[The demonstration of the great saphenous vein (author's transl)]. / Zur Darstellung der V. saphena magna

A method for demonstrating the great saphenous vein is described which allows one to demonstrate it throughout its length, and to judge its patency without screening it. The method is suitable for examining the vein before removing it for arterial reconstruction, or for use as a by-pass.

[Pararenal pseudocyst. A rare sequela following blunt abdominal trauma (author's transl)]. / Die pararenale Pseudocyste Eine seltene Verletzungsfolge bei stumpfem Bauchtrauma

On the basis of an organ preserving operative case, the patho-physiological postulation of the origin and the diagnostic difficulty of this rare clinical picture are discussed. Out of the only 30 cases known in the world literature, 26 nephrectomies had to be made. Decisive for the formation are the grave concomitant injuries which mask the local symptomatology of the ureter tear. The duration of the interval trauma - therapy influences decisively the chances of organ preservation (from many weeks to 37 years is unknown).

[Medical education in Germany: past successes and future challenges. An overview]. / Ausbildung zum Arzt: Was ist erreicht, was bleibt zu tun? Eine Ubersicht.

The reform of the education of doctors with the regulation for licensing of doctors (Approbationsordnung) of 27 June 2002 was a fundamental one. The results of the reform are a better practical training, a better link between theoretical and practical education, a better training in general medicine and a reform of the examinations. As a further result of the reform the additional practical training of 18 months could be abolished with the law from 26 July 2004. Now the universities must transform the regulation into practice and evaluate it. The universities must implement the federal regulation in their university educational regulations and in their day-to-day practice. The further changes in Europe, in the German regulations of specialisation and in the German health security system will create new needs for forthcoming reforms.

[Abolishment of the AiP. Transformation and further regulations]. / Abschaffung des AiP. Umsetzung und Folgeregelungen.

Abolishment of the time as a physician in training (intern) in Germany on 1 October 2004 completed the reform of the education of doctors and the total time of education was reduced to 6 years. So the wages of young doctors could be raised and the aim is that these doctors will begin their jobs in hospitals in Germany and not abroad, so that this will be a measure to counteract the regional shortage of doctors. To finance the difference between the wages of the former trainees and now the young doctors in the hospitals, the German law about modernisation of the social health security system ("GKV-Modernisierungsgesetz") ensured that a budget of about 300 million euros would be provided to the hospitals by German health insurance companies. Implementation of this reform in general caused no problems. This can be ascribed to the fact that there are more than 3,000 open jobs for young doctors in German hospitals today.

[Goals of the licensing regulation in social medicine education]. / Sozialmedizinische Ausbildungsziele der Approbationsordnung.

The importance of social medicine is generally recognised, but deficits still exist, not because of any lack of legal provisions in German legislation governing the permission of doctors to practise medicine, but because the discipline of social medicine is understaffed at universities on the one hand, whereas infrastructures are insufficient and training is not properly coordinated and closely meshed on the other. A paradigmatic change is imperative. A first step in the right direction is the increase in postgraduate training courses. The German Federal Ministry of Health will attach special importance to social medicine within the framework of forth-coming reforms in medical education for German doctors.

Clinical study with bromperidol, a new butyrophenone derivative.

20 psychotic - predominantly schizophrenic - patients underwent treatment with the new butyrophenone derivative bromperidol for a period of 4 weeks; the drug was administered in the form of 1 mg tablets. The daily dose (initial dose: 1 mg; mean dose at the end of the trial: 4.47 mg) was always administered in one single dose. 19 patients finished the trial, and in 18 cases the therapeutic result was considered very good to good. These results were confirmed by statistical analysis. Nine patients exhibited mild to moderate extrapyramidal concomitant symptoms; no other side effects were observed. The results of detailed laboratory tests and evaluations of various quantitative and qualitative tolerability parameters were not indicative of toxic effects. The therapeutic value of this new substance will be demonstrated by a double-blind study.

[Congenital incomplete aortic-arch-syndrome as a rare cause of cerebral ischemia in consequence of a steal-syndrome (author's transl)]. / Kongenitales, inkomplettes Aortenbogensyndrom als ungewöhnliche Ursache einer Hirndurchblutungsstörung mit Steal-Symptomatik

A subclavian-steal-syndrome of a congenital origin is a rare observation. The authors report on a 27 years old female patient with characteristic symptoms. The vascular deformity consisted of a right-sided aortic arch, a right descending aorta, separate origins of the anonymous and the right carotid arteries, and an aplasia of the proximal parts of the left carotid and the left subclavian arteries. A combined dacron-venous-bypass was placed from the ascending aorta to the left arm-neck arteries and thus cerebral circulation was improved and the patient got free from symptoms. Special problems of morphology and hemodynamics are discussed on the hand of arteriograms.

Double-blind study with two butyrophenone derivatives: bromperidol vs. haloperidol.

The present report deals with a double-blind study comparing the new butyrophenone derivative, bromperidol, with haloperidol as the reference substance. Both substances were found to be highly effective in the treatment of psychotic syndromes belonging predominantly to the schizophrenia group. Certain clues, including the onset of action, seem to be indicative of the superiority of bromperidol. No differences between the two substances were observed with respect to side effects and general tolerability.

[Allogenic and xenogenic aortic segmental transplants in inbred rats angiographically demonstrable vascular changes (author's transl)]. / Allogene und xenogene Aortensegmenttransplantate bei Inzuchtratten Angiographisch darstellbare Gefässveränderungen

In order to make a systematic study of the significance of immunological reactions in vascular grafts, segments of abdominal aorta (4-5 mm long) were grafted into inbred rats. Four experimental combinations were used: I. syngeneic (CDF leads to CDF), II. weakly allogeneic (LEW leads to CDF), III. strongly allogeneic (BD 5 leads to CDF), IV. xenogeneic (guinea pig leads to CDF). After 100 days the gaft was macroscopically evaluated, angiographed and measured. Whereas no alterations of the vascular wall were found in group I, the degree of aneurysm formation increased significantly corresponding to the degree of histoincompatibility in the other groups: group II showed little aneurysm formation (medicum size 1.27 fold), group III more pronounced (1.71 fold) and group IV very pronounced (3.9 fold) with partial thrombosis in 3/5 of the cases. These findings are interpreted, as functional and morphological consequences of the immunogenicity of the aorta tissue. The conclusion was reached that the degree of histoincompatibility should be more carefully considered, also in vascular grafting.

Differential diagnostic importance of retrograde phlebography in cases of unusual ectasia and renal pelvic deformity.

Retrograde renal phlebography is important in the differential diagnosis when carcinoma of the renal pelvis is suspected. Vessel cut-offs, differences in contrast density, variations in vessel caliber, and irregular identations of the vessel wall can be seen with this technique. This seems to be the only method of demonstrating varicositites of the renal veins.