may be concluded that the clinical and radiographic examinations performed are effective tools for diagnosing furcation involvement in teeth affected with periodontal disease.

Impact of periodontal disease on quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of periodontal disease on quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) 14, simplified version. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a convenience sample of 401 patients of both sexes aged 19 to 71 years. After diagnoses of periodontal condition, the patients voluntarily completed a form to collect the OHIP-14, as well as socioeconomic and demographic data. RESULTS: Chronic periodontitis was the most prevalent, affecting 227 patients (56.7%). With regard to the impact of periodontal disease on quality of life, functional limitation was the predominant item, affecting 91.5% of the sample. The patients with aggressive periodontitis achieved the highest impact scores. The highest scores on the OHIP-14 index were those of patients with a diagnosis of chronic or aggressive periodontitis. OHIP-14 scores were associated with sex, age, and income (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Functional limitation was the most affected dimension, and impact was significantly associated with age, income, and a diagnosis of periodontal disease.

EFEITO DE REPOSITORES HIDROELETROLÍTICOS SOBRE A MICRODUREZA DE RESINAS COMPOSTAS / Effect on hydroeletrolitc reposition microhardness of composite resins

Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de repositores hidroeletrolíticos sobre a microdureza de resinas compostas. Materiais e Método: Por meio de um estudo in vitro, foram confeccionados dezesseis espécimes de resina composta, das marcas Rok®, Herculite Classic®, Filtek TM P-60® e EstelitΣ®, na cor B2, com dimensões de 5 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de altura. Os espécimes foram obtidos através de incrementos de 2mm e fotopolimerização final por 20s. Os espécimes foram expostos à ação de três respositores hidroeletrolíticos comerciais, Marathon Sport®, Taeq Esporte® e Gatorade® (sabor uva), e a saliva artificial num período de três semanas. Previamnete foram mensurados o pH endógeno de cada bebida, através do pH - metro digital. Realizou-se a análise de microdureza Vickers das resinas a cada semana de exposição. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferêncial teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: As maracas comerciais de resinas compostas apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativas nos valores de microdureza após 1, 2 ou 3 semanas. Conclusão: Os repositores hidroeletrolíticos exerceram influência sobre a microdureza das resinas compostas.

Aim: To investigate the effect of electrolyte replacers on the microhardness of composite resins. Materials and Methods: Using an in vitro study, sixteen specimens were fabricated composite resin brands Rok ®, Herculite ® Classic, Filtek TM P-60 ® and ® EstelitΣ, color B2, with dimensions of 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. The specimens were obtained in increments of 2 mm and final curing for 20s. The specimens were exposed to the action of three different hydroelectrolyte respositores, Marathon ® Sport, Sport Taeq ® and Gatorade ® (grape flavor), artificial saliva and within three weeks. Previamnete we measured the endogenous pH of each beverage by pH - meter type. Analysis was performed Vickers microhardness of resins each week exposure. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The commercial maracas composites showed statistically significant difference in hardness values after 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Conclusion: The electrolyte replacers had an influence on the microhardness of resins.

Fatores associados as perdas dentarias entre adultos em areas rurais do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Factors associated with tooth loss among adults in rural areas in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de perdas dentárias e fatores associados em adultos de 20 a 59 anos de idade em áreas rurais do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra aleatória de 568 indivíduos. O número de perdas dentárias (< 12 e > 12) foi o desfecho investigado. As variáveis independentes foram: características sociodemográficas, condições subjetivas relacionadas à saúde bucal, impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida através do Oral Health Impact Profile na sua versão reduzida (OHIP-14) e utilização de serviços odontológicos. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada através de regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de pelo menos uma perda dentária entre os indivíduos da amostra foi de 91,4%. Perdas dentárias foram fortemente associadas à faixa etária, à autopercepção da saúde bucal e ao impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. A alta prevalência de perdas dentárias em adultos em áreas rurais confirma a necessidade de haver uma reorientação dos serviços públicos odontológicos voltados para esse contingente populacional.

The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tooth loss and associated factors among Brazilian adults aged 20 to 59 years in rural areas in the state Pernambuco, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 568 participants. The number of lost teeth (d" 12 and > 12) was the outcome investigated. The independent variables were as follows: sociodemographic characteristics, subjective oral health conditions, impact of oral health on quality of life using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and the use of dental services. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. The prevalence of subjects with at least one tooth lost was 91.4%. Tooth loss was strongly associated with age group, self-perceived oral health and oral health impact on quality of life. The high prevalence of tooth loss among Brazilian adults in rural areas shows a need for a reorientation of public dental services aimed at this population group.

Autoavaliação da saúde bucal e fatores associados entre adultos em áreas de assentamento rural, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements, Pernambuco State, Brazil / Autoevaluación de la salud bucal y factores asociados entre adultos en áreas de asentamiento rural, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de autoavaliação negativa de saúde bucal e fatores associados entre adultos em áreas de assentamento rural. A amostra probabilística consistiu de 557 adultos entre 20 a 59 anos em áreas de assentamento rural no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A variável dependente foi autoavaliação da condição de saúde bucal e as independentes foram: características demográficas, de predisposição/disponibilidade de recursos, comportamentos relacionados à saúde bucal, condições objetivas e subjetivas relacionadas à saúde bucal. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada por meio de regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de autopercepção negativa da saúde bucal foi de 70,5%. A autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal foi mais prevalente em indivíduos mais jovens, de baixa escolaridade, entre as mulheres, e entre os de cor preta e parda. Os preditores da autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal foram a cor da pele, a necessidade autorreferida de tratamento odontológico e o impacto das condições de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida.

The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of negative self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements. The probabilistic sample consisted of 557 adults 20 to 59 years of age in rural settlements in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The dependent variable was self-rated oral health, with the following independent variables: demographic characteristics, predisposition and availability of resources, oral health-related behavior, objective oral health conditions, and subjective oral health conditions. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Prevalence of negative self-rated oral health was 70.5%. Negative self-rated oral health was associated with younger age, lower schooling, female gender, and black or brown skin color. Predictors of negative self-rated oral health included skin color, self-defined need for dental care, and the impact of oral health problems on quality of life.

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de autoevaluación negativa de salud bucal y factores asociados entre adultos en áreas de asentamiento rural. La muestra probabilística consistió en 557 adultos entre 20 a 59 años en áreas de asentamiento rural en el estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. La variable dependiente fue la autoevaluación de la condición de salud bucal y las independientes fueron: características demográficas, de predisposición/disponibilidad de recursos, comportamientos relacionados con la salud bucal, condiciones objetivas y subjetivas relacionadas con la salud bucal. Fueron estimadas las razones de prevalencia bruta y ajustada por medio de la regresión de Poisson. La prevalencia de autopercepción negativa de la salud bucal fue de un 70,5%. La autoevaluación negativa de la salud bucal fue más prevalente en individuos más jóvenes, de baja escolaridad, entre las mujeres, y entre los afrobrasileños y mestizos/mulatos. Los predictores de la autoevaluación negativa de la salud bucal fueron el color de la piel, la necesidad autorreferida de tratamiento odontológico y el impacto de las condiciones de salud bucal en la calidad de vida.

[Influence of social class on clinical reasons for tooth loss]. / Influência da classe social nas razões clínicas das perdas dentárias.

In order to determine the influence of social class on clinical reasons for tooth loss in Maceió, the Alagoas State capital in Northeast Brazil, a cross-sectional study was conducted of 466 adults whose ages ranged from 18 to 76 years. Socioeconomic and demographic data were collected through a questionnaire. Clinical examinations determined the reason for extracting teeth, recording the DMF-T of all patients, who were divided into social classes on the basis of the data gathered from the questionnaire: 54.1% of the subjects were female with a mean age of 33.73 +/- 13.68 years; 369 (79.2%) of them had not completed their secondary education and 385 (82.6%) had family incomes no more than four times the official minimum wage (mean 3.4 +/- 5.4). The main reason for the loss of permanent teeth was caries. The patients presented an average of 16.59 +/- 6.96 decayed, lost or filled teeth and most of them (219 - 47%) had a DMF-T of 11 to 20 teeth. A statistically significant difference was noted between reasons for tooth loss and social class (P<0.001), leading to the conclusion that social class significantly influenced clinical reasons for tooth loss.

Conduta multidisciplinar iatrogênica: relato de caso / Iatrogenic conduct multidisciplinary: case report

A evolução da odontologia é fato comprovado, principalmente com suas especialidades cada vez mais mostrando evidência científica ou plausibilidade biológica de seus achados diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Na maioria dos casos a condução de um tratamento é multidisciplinar e deve ser conduzido obedecendo aos princípios básicos da técnica e da biologia de cada procedimento, afim de não comprometer os tecidos envolvidos. apesar de todo crescimento científico, infelizmente, ainda se encontra na clínica odontológica comportamentos inadequados que tem levado a danos irreversíveis, como a morbidade e consequente mortalidade dentária e dos tecidos periodontais, por ações iatrogênicas. Deste modo a apresentação deste caso clínico tem como objetivo alertar aos profissionais, para que haja mudança de comportamento, quando se planeja almejar sucesso num tratamento odontológico que necessite de práticas multidisciplinares.

The evolution of dentistry is a proven fact, especially with their specialties increasingly showing scientific evidence or biological plausibility of their diagnostic and therapeutic findings. Conducting a treatment is multidisciplinary and should be conducted in compliance with the basic principles of technique and biology of each procedure in order not to compromise the tissues involved. Despite all scientific growth, unfortunately, is still in clinical dentistry inappropriate behavior that has led to irreversible damage, such as morbidity and mortality resulting dental and periodontal tissues by iatrogenic actions. Thus the presentation of this case report aims to alert professionals, for change of behavior when it plans to aim for success in a dental treatment that requires multi-disciplinary practices.

Estética gengival: repigmentação da melanina / Gingival aesthetics: melanin repigmentation

Objetivo: Mostrar aos profissionais os meios de corrigir a pigmentação melânica do tecido gengival, como finalidade estética, destacando, no entanto, a possibilidade da sua recidiva. Método: Participaram deste estudo clínico duas pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade de 28 e 22 anos que procuraram tratamento estético especializado na disciplina de periodontia da FOP/UPE, por se sentirem incomodadas com as manchas escuras na gengiva. Após exame e diagnóstico, as pacientes receberam esclarecimentos sobre a condição apresentada e, depois de conscientizadas, tiveram orientação de higiene bucal e raspagem para adequação do meio pré e pós-cirúrgico, sendo definida a técnica da gengivectomia / gengivoplastia. Resultado: os dados obtidos após acompanhamento do primeiro caso com 120 dias não comprovaram recidiva da pigmentação, no entanto, no segundo caso com 90 dias, verificou-se o aparecimento de pequenos pontos de repigmentação em diferentes áreas do tecido gengival. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que a pigmentação retorna em alguns indivíduos com mais rapidez, mesmo tendo sido executada a mesma técnica com o mesmo operador, porque a melanina é um pigmento, que está na genética dos indivíduos com características diferenciadas.

Purpose: To show professionals the means to correct the melanin pigmentation of the gingival tissue for aesthetic purposes, highlighting, however, the possibility of recurrence. Method: The subjects in the trial were two females, aged 28 and 22 years, who sought specialized cosmetic treatment in the discipline of periodontics at FOP / UPE because they were unhappy about the dark spots on their gums. After examination and diagnosis, patients were informed about their condition and given the appropriate orientation on oral hygiene and scaling for the pre- and postoperative preparation of the oral cavity, the chosen technique being gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. Results: In the first case no recurrence of the pigment was observed after 120 days of follow-up, but in the second case at 90 days small spots of repigmentation were to be seen in different areas of the gingival tissue. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the pigment returns more rapidly in some subjects, even when the same procedure has been carried by the same operator, because melanin is a pigment that is part of the genetic makeup of individuals with different characteristics.

Piercing lingual: complicações nos tecidos periodontais / Tongue piercing: complications in periodontal tissues

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discorrer sobre o uso do piercing lingual e suas consequências na cavidade bucal, especificamente nos tecidos periodontais. É prevalente em ambos os sexos e com faixa etária diversificada, destacando, no entanto, maior entre adolescentes e adultos jovens. Essa realidade é exemplificada por meio de dois pacientes, atendidos no ambulatório da disciplina de Periodontia, da FOP/UPE. O exame clínico revelou várias alterações nos tecidos periodontais, tais como: inflamação gengival, cálculo dentário, recessão gengival e espaçamento entre os dentes. Como fator complicador, os pacientes em questão se negaram a retirar os piercings, e, desse modo, o tratamento planejado não pôde ser executado. Conclui-se destacando a importância do cirurgião-dentista na conscientização do paciente sobre os danos que esse tipo de adorno pode ocasionar nos tecidos da cavidade bucal.

This paper aims to discuss the use of tongue piercing and its consequences in the oral cavity, specifically the periodontal tissues. It is prevalent in both sexes and diverse age, emphasizing, however but higher among adolescents and young adults. This reality is exemplified by two patients treated at the outpatient clinic of discipline of periodontics, FOP/UPE. Clinical examination revealed several changes in tissues, such as gingival inflammation, dental calculus, gingival recession, and spacing between the teeth. As complicating factor in question patients refused to remove the piercing, and thus the planned treatment could not be executed. Given the relevance of the subject, concludes by highlighting the importance of the dentist in patient awareness of the damage that type of decoration can cause the tissues of the oral cavity.

Impacto das doenças periodontais na qualidade de vida / Impact of periodontal diseases on quality of life

Este trabalho objetivou revisar sobre o impacto das doenças periodontais na qualidade de vida de seus portadores. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Blackwell, Science Direct, SciELO e Ovid, pesquisando artigos nos períodos entre 1984 a 2007. Foram utilizadas como estratégia de busca as palavras-chave: saúde bucal, qualidade de vida, impacto, doenças periodontais e periodontite. Observou-se nos últimos anos que vários artigos têm sido publicados para avaliar a relação entre as enfermidades do periodonto e a qualidade de vida. No entanto, aspectos socioeconômicos heterogêneos na amostra e a presença de outras doenças da cavidade oral influenciaram a verificação e comprovação dessa associação. Diante da literatura consultada, foi possível concluir que indivíduos periodontalmente comprometidos apresentaram influências negativas na qualidade de vida, e as piores condições de qualidade de vida são ainda mais prevalentes nos pacientes mais severamente acometidos.

Objetivo The present study aimed to review the literature concerning the impact of periodontal diseases on quality of life. It was used Blackwell, Science Direct, Scielo and Ovid databases to search scientific articles from 1984 to 2007. In this research was used the following key-words: oral health, quality of life, impact, periodontal diseases and periodontitis. During the last years some researches have showed association of periodontal disease with the quality of life; however, heterogeneous socio-economics aspects for the subjects and the presence of other oral diseases could be able to confound this correlation. According the present review, it could be concluded that periodontal compromised patients self-report negative influences on quality of life, and the worse conditions on quality of life were reported to have a higher prevalence in more severely compromised patients.

Relação entre dentes mal posicionados e a condição dos tecidos periodontais / Association between malpositioned teeth and periodontal disease

OBJETIVO: avaliar pacientes encaminhados à Associação Brasileira de Odontologia, Seção Pernambuco, para tratamento periodontal, a fim de identificar as anomalias de posição dentária presentes na amostra, bem como verificar se há relação entre essas anomalias e a condição dos tecidos periodontais. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída por 90 indivíduos, com idades de 15 a 69 anos. Inicialmente, cada participante foi submetido à identificação dos tipos de anomalias de posição dentária através de exame de inspeção visual e, posteriormente, à avaliação da condição periodontal, registrada pelos seguintes parâmetros clínicos: sangramento gengival na sondagem, perda de inserção periodontal e profundidade de sondagem. Na análise bivariada utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para calcular o nível de significância das associações testadas. RESULTADOS: foram identificados vários tipos de alterações na posição dentária dos pacientes examinados, sendo os mais significativos: giroversão (86,7 por cento), apinhamento (52,2 por cento) e molar inclinado mesialmente (48,9 por cento). Em todos os participantes foram registradas alterações periodontais relacionadas a essas anomalias: 100 por cento apresentaram sangramento gengival; 67,8 por cento, recessão gengival; 54,4 por cento, hiperplasia gengival e 28,9 por cento, periodontite crônica.Verificou-se associação significativa entre a recessão gengival e as variáveis dente vestibularizado e proclinação excessiva dos incisivos superiores; e entre a periodontite crônica e molar inclinado mesialmente, dentes apinhados, proclinação excessiva dos incisivos superiores e inferiores, e diastema (p<0,05). A necessidade de tratamento interdisciplinar foi evidente em todas as situações encontradas. CONCLUSÕES: os dentes mal posicionados contribuíram negativamente para a saúde dos tecidos periodontais, o que evidencia a importância de um tratamento multidisciplinar envolvendo, em especial, Periodontia e Ortodontia, levando à melhoria das condições de saúde bucal dos pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To identify malpositioned teeth in patients referred to periodontal treatment in the Brazilian Association of Dentistry, Pernambuco Division and evaluate the association of these irregularities with periodontal health. METHODS: The sample comprised 90 individuals aged 15 to 69 years. First, each participant was examined to identify the types of abnormal tooth positions by means of visual inspection. After that, their periodontal health was assessed according to the following clinical parameters: gingival bleeding on probing, periodontal attachment loss, and probing depth. In bivariate analysis, a chi-square test was used to calculate significance of the associations. RESULTS: Several types of changes in tooth position were detected in the participants, and the most significant were: rotated teeth (86.7 percent); crowding (52.2 percent); and mesially tipped molar (48.9 percent). All participants had periodontal changes associated with these abnormalities: 100 percent had gingival bleeding; 67.8 percent, gingival recession; 54.4 percent, gingival enlargement; and 28.9 percent, chronic periodontitis. There were significant associations between gingival recession and the variables buccally tipped tooth and excessive proclination of maxillary incisors, and also between chronic periodontitis and mesially tipped molar, crowding, excessive proclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors, and diastema (p<0.05). The need of multidisciplinary treatment was clear in all the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Malpositioned teeth negatively affected the health of periodontal tissues, which draws attention to the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that includes, primarily, periodontal and orthodontic care to improve the oral health of patients.

Condição Periodontal e Marcadores do Controle Metabólico em Pacientes Diabéticos / Periodontal Conditions and Metabolic Control Markers in Diabetic Patients

Objetivo: Avaliar a condição periodontal dos pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, relacionando com o controle de marcadores metabólicos.Método: Para este estudo foram selecionados 92 pacientes diabéticos que recebiam tratamento em dois centros de referência em Recife, Brasil. Foram realizados exames clínicos periodontais em seis sítios de cada dente, avaliando a profundidade de sondagem, sangramento à sondagem, perda de inserção, índice de placa dentária e número de dentes presentes. A doença periodontal foi definida pela presença de mais de 4 sítios com perda de inserção ≥ 5 mm, sendo um ou mais destes sítios com profundidade de sondagem de 4 mm ou mais. Foram realizados exames hematológicos para avaliar os marcadores metabólicos (hemoglobina glicosilada, glicemia de jejum, triglicérides, colesterol total, colesterol HDL e LDL). Foi realizada análise estatística bi-variada para verificar a associação entre as variáveis em estudo.Resultados: A avaliação da condição periodontal dos pacientes avaliados mostrou que 59,8% dos pacientes diabéticos eram portadores de doença periodontal, caracterizada por periodontite. A média de idade observada foi de 54,8 anos com DP = 9,3, o sangramento gengival à sondagem e o índice de placa foram de 33,8% e 61,07%, respectivamente. A maioria dos pacientes com níveis elevados de glicemia (≥ 126 mg / dL) apresentaram doença periodontal (62,3%),o perfil lipídico dos pacientes com doença periodontal se mostrou controlado.Conclusão: Não foi observada associação entre a condição periodontal e os marcadores do controle metabólico dos pacientes diabéticos

Objective: Evaluate the periodontal condition in diabetic patients type 2, relating to markers of metabolic control.Methods: 92 diabetic patients who received treatment in two centers in Recife, Brazil, had been invited to participate in this study. It was carried through periodontal clinical examinations in six sites of each tooth, evaluating the depth probing, bleeding probing, attachment loss, dental plaque and the number of teeth present. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of 4 + sites with attachment loss of ≥ 5 mm with one or more than these sites with depth probing of 4 + mm. Hematologic examinations were carried out to evaluate the metabolic markers (Glycosylated Hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol HDL and LDL). Bi-variate analysis were used to verified the association between variables.Results: Evaluation of periodontal condition in the sample have shown 59.8% of diabetic patients had periodontal diseases, characterized as periodontitis. The average of age observed was 54.8 years with DP= 9.3, average of bleed on probing and plaque index were 33.8% and 61.07%, respectively. The majority of patients with raised glicemic levels (≥126 mg/dL) had presented DP (62,3%), in relation to the lipidic profile the patients with periodontal disease had been presented controlled. Conclusion: In the studied population there were no signs of any association between the periodontal condition and the markers of metabolic control

Fatores relacionados ao impacto das condições de saúde bucal na Vida diária de idosos, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil / Factors related to the impact of oral health conditions in the daily life of elderly, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados ao impacto das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária de idosos assistidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social - Semas na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal com uma amostra probabilística constituída por 220 idosos, de ambos os sexos, com idade que variam de 60 a 94 anos de idade, socialmente independente, sem alterações cognitivas significantes. A variável dependente foi o impacto das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária medida por meio do Índice GOHAI e as variáveis independentes: sexo, idade, situação conjugal, renda familiar, escolaridade, utilização de serviços odontológicos, morbidade referida, uso e necessidade de prótese, bem como sinais e sintomas de DTM, por meio do Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas e bivariadas pelo Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson, considerando p less than 0,05. Resultados: A média final do Índice GOHAI foi de 26,8 denotando impacto negativo das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária dos idosos. Uma associação estatisticamente significante foi encontrada entre a variável dependente e as variáveis independentes: sexo (p menor que 0,01), autoavaliação da necessidade de tratamento odontológico (p menor que 0,05) e a presença de sinais e sintomas de DTM (p menor que 0,01). Conclusão: O escore final do GOHAI foi considerado baixo neste estudo, indicando um impacto negativo das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária dos idosos avaliados, sendo associado de maneira estatisticamente significante com as variáveis sexo, autoavaliação da necessidade de tratamento odontológico e a presença de sinais e sintomas de DTM, e, portanto, indicadores de risco para a baixa pontuação do Índice GOHAI.

Objective: To assess the factors associated to the impact of oral health status in daily life of elderly people assisted by the Municipal Social Welfare - SEMAS in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample consisting of 220 elderly of both sexes, aged from 60 to 94 years old, socially independent, without significant cognitive alterations. The dependent variable was the impact of oral health status in daily life as measured by the Index GOHAI and independent variables: gender, age, marital status, family income, education, use of dental services, morbidity, usage and need for prostheses well as signs and symptoms of TMD, using the Index Anamnesic of Fonseca. Were conducted by descriptive analysis and bivariate Pearson Chi-Square and Pearson Correlation Coefficient, with p less than 0.05 as the significance cut-off. Results: The GOHAI final mean score of 26.8 indicate negative impact of oral health status of elderly people in daily life. A statistically significant association was found between the dependent variable and independent variables: gender (p less than 0.01), self-assessment of need for dental treatment (p less than 0.05) and the presence of signs and symptoms of DTM (p less than 0.01). Conclusion: The GOHAI final score in this study was considered low, indicating a negative impact of oral health status of the daily life of elderly patients, being associated with a statistically significant way with gender, self-assessment of need for dental treatment and the presence of signs and symptoms TMD, and therefore risk indicators for a low final GOHAI score.