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PURPOSE: Personality traits are an important factor in health behaviors. However, personality traits and self-care in T2DM in the Mexican population are not yet explored due to this; the purpose of this work was to explore the relationship of personality traits with self-care in Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 197 T2DM patients from a primary care center in Oaxaca, Mexico. The Big Five Inventory and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) were the tools used. Correlation models and multiple linear regression models were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Most of the study participants were women (74.6%). The mean age was 53.1 years (SD = 8.4). The average years of schooling of the participants were 5.7 (SD = 4.3). The number of years lived with T2DM was 9.0 (SD = 6.5). The waist circumference was 96.3 (SD = 14.2), and the BMI was 27.5 kg/m2 (SD = 4.1). The traits of conscientiousness (r = 0.283) and openness (r = 0.259) were positively correlated with self-care activities, while neuroticism was inversely correlated (r = -0.144). In the multiple linear regression models, only the conscientiousness and openness traits were predictors of self-care; they explained 19% of the variance. CONCLUSION: People with greater openness and conscientiousness were associated with greater compliance with self-care. Conversely, neuroticism was inversely associated with self-care in patients with T2DM.
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AIM: To determine the relationship between social support in social networks and risk factors of overweight and obesity including healthy lifestyles and perceived barriers in adolescents. METHOD: Descriptive and cross-sectional study with adolescents from a public high school in Nuevo León, Mexico. Anthropometric measurements were determined to obtain body mass index, behavioural measurements for perceived barriers to healthy eating and physical activity, as well as healthy lifestyles. RESULTS: A total of 188 adolescents participated, male sex predominated at 55.9%, mean age was 16.1 years. From them, 52.1% were overweight, less than half of the adolescents reported having friends on social networks (37.8%); 52% of overweight participants need changes in their diet and the majority reported low physical activity (82.7%). There is a correlation between social support in social networks and perceived barriers to physical activity in overweight adolescents (r2 0.144; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the adolescents do not have an adequate diet or perform recommended physical activity, one of the main causes is lack of motivation as a perceived barrier. Social networks represent a tool for nursing staff to promote health and develop interventions aimed at preventing disease in a global context in digital transition.
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Promoção da Saúde , Sobrepeso , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Rede Social , Apoio SocialRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to identify the association between environmental risk factors and awareness of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk. METHOD: cross-sectional correlational study, with a sample consisted of people who met at least one of the Revised Bethesda criteria, and 80 participants were included in this study. A sociodemographic data record, the AUDIT Test for alcohol use, the Fagerström Test for tobacco smoking, the Estimation and Frequency of Food Intake scale, and the Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire to assess the colorectal cancer awareness were used. Body mass index was calculated, and descriptive statistics and the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to estimate the association. RESULTS: female sex predominated, with an average age of 37.8 years, almost half of the participants were overweight, 45% showed symptoms of alcohol dependence, half of the sample showed an association between hereditary factors and the development of colorectal cancer, and less than half of them were aware of cancer prevention programs. CONCLUSION: there is little information on the main environmental risk factors, signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer, and no significant association was found between these and colorectal cancer awareness.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtornos Induzidos por Álcool/complicações , Conscientização , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fumar Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Hoy en día existen dos fenómenos que son de interés, la adicción digital y la adicción a la comida. Existe la probabilidad de que estos factores influyan de forma negativa en el índice de alimentación saludable. METODOLOGÍA: El diseño utilizado fue el correlacional y transversal. La población de interés estuvo compuesta por 845 adultos jóvenes, la muestra fue de 282 personas seleccionadas de manera aleatoria y por conglomerados. El índice de alimentación saludable se evaluó por medio del Índice Alternativo Mexicano de Alimentación Saludable, el cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos de Adolescentes y Adultos, la Escala Adicción a la Comida de Yale y la Escala de Efectos de las Redes Sociales en la Conducta Alimentaria. Se realizó el análisis estadístico en el software SPSS. RESULTADOS: El 80,9% de la muestra son mujeres. El tiempo de uso de redes sociales y plataformas digitales mostró una media de 9,21 horas diarias. El 39,4% con peso corporal elevado. Se detectó una asociación positiva y significativa entre la adicción a la comida y la adicción digital (U= 452, p< 0,001) y negativa entre la adicción a la comida y el índice de alimentación saludable (U= 192, p< 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: La investigación contribuye a conocer la relación que existe entre la adicción digital y la adicción a la comida; además de la relación entre estos factores y el índice de alimentación saludable. Esta evidencia puede servir de fundamente para el desarrollo de intervenciones de enfermería y abre una nueva área de investigación.
INTRODUCTION: Today there are two phenomena that are of interest, digital addiction and food addiction. There is a likelihood that these factors will negatively influence the healthy eating index. METHODOLOGY: The design used was correlational and transversal. The population of interest was made up of 845 young adults, the sample was 282 people selected randomly and by clusters. The healthy eating index was evaluated through the Mexican Alternative Healthy Eating Index, the Food Consumption Frequency of Adolescents and Adults questionnaire, the Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Social Network Effects on Behavior Scale. Food. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software. RESULTS: 80,9% of the sample are women. The time spent using social networks and digital platforms showed an average of 9,21 hours per day. 39,4% with high body weight. A positive and significant association was detected between food addiction and digital addiction (U= 452, p< 0,001) and a negative association between food addiction and the healthy eating index (U= 192, p< 0,001). CONCLUSION: The research contributes to understanding the relationship between digital addiction and food addiction; in addition to the relationship between these factors and the healthy eating index. This evidence can serve as a basis for the development of nursing interventions and opens a new area of research.
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Introducción: Se ha reportado baja satisfacción con la atención recibida en el primer y el segundo nivel de atención de instituciones públicas. Existe incremento del uso de la medicina tradicional. Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de satisfacción percibida por los pacientes que acuden a los servicios de medicina alópata y medicina tradicional. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y comparativo. La población estuvo constituida por pacientes que acudieron al Centro de Salud Urbano y curandero de medicina tradicional de la misma comunidad. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 344 personas, seleccionados por muestreo sistemático. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 40,6 años (DE=16,1), predominó el sexo femenino, los casados, con educación primaria y de religión católica. El padecimiento por el cual acudieron a los servicios de medicina alópata fue por consulta familiar y en la medicina tradicional por espanto. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entra la satisfacción medicina tradicional y alópata. Los pacientes reportan mayor satisfacción en los servicios de medicina tradicional. Conclusiones: Los pacientes perciben mayor satisfacción en la explicación, trato y tratamiento médico en la medicina tradicional(AU)
Introduction: Low satisfaction with the care received at the first and second levels in public institutions has been reported. There is an increase in the use of traditional medicine. Objective: To compare the level of satisfaction perceived by patients attending allopathic and traditional medicine services. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative study. The population consisted of patients attending the Urban Health Center and traditional medicine healer in the community of Oaxaca. The sample size was 344 people, selected by systematic sampling. Results: The mean age was 40.6 years (SD=16.1). There was a predominance of the female sex, married persons, with primary education and Catholic religion. The condition for which they sought allopathic medicine services was that they received family advice and, in traditional medicine, for fear. Significant differences were found between satisfaction with traditional and allopathic medicine. Patients report greater satisfaction in traditional medicine services. Conclusions: Patients perceive greater satisfaction in the explanation, treatment and medical treatment in traditional medicine(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Satisfação do Paciente , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Assistência ao Paciente , Estudo Comparativo , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , MéxicoRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Conocer si el estilo de vida es determinado por el nivel socioeconómico, ocupación y vecindario de adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue transversal, correlacional, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia usando medios digitales de grupos conocidos. Se contactaron 101 adultos mayores por correo electrónico, WhatsApp o a través de conocidos. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la herramienta digital QuestionPro. Se usaron las subescalas del instrumento FANTASTIC: actividad física, nutrición, toxicidad (tabaco), alcohol, sueño, estrés y control de la salud; Neighborhood Environment Walkability Survey; el AMAI para valorar estilos de vida, caminabilidad del vecindario y nivel socioeconómico, respectivamente. así como preguntas abiertas sobre ocupación. Las medidas de tendencia central, dispersión, frecuencias y porcentajes describen las variables continuas y nominales, el Alpha de Cronbach la consistencia interna de los instrumentos y prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov con corrección de Lilliefors para la distribución de variables. Se usaron coeficientes de correlación de Spearman y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para responder los objetivos. Resultados: A medida que el nivel socioeconómico mejora las medias de caminabilidad del vecindario aumentan (p < 0.001). El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple fue significativo (p < 0.001), el nivel socioeconómico (p = 0.006) y vecindario (p = 0.005), explican el 28% de la variación de estilos de vida. Conclusiones. El estudio permitió confirmar las teorizaciones en el sentido de que el estatus social y las oportunidades de vida, entendidas como el entorno inmediato juegan un papel importante en la elección del estilo de vida, en este caso representado por nivel socioeconómico y la caminabilidad del vecindario de los adultos mayores. Sin embargo, ello evidencia la desigualdad de oportunidades para mantener un estilo de vida saludable por parte de los adultos mayores, y es a la vez un reto para los profesionales de la salud.
Abstract Objective: To learn if elder adults lifestyle is determined by socioeconomic status, occupation, and neighborhood. Materials and methods: The design was cross sectional, correlational and a convenience non probabilistic sampling through digital social networks of known groups was used. One hundred and one older adults were contacted through e-mail, WhatsApp or by known groups (friends, classmates, professors). Data were collected through the QuestionPro digital tool. Lifestyle was measure using the following subscales: physical activity, nutrition, toxicity (tobacco), alcohol, sleep, stress and health control of the FANTASTIC instrument. Neighborhood's walkability was measured by short version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Survey, the AMAI index was used to determine the socioeconomic status, and the type of past or present occupation, activities performed and number of people under their command. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with Lilliefors correction, and nonparametric statistics were used. Results: As socioeconomic status went up medians of neighborhood walkability increased (p < 0.001). The linear multiple regression model was significant (p < 0.001); socioeconomic status (p = 0.006), and neighborhood (p = 0.005), explained 28% of the lifestyle variance. Conclusions. The study allowed some theoretical confirmation, in that social status, and life opportunities like environment, play an important role on lifestyle choices, in this study represented by socioeconomic status and neighborhood's walkability of elder adults. But results evidence social inequalities of opportunities to keep a healthy lifestyle by elder adults and at the same time it is a challenge for health professionals.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genetic markers considered risk factors for metabolic syndromes, including dyslipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can be applied to a Northeastern Mexican population. A total of 37 families were analyzed for 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the age, body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance values and blood lipid levels, including those of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides were evaluated. Three genetic markers previously associated with metabolic syndromes were identified in the sample population, including KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and HNF4A. The KCNJ11 SNP rs5210 was associated with T2DM, the TCF7L2 SNP rs11196175 was associated with BMI and cholesterol and LDL levels, the TCF7L2 SNP rs12255372 was associated with BMI and HDL, VLDL and triglyceride levels, and the HNF4A SNP rs1885088 was associated with LDL levels (P<0.05).
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Introducción: La violencia laboral entre el personal de enfermería en hospitales constituye un problema de salud pública, afectando de manera indirecta la calidad del cuidado. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de violencia laboral entre el personal de enfermería y la calidad del cuidado en hospitales públicos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional y transversal, realizado en dos hospitales públicos de México durante agosto y septiembre de 2017. La muestra fue de 161 enfermeros y 117 pacientes. Se utilizaron el Barómetro Cisneros y el Caring Assessment Instrument para medir las variables de interés; se obtuvieron medias, desviación estándar y frecuencias para datos descriptivos, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y coeficientes de Contingencia y Chi cuadrada para determinar la relación. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (85,70 por ciento), con una media de edad de 35,67 años, 45,90 por ciento), trabajaban en el turno nocturno, 79,40 por ciento), de los participantes refirió no haber experimentado violencia laboral, la evaluación inequitativa fue la estrategia de violencia laboral más frecuente. Respecto a los pacientes, más de la mitad reportó calidad en el cuidado. El Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman no mostró significancia estadística (p > 0,05). Conclusión: El personal de enfermería no se encuentra familiarizado con la conceptualización de violencia laboral, por lo que es probable que la mayoría la haya experimentado y por temor a represalias, no la reportara(AU)
Introduction: Workplace violence among nursing personnel in hospitals constitutes a public health problem, indirectly affecting the quality of care. Objective: To determine the relationship of workplace violence among nursing staff and the quality of care in public hospitals. Methods: á Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out in two public hospitals in Mexico from August to September 2017. The sample consisted of 161 nurses and 117 patients. We used Cisneros Barometer and the Caring Assessment Instrument to measure the variables of interest; means, standard deviation and frequencies were obtained for descriptive data, Spearman's correlation coefficient and Contingency coefficients and Chi squared to determine the relationship. Results: Female predominated (85.70 percent)), with a mean age of 35.67 years, 45.90 percent worked the night shift, 79.40 percent),),of the participants referred not having experienced workplace violence, inequitable evaluation was the most frequent workplace violence strategy. Regarding patients, more than 50 percent), reported quality of care. The Spearman Correlation Coefficient did not show statistical significance (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing staff are not familiar with the conceptualization of workplace violence, so it is likely that the majority have experienced it, but did not report it, for fear of reprisals(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Gestão da Qualidade Total/métodos , Violência no Trabalho , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Empatia , Relatório de Pesquisa , Hospitais PúblicosRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el cuidado al personal de enfermería desde la perspectiva del supervisor en el contexto hospitalario. Material y Método: Estudio exploratorio con aproximación cualitativa en el que se empleó el diseño sistemático de la Teoría Fundamentada; la población se conformó por supervisores de enfermería en dos hospitales públicos de segundo nivel en la ciudad de Chihuahua, México; la recolección de datos se llevó a cabo durante agosto y septiembre de 2017 a través de un muestreo teórico, respetando los aspectos éticos de investigación. Resultados: Con diez participantes, hasta llegar a la saturación de datos, predominó el sexo femenino (7), en su mayoría casados (6) y con estudios de posgrado (6). Surgieron tres categorías: 1) Cuidado desde la perspectiva del supervisor de enfermería; 2) Interacción entre el supervisor de enfermería y sus compañeros de trabajo y 3) Desarrollo profesional como parte del cuidado al supervisor de enfermería. Conclusiones: La mayoría conceptualiza el cuidado como una actividad dirigida a otros pero no a sí mismos. La comunicación efectiva y estilo de liderazgo desempeñan una función importante para la interacción del supervisor de enfermería con el personal de enfermería operativo y sus directivos, pero estos atributos no se perciben de manera adecuada por ellos mismos.
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe nursing staff care from the supervisor's perspective in the hospital setting. Material and Methods: Exploratory study with a qualitative approach using the systematic design of the Grounded Theory. The population consisted of nursing supervisors in two secondary care public hospitals in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico; data collection was carried out during August and September 2017 through theoretical sampling, respecting ethical aspects of research. Results: With ten participants until reaching data saturation, female sex predominated (7), mostly married (6) and with postgraduate studies (6). Three categories emerged from this study: 1) Care from the nursing supervisor's perspective; 2) Interaction between the nursing supervisor and their coworkers and 3) Professional development as part of the nursing supervisor care. Conclusions: Most supervisors conceptualize care as an activity aimed at others, but not at themselves. Effective communication and leadership style play an important role in the interaction between nurse supervisors with operational nursing staff and their managers, but these attributes are not properly perceived by themselves.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os cuidados do pessoal de enfermagem da perspectiva do supervisor no contexto hospitalar. Material e Método: Estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa usando o desenho sistemático da teoria fundamentada ou Grounded Theory. A população consistiu de gerentes de enfermagem em dois hospitais públicos de cuidados secundários na cidade de Chihuahua, México; a coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2017 por amostragem teórica, respeitando os aspectos éticos da pesquisa. Resultados: com dez participantes até atingir a saturação de dados, predominando o sexo feminino (7), a maioria casada (6) e com estudos de pós-graduação (6). Três categorias emergiram deste estudo: 1) percepção do gerente de enfermagem sobre o cuidado; 2) interação entre o gerente de enfermagem e colegas de trabalho e 3) desenvolvimento profissional como parte do atendimento do gerente de enfermagem. Conclusões: A maioria dos enfermeiros gerentes conceitua o cuidado como uma atividade voltada para os outros, mas não para si mesmos. O estilo eficaz de comunicação e liderança desempenha um papel importante na interação do gerente de enfermagem com a equipe de enfermagem e seu diretor executivo, mas esses atributos não são percebidos adequadamente por eles mesmos.
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Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica que se percibe y se maneja de distintas maneras según las concepciones que cada persona tiene y que pueden ser diferentes según el género. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de estar enfermo de los hombres con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población colombiana. Método: Estudio cualitativo-descriptivo con análisis de contenido basado en una categorización de tipo inductivo. Se incluyeron 6 participantes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de ser hombres mayores de 30 años con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y con una duración de la enfermedad de al menos un año, durante 2016. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas sobre su proceso y percepción de la enfermedad en su vida, las cuales se analizaron y codificaron por medio del programa Atlas.ti. Resultados: Las 7 categorías obtenidas dan cuenta de la percepción de los hombres respecto a la enfermedad en la que asocian la salud con ausencia de síntomas y dolor, poder entender lo que era tener diabetes implicó un proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación en el que buscaron darle sentido a la diabetes a través conocer qué es la enfermedad y cómo incorporarla a la vida cotidiana Conclusión: La vivencia de la diabetes en los hombres adultos mayores colombianos representa las dificultades para aceptar el diagnóstico, comprometerse con comportamientos de autocuidado adecuados para el control de la diabetes y reconocer y buscar ayuda asistencial cuando la requieren por complicaciones de la enfermedad.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is perceived and managed in different ways according to the notions that each person has, which may be different based on gender. Objective: To describe the perception of men on having type 2 diabetes mellitus across the Colombian population. Method: Qualitative-descriptive study with content analysis based on an inductive categorization. Six participants who met the inclusion criteria (men, older than 30 years of age, with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and with a duration of the disease of at least one year in 2016) were included. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on their process and perception of the disease in their lives, which were then analyzed and coded using the Atlas.ti program. Results: The 7 categories obtained account for the perception of men regarding the disease. These perceptions show an association of health with the absence of symptoms and pain. To understand what having diabetes was like implied a process of coping and adaptation in which they sought to make sense out of diabetes through knowing what the disease is and how to integrate it into daily life Conclusion: The experience of diabetes in older Colombian men shows the difficulty inherent to accepting the diagnosis, committing to self-care behaviors adequate for the control of diabetes, and recognizing and seeking health care when required for complications of the disease.
Introdução: O diabetes mellitus é uma doença crônica percebida e tratada de diferentes maneiras de acordo com as concepções de cada pessoa e que podem ser diferentes segundo o gênero. Objetivo: Descrever a percepção de estar doente em homens com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na população colombiana. Método: Estudo qualitativo-descritivo com análise de conteúdo baseado em uma categorização de tipo indutivo. Incluíram-se seis participantes que atenderam os critérios de inclusão de serem homens com mais de 30 anos, com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e com duração da doença de ao menos um ano, durante 2016. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre o processo e percepção da doença na vida deles, as quais foram analisadas e codificadas com o programa Atlas.ti. Resultados: As sete categorias obtidas explicam a percepção dos homens em relação à doença na que associam saúde com ausência de sintomas e dor, conseguir entender o que era ter diabetes envolveu um processo de enfrontamento e adaptação no que visaram lhe dar senso à diabetes através de conhecer o que a doença é e como incorporá-la à vida cotidiana Conclusão: A vivência do diabetes em homens adultos maiores colombianos representa as dificuldades para aceitar o diagnóstico, se comprometer com comportamentos de autocuidado adequados para o controle do diabetes e reconhecer e procurar ajuda assistencial quando necessário por complicações da doença.
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Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Percepção , Doença CrônicaRESUMO
Objetivo identificar a associação entre os fatores de risco ambientais e a conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal em pessoas com risco familiar. Método estudo correlacional de corte transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por pessoas que cumpriam pelo menos um dos critérios de Bethesda Revisados, sendo 80 participantes incluídos no estudo. Foram utilizados uma ficha com dados sociodemográficos, o Teste AUDIT para o consumo de álcool, o Teste de Fagerström para o tabagismo, a escala de Estimativa e Consumo de Alimentos, e o questionário Cancer Awareness Measure para avaliar a conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal. O índice de massa corporal foi calculado, e estatísticas descritivas e o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson foram usados para estimar a associação. Resultados o sexo feminino foi o mais prevalente, com média de idade de 37,8 anos, quase metade dos participantes apresentava sobrepeso, 45% apresentavam sintomas de dependência de álcool, metade da amostra teve o fator hereditário relacionado com o desenvolvimento de câncer colorretal, e menos da metade conhecia programas preventivos deste câncer. Conclusão há pouca informação sobre os principais fatores de risco ambientais, sinais e sintomas do câncer colorretal, e nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada entre eles e conscientização sobre o câncer colorretal.
Objective to identify the association between environmental risk factors and awareness of colorectal cancer in people at familial risk. Method cross-sectional correlational study, with a sample consisted of people who met at least one of the Revised Bethesda criteria, and 80 participants were included in this study. A sociodemographic data record, the AUDIT Test for alcohol use, the Fagerström Test for tobacco smoking, the Estimation and Frequency of Food Intake scale, and the Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire to assess the colorectal cancer awareness were used. Body mass index was calculated, and descriptive statistics and the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to estimate the association. Results female sex predominated, with an average age of 37.8 years, almost half of the participants were overweight, 45% showed symptoms of alcohol dependence, half of the sample showed an association between hereditary factors and the development of colorectal cancer, and less than half of them were aware of cancer prevention programs. Conclusion there is little information on the main environmental risk factors, signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer, and no significant association was found between these and colorectal cancer awareness.
Objetivo identificar la asociación entre factores de riesgo ambientales y la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal en personas con riesgo familiar. Método estudio transversal correlacional; la muestra estuvo constituida por personas que cumplieran al menos uno de los criterios de Bethesda Revisados; se incluyeron 80 participantes en el estudio; se empleó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos, el Test AUDIT para el consumo de alcohol, Test de Fagerström para el consumo de tabaco, escala Estimación y Consumo de Alimento y el cuestionario Cancer Awareness Measure para la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal, además se calculó el índice de masa corporal; se obtuvo estadística descriptiva y el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson para la asociación. Resultados predominó el sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 37,8 años; casi la mitad de los participantes presentó sobrepeso, un 45% mostró síntomas de dependencia al alcohol, la mitad de la muestra relaciona el factor hereditario con el desarrollo de cáncer colorrectal y menos de la mitad conoce programas preventivos sobre el mismo. Conclusión existe poca información sobre los principales factores de riesgo ambientales, signos y síntomas del cáncer colorrectal; no se encontró una asociación significativa entre estos y la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Conscientização , Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Fumar , Índice de Massa Corporal , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Transtornos Induzidos por Álcool , Dieta , SobrepesoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Comparar el apoyo social que reciben las personas con DM2 de cuatro comunidades del estado de Oaxaca, México METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal-descriptivo y comparativo, con una muestra de 152 pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de 20 a 65 años de cuatro comunidades del estado de Oaxaca; Pinotepa Nacional, San Lorenzo, San Andrés Huaxpaltepec y Santiago Jamiltepec. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de visitas domiciliarias, los domicilios fueron obtenidos de los centros de salud de cada municipio. RESULTADOS: de acuerdo con los hallazgos, la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, casadas y la educación promedio fue primaria terminada. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de apoyo social por IMC y por municipio. CONCLUSIONES: Es importante desarrollar intervenciones enfocados a la familia que permitan fortalecer los cambios de estilos de vida saludables, mejorar el manejo y control de la Diabetes mellitus tipo 2. De esta manera poder prevenir complicaciones a corto y largo plazo.
OBJECTIVE: Compare the social support that people with Diabetes mellitus type 2 receive on four communities in Oaxaca State, Mexico. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study, with a simple of 152 patients with Diabetes mellitus Type 2 of around 20 to 65 years old on four communities of Oaxaca; Pinotepa Nacional, San Lorenzo, San Andres Huaxpaltepec and Santiago Jamiltepec. It was a convenience sampling. Data gathering was made by home visits; their addresses were obtained by health centers of each municipality. RESULTS: In accordance with the discoveries, most of the participants were married women whose average education was completed. It was found major differences of social support per BMI and per municipality. CONCLUSION: It is important to develop interventions focused on family that allow strengthening the changes on healthy lifestyles, improve the management and control of Diabetes mellitus Type 2. Preventing complications at short and long terms by doing so.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Apoio Social , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Visita Domiciliar , Saúde da População Rural , Estilo de Vida Saudável , MéxicoRESUMO
We measured Spanish-speaking patients' engagement in Interactive Voice Response (IVR) calls using data from self-management support studies in Honduras, Mexico and the US. A total of 268 patients with diabetes or hypertension participated in 6-12 weeks of weekly IVR follow-up. Participants had an average of 6.1 years of education, and 73% of them were women. After 2443 person-weeks of follow-up, patients had completed 1494 IVR assessments. The call completion rates were higher in the US (75%) than in Honduras (59%) or Mexico (61%; P < 0.001). Patients participating with an informal caregiver were more likely to complete calls (adjusted odds ratio 1.5; P = 0.03) while patients reporting fair or poor health at enrolment were less likely (adjusted odds ratio 0.59; P = 0.02). Satisfaction rates were high, with 98% of patients reporting that the system was easy to use, and 86% reporting that the calls helped them a great deal in managing their health problems. IVR self-management support is feasible among Spanish-speaking patients with chronic disease, including those living in less-developed countries. Involving informal caregivers may increase patient engagement.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Hipertensão/terapia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Interface para o Reconhecimento da Fala , Telemedicina/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Honduras , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Satisfação do Paciente , Análise de Regressão , Sistemas de Alerta/estatística & dados numéricos , Autocuidado , Telemedicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Telefone , Estados UnidosRESUMO
En México la obesidad y la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) ocupan los primeros lugares de morbilidad y mortalidad, el tratamiento de estas enfermedades suele ser complejo e involucra una serie de actividades colaborativas con el equipo multiprofesional en el que sin duda el rol de enfermería es pieza fundamental para el logro de resultados esperados. Objetivo: brindar cuidado de especializado de enfermería con base al PAE para el control del paciente con DM2. Presentación del Caso (Evidencias, Diagnósticos), el caso clínico se guío mediante el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (Valoración, Diagnóstico, Plan de Intervenciones, Ejecución y Evaluación) en un hospital público ubicado en Monterrey, México. Evaluación: se lograron 8 de 9 objetivos plateados. Conclusiones: logró satisfactorio de objetivos planteados, un 88,88% de los resultados esperados fueron conseguidos...
In Mexico the obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) taking up the first places of morbidity and mortality, the treatment of these diseases usually are complex and involve a series of collaborative activities with the multi-professional in which certainly the nursing role is a fundamental piece for achieving of expected results. Objectives: To bring the care of specialized of nursing based in the PAE for the patientÆs control with DM2. Case Report: the clinic case was guided by means of The Attention Process of Nursing (Valuation, Diagnosis, Intervention Plan, Execution, and Evaluation) in a public hospital located in Monterrey, Mexico. Evaluation: they were accomplished 8 of 9 planned objectives. Conclusions: it achieved satisfactorily of the planned objectives, the 88,88% of the expected results and they were well made...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , MéxicoRESUMO
Identificar las características personales, familiares, clínicas y socio económicos de las personas con pie diabético, que estuvieron hospitalizadas en una institución de salud de tercer nivel en Monterrey, Nuevo León durante el año 2009 y 2010. Material y Métodos: fue un estudio descriptivo. La unidad de análisis fueron 275 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con DT2 con diagnóstico de pie diabético. Resultados: el 66,9% de los expedientes correspondieron al género masculino y un 33,1% al femenino, con edad media de 59,2 años (DE = 12,5; 31-95); el 59,6% tenían pareja; con una estancia hospitalaria promedio fue 6,4 días (DE = 5,8; 1-39); el 85,5% de los participantes cursaron en promedio 5,71 años de educación formal (DE = 3.8; 0-17), el 32 % reportaron estar desempleadas, los años de diagnóstico de DT2 en n = 255 personas fue de 14.2 años (DE = 9.0; 1-40); con diagnóstico de pie diabético en n = 94 personas (34,2%), fue de 3 años (DE = 2.3; 1-10); destacó la HTA con 22,9% masculino, 21,4% femenino con tiempo de diagnóstico de uno a 40 años; el 90% de los valores de HbA1c fueron superiores a 7%. En cuanto a los cultivos de úlceras 3,6% fueron gram+; consumo más el género masculino con 25,8% de alcohol y 21% tabaco y solo el 1% consume marihuana y cocaína; el 43,4% reportaron DT2 y paterno el 17%; en el tipo de lesión destaca la amputación supracondílea 34%. Conclusiones: se identificaron factores alarmantes que ubican en riesgo de complicaciones a la persona con DT2, se requiere mayor profundización en el fenómeno estudiado...
Identify the personal, relatives, clinics and socio-economic characteristics of the people with diabetic foot who they were hospitalized in a health institution of third level in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon during the 2009 and 2010 years. Material and Methods: It was a descriptive study. In the analysis unit had 275 clinic records of DT2 patients with diabetic foot diagnosis. Results: The 66.9% of the records corresponded to the masculine gender and the 33.1% to the female gender, with a media age of 59.2 years (DE = 12.5; 31-95), the 59.6% they had a couple, the staying in hospital was 6.4 days (DE = 5.8; 1-39); the 85.5% of the participants studied in average 5.71 years of formal education (DE = 3.8; 0-17), the 32 % reported being unemployed, the diagnosis years of DT2 in n=255 people were 14.2 years (DE = 9.0; 1-40); with diabetic foot diagnosis in n=94 people (34.2%), it was 3 years (DE = 2.3; 1-10); the HTA stand out with 22.9% masculine, 21.4% female with a diagnosis time of 40 years; the 90% of the HbA1c values were superior of 7%. With regard to the ulcer culture 3.6% were gram+; consumed more the masculine gender with 25.8% alcohol and 21% tobacco and just 1% consumed marihuana and cocaine; the 43.4% reported DT2 and paternal 17% in the kind of injury stand out the supracondilea amputation 34%. Conclusions: They were identified alarming factors which place in risk of complication to the DT2 person, it required more deepening in the phenomena studied...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pé Diabético , Pé Diabético/complicações , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , MéxicoRESUMO
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia respecto a la evaluación del efecto a largo plazo de intervenciones educativas para el autocuidado de la diabetes. Material y método: Búsqueda de artículos científicos introduciendo las palabras clave en las bases de datos EBSCO, PUBMED y buscador Google Académico. Se seleccionaron y revisaron artículos publicados desde enero 2001 hasta diciembre 2012. Resultados: Fueron seleccionadas y analizadas ocho intervenciones dirigidas a personas con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2) de entre 30 y 85 años de edad, con mal control glucémico (HbA1c >7.4%) al inicio de la intervención. En cuanto a los resultados clínicos y bioquímicos después de la intervención, el IMC y la HbA1c se redujeron significativamente a los 6 meses (p<0.001, 1 estudio), 12 meses (p<0.001, 3 estudios), 2 años (p<0.001, 2 estudios), 3 años (p<0.001, 1 estudio), 4 años (p<0.001, 1 estudio) y 5 años (p<0.001, 1 estudio). Se reportó un buen nivel de conocimientos sobre la diabetes a los dos, cuatro y cinco años de seguimiento (p<0.001, 3 estudios). Se mantuvieron los cambios benéficos en el autocuidado a los 6 y 12 meses, dos, tres y cinco años respectivamente (p<0.001, 5 estudios), y también se reportaron mejoras en la calidad de vida a los 6 y 12 meses, dos, tres y cinco años (p<0.001, 7 estudios). Conclusión: La participación en una intervención DSME basada en el empoderamiento con apoyo permanente en el autocuidado, puede tener un efecto positivo y duradero en las conductas de autocuidado, la calidad de vida, salud metabólica y cardiovascular.
Objective: To examine the evidence regarding the evaluation of long-term effect of educational interventions for Diabetes Self-care (DSME). Methods: A search of scientific articles was performed by entering key words in the EBSCO databases, data PUBMED and Google Scholar search engine. For this purpose we selected and reviewed articles published from January 2001 to December 2012. Results: We selected and analyzed eight interventions for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) between 30 and 85 years of age with poor glycemic control (HbA1c> 7.4% ) at the start of the intervention. As to of clinical and biochemical outcomes after intervention BMI and HbA1c were significantly reduced at 6 months (p<0.001, 1 study), 12 months (p<0.001, 3 studies), 2 years (p<0.001, 2 studies), 3 years (p<0.001, 1 study), 4 years (p<0.001, 1 study) and five years (p<0.001, 1 study). A good level of knowledge about diabetes at two, four and five year follow-up (p<0.001, 3 studies) were reported. Beneficial changes in self-care at 6 and 12 months, two, three and five years respectively (p<0.001, 5 studies) were maintained, and also reported improvements in quality of life at 6 and 12 months, two, three and five years (p<0.001, 7 studies). Conclusion: Participation in a DSME intervention based on empowerment with ongoing support in self-care, can have a lasting positive effect on self-care behaviors, quality of life, metabolic and cardiovascular health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Autocuidado , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Seguimentos , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Qualidade de Vida , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Cuidados de EnfermagemRESUMO
Objetivo: evaluar las estrategias de aseguramientode fidelidad utilizadas en un estudio de intervencióncontrolada y aleatorizada, tales como protocolizacióny estandarización de la intervención, seleccióny entrenamiento de los facilitadores, establecimientode criterios de evaluación de apego y monitoreo delmismo. Métodología: análisis de las estrategias através de las evaluaciones pre y post entrenamiento,los reportes de monitoreo, evaluaciones de final dedía y comentarios de participantes de investigación.Resultados: el análisis muestra que la selección yentrenamiento aseguró que los facilitadores contarancon el conocimiento suficiente para la entregadel currículo pero también que se sintieran autoeficacesen el proceso y confiaran en la eficienciade resultado. La protocolización del currículo, y elmonitoreo aseguraron el apego a la intervención.Las evaluaciones de final de día de los facilitadoresy los comentarios de los participantes reflejan unaactuación dinámica, asertiva y apegada a currículode los facilitadores. Conclusiones: el cuidado delos elementos que definen tanto el apego como laentrega competente en una intervención controladay aleatorizada permite garantizar la integridad de laintervención y con ello disminuir la posibilidad desesgo por esta fuente.