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1.
BMC Genomics ; 19(1): 853, 2018 Nov 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30497381

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chemosensation is a critical signalling process for all organisms and is achieved through the interaction between chemosensory receptors and their ligands. The Crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci species complex (COTS), is a predator of coral polyps and Acanthaster cf. solaris is currently considered to be one of the main drivers of coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Australia. RESULTS: This study reveals the presence of putative variant Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) which are differentially expressed in the olfactory organs of COTS. Several other types of G protein-coupled receptors such as adrenergic, metabotropic glutamate, cholecystokinin, trace-amine associated, GRL101 and GPCR52 receptors have also been identified. Several receptors display male-biased expression within the sensory tentacles, indicating possible reproductive significance. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the receptors identified in this study may have a role in reproduction and are therefore key targets for further investigation. Based on their differential expression within the olfactory organs and presence in multiple tissues, it is possible that several of these receptor types have expanded within the Echinoderm lineage. Many are likely to be species-specific with novel ligand-binding affinity and a diverse range of functions. This study is the first to describe the presence of variant Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in any Echinoderm, and is only the second study to investigate chemosensory receptors in any starfish or marine pest. These results represent a significant step forward in understanding the chemosensory abilities of COTS.


Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Órgãos dos Sentidos/metabolismo , Estrelas-do-Mar/genética , Animais , Feminino , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , Filogenia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo
2.
Psychol Med ; 48(8): 1325-1340, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29094675

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A range of endophenotypes characterise psychosis, however there has been limited work understanding if and how they are inter-related. METHODS: This multi-centre study includes 8754 participants: 2212 people with a psychotic disorder, 1487 unaffected relatives of probands, and 5055 healthy controls. We investigated cognition [digit span (N = 3127), block design (N = 5491), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (N = 3543)], electrophysiology [P300 amplitude and latency (N = 1102)], and neuroanatomy [lateral ventricular volume (N = 1721)]. We used linear regression to assess the interrelationships between endophenotypes. RESULTS: The P300 amplitude and latency were not associated (regression coef. -0.06, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.01, p = 0.060), and P300 amplitude was positively associated with block design (coef. 0.19, 95% CI 0.10-0.28, p 0.38). All the cognitive endophenotypes were associated with each other in the expected directions (all p < 0.001). Lastly, the relationships between pairs of endophenotypes were consistent in all three participant groups, differing for some of the cognitive pairings only in the strengths of the relationships. CONCLUSIONS: The P300 amplitude and latency are independent endophenotypes; the former indexing spatial visualisation and working memory, and the latter is hypothesised to index basic processing speed. Individuals with psychotic illnesses, their unaffected relatives, and healthy controls all show similar patterns of associations between endophenotypes, endorsing the theory of a continuum of psychosis liability across the population.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Endofenótipos , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Eletrofisiologia , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Adulto Jovem
3.
Acta Psychiatr Scand ; 133(6): 453-8, 2016 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27084394

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to explore the association of timing of and frequency of meals with markers of cardiometabolic risk in patients with bipolar disorder in out-patient maintenance treatment. METHODS: We used Pittsburgh Sleep Diary and actigraphy measures for individuals with bipolar I disorder. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether dinnertime, instability of dinnertime, and/or interval between meals were associated with metabolic syndrome and its components. RESULTS: Later dinnertime was associated with greater waist circumference (ß = 0.25, P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, sex, dinner-to-bed interval, and sleep duration. Longer breakfast-to-lunch intervals were also associated with greater waist circumferences (ß =-.35, P = .002) after adjusting for age, sex, and sleep duration. Neither instability of dinnertime nor number of meals per day was associated with the metabolic syndrome or its components. CONCLUSION: Weight gain is often perceived as inevitable side-effect of medications. While patients often need to be on medication to function, a more careful lifestyle assessment with attention to social rhythms and timing of activities may be critical not only for mood stability, but also to reduce cardiovascular risk.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Refeições/fisiologia , Actigrafia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Circunferência da Cintura
4.
Acta Neurol Scand ; 131(1): 17-29, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25208759

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive impairment is frequent in children with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), but its aetiology is unknown. MRI scans often reveal no structural brain abnormalities that could explain the cognitive impairment. This does not exclude more subtle morphological abnormalities that can only be detected by automated morphometric techniques. AIMS: With these techniques, we investigate the relationship between cortical brain morphology and cognitive functioning in a cohort of children with FLE and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four children aged 8-13 years with FLE of unknown cause and 41 healthy age-matched controls underwent neuropsychological assessment and structural brain MRI. Patients were grouped as cognitively impaired or unimpaired. Intracranial volume, white matter volume, lobular cortical volume, cortical thickness and volumes of cortex structures were compared between patients and controls, and potential correlations with cognitive status were determined. RESULTS: The group of cognitively impaired children with FLE had significantly smaller left temporal cortex volumes, specifically middle temporal grey matter volume and entorhinal cortex thickness. In addition, cognitively impaired children with FLE had smaller volumes of structures in the left and right frontal cortex, right temporal cortex and the left subcortical area. CONCLUSION: Cognitively impaired children with FLE have smaller volumes of various cortex structures within the frontal lobes and in extra-frontal regions, most notably temporal cortex volumes. These findings might well explain the broad scale of cognitive domains affected in children with FLE complicated by cognitive impairment and highlight that FLE impacts on areas beyond the frontal lobe.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/patologia , Epilepsia do Lobo Frontal/complicações , Epilepsia do Lobo Frontal/patologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos
5.
Acta Neurol Scand ; 129(4): 252-62, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24112290

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive impairment is frequent in children with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). Its etiology remains unknown. With diffusion tensor imaging, we have studied cerebral white matter properties and associations with cognitive functioning in children with FLE and healthy controls. METHODS: Thirty children aged 8-13 years with FLE of unknown cause and 39 healthy age-matched controls underwent neuropsychological assessment, structural and diffusion-weighted brain MRI. Patients were grouped as cognitively impaired or unimpaired, and their white matter diffusion properties were compared with the controls. RESULTS: Children with FLE had reduced apparent diffusion coefficients in various posteriorly located tract bundles, a reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) of the white matter tract between the right frontal and right occipital lobe, and smaller volumes of several collections of interlobar bundle tracts, compared with controls. The cognitively impaired patient group demonstrated significant increases in FA of the white matter of both occipital lobes, a reduced FA of white matter tract bundles between the right frontal and both left occipital lobe and subcortical white matter area, and smaller volumes of two collections of tract bundles connecting the frontal lobe with the temporal and parietal lobes, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Children with FLE had white matter abnormalities mainly in posterior brain regions, not confined to the area of the seizure focus. Cognitively impaired children with FLE showed the most pronounced white matter abnormalities. These possibly reflect disturbed maturation and might be part of the etiology of the cognitive impairment.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Epilepsia do Lobo Frontal/complicações , Leucoencefalopatias/complicações , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Anisotropia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fibras Nervosas Mielinizadas/patologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Pediatria
6.
Cereb Cortex ; 23(8): 1997-2006, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22772649

RESUMO

Many children with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) have significant cognitive comorbidity, for which the underlying mechanism has not yet been unraveled, but is likely related to disturbed cerebral network integrity. Using resting-state fMRI, we investigated whether cerebral network characteristics are associated with epilepsy and cognitive comorbidity. We included 37 children with FLE and 41 healthy age-matched controls. Cognitive performance was determined by means of a computerized visual searching task. A connectivity matrix for 82 cortical and subcortical brain regions was generated for each subject by calculating the inter-regional correlation of the fMRI time signals. From the connectivity matrix, graph metrics were calculated and the anatomical configuration of aberrant connections and modular organization was investigated. Both patients and controls displayed efficiently organized networks. However, FLE patients displayed a higher modularity, implying that subnetworks are less interconnected. Impaired cognition was associated with higher modularity scores and abnormal modular organization of the brain, which was mainly expressed as a decrease in long-range and an increase in interhemispheric connectivity in patients. We showed that network modularity analysis provides a sensitive marker for cognitive impairment in FLE and suggest that abnormally interconnected functional subnetworks of the brain might underlie the cognitive problems in children with FLE.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia do Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Criança , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Epilepsia do Lobo Frontal/complicações , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética
7.
Psychol Med ; 41(2): 263-76, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20102668

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Auditory P50 sensory gating deficits correlate with genetic risk for schizophrenia and constitute a plausible endophenotype for the disease. The well-supported role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes in neurodevelopment and cognition make a strong theoretical case for their influence on the P50 endophenotype. METHOD: The possible role of NRG1, COMT Val158Met and BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphisms on the P50 endophenotype was examined in a large sample consisting of psychotic patients, their unaffected relatives and unrelated healthy controls using linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Although P50 deficits were present in patients and their unaffected relatives, there was no evidence for an association between NRG1, COMT Val158Met or BDNF Val66Met genotypes and the P50 endophenotype. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from our large study suggests that any such association between P50 indices and NRG1, COMT Val158Met or BDNF Val66Met genotypes, if present, must be very subtle.


Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/genética , Endofenótipos , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos/genética , Neuregulina-1/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Transtornos Psicóticos/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
8.
Heliyon ; 7(6): e07313, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34189328

RESUMO

Undigested forage neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) from long-term ruminal in situ incubations are used to estimate indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF). Measurement of iNDF is important in forage evaluation because it defines the potentially digestible pool of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be calibrated to in situ reference sets to rapidly predict uNDF. Our objective was to compare uNDF estimates after 240 h of incubation when two types of bags were used in the in situ reference method. The bags compared were 4 cm × 5 cm Ankom F57 bags (25 micron pore size), and 5 cm × 10 cm Ankom in situ bags (50 micron pore size). Alfalfa samples from Pennsylvania and Wisconsin (n = 144) of different varieties and harvest intervals were used. One-half or two gram samples, respectively, were weighed into the small and large bags in triplicate. Mass to surface area was 0.05 and 0.02 g/cm2 for the small and large bags, respectively. The iNDF content after 240 h incubation was evaluated by two types bags in three rumen-cannulated Holstein cows. Each dried and ground forage was also scanned to determine the visible-near-infrared-reflectance spectra with a FOSS 6500 spectrophotometer. Prediction equations were developed for each bag type using modified partial least square regressions. The estimated iNDF fraction from small and large bags were 13.75% and 9.97%, respectively (SED = 0.39, P < 0.001). The coefficient of determination for calibration (R2), cross-validation (1 - VR), calibration standard deviation (SEC), and interactive authentication standard deviation (SECV) was 0.94, 0.92, 0.85 and 0.98 for values determined with the small bag and 0.88, 0.85, 1.12 and 1.27 for iNDF for values determined with the large bag, respectively. Results indicate that iNDF varies among alfalfa cultivars and NIRS can be used to quickly and quantitatively estimate iNDF content in alfalfa. Bag type influences 240h NDF residues. NIRS predictions of iNDF from the small bag calibration set had higher R2 and lower SEC and SECV than the large bag calibrations.

9.
Neuroimage ; 53(1): 58-64, 2010 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20595014

RESUMO

Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder, including overactivity in anterior limbic structures in response to fearful or happy facial expressions. We investigated whether such anomalies might constitute heritable deviations underlying bipolar disorder, by virtue of being detectable in unaffected relatives carrying genetic liability for illness. Twenty patients with bipolar I disorder, twenty of their unaffected 1st degree relatives and twenty healthy volunteers participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments of facial emotion processing. In one of these experiments, the participants watched faces expressing fear of varying intensities (moderate and high), intermixed with the non-emotional faces, and in another experiment - faces expressing moderate or high degrees of happiness intermixed with non-emotional faces. Repeated measures 2x3x3 ANOVA with emotion (fear and happy), intensity (neutral, moderate, and high) as within-subjects variables and group (patients, relatives, and controls) as between-subjects variable produced two clusters of differential activation, located in medial prefrontal cortex and left putamen. Activity in medial prefrontal cortex was greater in patients and in relatives compared with healthy volunteers in response to both fearful and happy faces. Activity in left putamen in response to moderate fear was greater in patients and in relatives compared with controls. Patients (but not relatives) showed also a greater activation in response to high intensity happy faces, compared with controls. Region of Interest analysis of amygdala activation showed increased activity in left amygdala in both patients and relatives groups in response to intensively happy faces. Exaggerated medial prefrontal cortical and subcortical (putamen and amygdala) responses to emotional signals may represent heritable neurobiological abnormalities underlying bipolar disorder.


Assuntos
Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Emoções , Expressão Facial , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
10.
Psychol Med ; 40(12): 2025-35, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20146832

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Individuals with a history of bipolar disorder demonstrate abnormalities of executive function, even during euthymia. The neural architecture underlying this and its relationship with genetic susceptibility for illness remain unclear. METHOD: We assessed 18 remitted individuals with bipolar disorder, 19 of their unaffected first degree relatives and 19 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a paced verbal fluency task with two levels of difficulty. RESULTS: Bipolar patients made significantly more errors in the easy level of the verbal fluency task than their relatives or controls. Analysis of variance of fMRI data demonstrated a significant main effect of group in a large cluster including retrosplenial cortex and adjacent precuneate cortex (x=7, y=-56, x=15). All three groups showed deactivation in these areas during task performance relative to a neutral or rest condition. Group differences comprised a lesser amount of deactivation in unaffected relatives compared with controls in the easy condition [F(2, 55)=3.42, p=0.04] and in unaffected relatives compared with bipolar patients in the hard condition [F(2, 55)=4.34, p=0.018]. Comparison with the control group indicated that both bipolar patients and their relatives showed similar deficits of deactivation in retrosplenial cortex and reduced activation of left prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar disorder may be associated with an inherited abnormality of a neural network incorporating left prefrontal cortex and bilateral retrosplenial cortex.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Distúrbios da Fala/etiologia , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/complicações , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Comportamento Verbal
11.
Epilepsy Behav ; 19(4): 550-8, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20951651

RESUMO

This review addresses the effect on language function of nocturnal epileptiform EEG discharges and nocturnal epileptic seizures in children. In clinical practice, language impairment is frequently reported in association with nocturnal epileptiform activity. Vice versa, nocturnal epileptiform EEG abnormalities are a common finding in children with specific language impairment. We suggest a spectrum that is characterized by nocturnal epileptiform activity and language impairment ranging from specific language impairment to rolandic epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, electrical status epilepticus of sleep, and Landau-Kleffner syndrome. In this spectrum, children with specific language impairment have the best outcome, and children with electrical status epilepticus of sleep or Landau-Kleffner syndrome, the worst. The exact nature of this relationship and the factors causing this spectrum are unknown. We suggest that nocturnal epileptiform EEG discharges and nocturnal epileptic seizures during development will cause or contribute to diseased neuronal networks involving language. The diseased neuronal networks are less efficient compared with normal neuronal networks. This disorganization may cause language impairments.


Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etiologia , Eletroencefalografia , Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner/complicações , Transtornos da Linguagem/complicações , Estado Epiléptico/complicações , Criança , Humanos , PubMed/estatística & dados numéricos
12.
Psychol Med ; 39(8): 1277-87, 2009 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19250581

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Impaired P300 auditory response has been reported in patients with psychotic bipolar disorder (BPD) and unaffected relatives of psychotic bipolar patients. Deficits in mismatch negativity (MMN), however, have not been observed in bipolar patients. To our knowledge, no family study of MMN in BPD has been reported. The current study combined the Maudsley twin and bipolar family samples using genetic model fitting analyses to: (1) assess the relationship between BPD and MMN, (2) substantiate the association between psychotic BPD and P300 variables, (3) verify the genetic overlap of BPD with P300 amplitude previously reported in the twin sample, and (4) examine the shared genetic influences between BPD and bilateral temporal scalp locations of P300 components. METHOD: A total of 301 subjects were included in this study, including 94 twin pairs, 31 bipolar families, and 39 unrelated healthy controls. Statistical analyses were based on structural equation modelling. RESULTS: Both P300 and MMN are heritable, with heritability estimates of 0.58 for MMN, 0.68-0.80 for P300 amplitude, and 0.21-0.56 for P300 latency. The bipolar patients and their relatives showed normal MMN. No significant association, either genetic or environmental, was found with BPD. BPD was significantly associated with reduced P300 amplitude and prolonged latency on midline and bilateral temporal-posterior scalp areas. Shared genetic factors were the main source of these associations. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm that MMN is not an endophenotype for psychotic BPD whereas P300 amplitude and latency components are valid endophenotypes for psychotic BPD.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Variação Contingente Negativa/genética , Doenças em Gêmeos/genética , Potenciais Evocados P300/genética , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos/genética , Fenótipo , Estimulação Acústica , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Coortes , Doenças em Gêmeos/diagnóstico , Doenças em Gêmeos/fisiopatologia , Doenças em Gêmeos/psicologia , Dominância Cerebral/genética , Dominância Cerebral/fisiologia , Eletrocardiografia , Inglaterra , Potenciais Evocados P300/fisiologia , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Genéticos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Tempo de Reação/genética , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Meio Social , Estatística como Assunto , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/psicologia , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/psicologia
13.
Plant Dis ; 93(3): 317, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30764207

RESUMO

Brown root rot (BRR), caused by the fungal pathogen Phoma sclerotioides G. Preuss ex Sacc. (synonym Plenodomus meliloti Dearn. & G.B. Sanford), is associated with yield loss of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in regions with severe winters (1). In the spring of 2007, 9 to 69 alfalfa plants were collected from each of five production fields in Maine, 10 fields in Ontario, and nine fields in Pennsylvania. All alfalfa stands existed at least two winters. P. sclerotioides was isolated from alfalfa root and crown lesions from five fields in Maine (Penobscot, Somerset and Waldo counties), seven fields from southwestern (Woodstock and Niagara), south-central (Lindsay and Belleville), and southeastern Ontario (near Ottawa), and four fields in Pennsylvania (Columbia, Crawford, and Jefferson counties; 41.1 to 41.6°N). BRR incidence was 9 to 29% in Maine, 5 to 29% in Ontario, and 8 to 22% in Pennsylvania. In Ontario, some lesions girdled the crown; in three fields in Maine, large pycnidia characteristic of P. sclerotioides were present on alfalfa crowns and overwintered stems. On potato dextrose agar, conidia (5 to 8 × 2 to 3 µm, unicellular, hyaline, and ovoid) and pycnidia (0.33 to 1.15 mm in diameter with multiple beaks) of single-conidium isolates were characteristic of P. sclerotioides (2). Diagnostic PCR (3) of isolates resulted in a single amplicon of expected size (500 bp). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8S, and ITS2 of the rDNA were sequenced for 12 representative isolates, and sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. FJ179151 to FJ179162) were 95.5 to 100% identical to P. sclerotioides ATCC isolate 56515 over a 488-bp alignment. Eight months after seeding, potted 'Vernal' alfalfa was inoculated (4), kept at 4°C for 8 weeks, 0 to -2°C for 12 weeks, 4°C for 8 weeks, and 10 to 15°C for 7 weeks. Of 108 plants inoculated with the Maine isolates, 35 developed severe cortical lesions and 16 died. Of 18 plants inoculated with the Ontario isolates, 16 developed severe cortical lesions and eight died. Of 18 plants inoculated with a Pennsylvania isolate, 11 developed severe cortical lesions and five died. Lesions were typical of BRR: light to very dark brown, sometimes with a darker border, and often containing abundant pycnidia. Plant mortality was associated with lesions that girdled the root and crown. Of 18 plants in the control treatment, three developed severe cortical lesions and none died. BRR is common in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, but in eastern Canada it has been reported only in Nova Scotia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BRR in Maine, Ontario, and Pennsylvania and the southernmost report of BRR in eastern North America. References: (1) B. Berkenkamp et al. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:211, 1991. (2) G. H. Boerema et al. Persoonia 15:431, 1994. (3) R. C. Larsen et al. Plant Dis. 86:928, 2002. (4) M. J. Wunsch et al. Plant Dis. 91:1293, 2007.

14.
Sleep Health ; 5(6): 630-638, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31678177

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To reveal sleep health phenotypes in older adults and examine their associations with time to 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal cohorts. SETTING: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures and Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study. PARTICIPANTS: N = 1722 men and women aged ≥65 years matched 1:1 on sociodemographic and clinical measures. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported habitual sleep health characteristics (satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, timing, efficiency, and duration) measured at an initial visit and longitudinal follow-up for mortality. RESULTS: Latent class analysis revealed 3 sleep health phenotypes: (1) heightened sleep propensity (HSP; medium to long duration, high sleepiness, high efficiency/satisfaction; n = 322), (2) average sleep (AS; medium duration, average efficiency, high satisfaction, low sleepiness; n = 1,109), and (3) insomnia with short sleep (ISS; short to medium duration, low efficiency/satisfaction, moderate sleepiness; n = 291). Phenotype predicted time to all-cause mortality (χ2 = 9.4, P = .01), with HSP conferring greater risk than AS (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.48 [1.15-1.92]) or ISS (1.52 [1.07-2.17]), despite ISS reporting the poorest mental and physical health. Although sex did not formally moderate the relationship between phenotype and mortality, subgroup analyses indicated that these findings were driven primarily by women. Phenotype did not predict cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses support the utility of examining multidimensional sleep health profiles by suggesting that the combination of long sleep, high efficiency/satisfaction, and daytime sleepiness-previously identified as independent risk factors-may be components of a single high-risk sleep phenotype, HSP. Further investigation of sex differences and the mechanisms underlying mortality risk associated with HSP is warranted.


Assuntos
Sono , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Causas de Morte/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Fenótipo , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato
15.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 581(1): 27-33, 1979 Nov 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-228747

RESUMO

Desulphoviridin in the oxidized state showed EPR signals around g = 6, consistent with the sirohaem being in the high-spin ferric state. This was unreactive with sulphite, sulphide or cyanide; but readily reduced by methyl viologen. When the enzyme was treated with Na2S2O4 the sirohaem was slowly reduced and a spectrum of a reduced iron-sulphur cluster at g = 2.07, 1.93, 1.91 appeared over the course of an hour. An intermediate in this reaction was indicated by a free radical signal which appeared within seconds and then gradually disappeared. On treatment with nitrite and reduced methyl viologen, the enzyme gave a spectrum of a nitroxide derivative similar to that seen with plant nitrite reductase. The midpoint reduction potential of the haem was estimated to be -310 mV or less. The iron-sulphur cluster has a very low potential, being only reduced in the presence of free Na2S2O4 around -560 mV. Desulphoviridin can be classed with sirohaem-containing iron-sulphur proteins.


Assuntos
Desulfovibrio/enzimologia , Proteínas Ferro-Enxofre , Metaloproteínas , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo Enxofre , Oxirredutases , Sítios de Ligação , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica , Oxirredução , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica
16.
Am J Cardiol ; 57(8): 649-51, 1986 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3953451

RESUMO

Seventy-eight patients with isolated, severe aortic regurgitation (AR) were studied retrospectively to determine the prevalence of angiographically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and its relation to angina pectoris (AP). Angiographically, significant CAD was present in 29 of 78 patients (37%), and 36 patients (46%) had AP. Twenty-one of 36 patients (58%) with AP and 8 of 42 patients (19%) without AP had angiographically significant CAD. AP as a predictor of significant CAD had a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 69% and a risk ratio of 3:1. The predictive accuracy of detecting CAD in the absence of AP was 81%. The benefit from concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting at the time of aortic valve replacement for AR has not been clearly demonstrated; therefore, routine coronary angiography is still recommended for all AR patients older than 40 years undergoing aortic valve replacement.


Assuntos
Angina Pectoris/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Angiocardiografia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
17.
Am J Cardiol ; 57(10): 802-5, 1986 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3962869

RESUMO

Ninety-six consecutive patients older than 40 years with severe mitral stenosis were retrospectively analyzed to determine the relation of angina pectoris (AP) and coexistent coronary artery disease (CAD). Of the 96 patients, 27 (28%) had angiographically significant CAD, 10 (37%) with AP and 17 (63%) without AP. Of the 96 patients, 21 had AP, 10 (48%) with angiographically significant CAD and 11 (52%) without (CAD). Of 75 patients without AP, 17 (23%) had angiographically significant CAD AP had a specificity of 84% and a sensitivity of 37% in its ability to detect significant CAD. The pulmonary artery systolic, diastolic and mean pressures and the pulmonary vascular resistance did not differ between patients with and those without AP (p greater than 0.05). It is concluded that coexistent CAD is commonly found in patients older than age 40 with severe MS, and is usually clinically silent.


Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/complicações , Angina Pectoris/fisiopatologia , Angiocardiografia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estenose da Valva Mitral/complicações
18.
Am J Cardiol ; 55(8): 1063-5, 1985 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3984868

RESUMO

One hundred three patients with isolated, severe aortic stenosis (AS) were retrospectively analyzed to determine the relation of angina pectoris to angiographically significant coronary artery disease (CAD). All patients underwent coronary angiography regardless of the presence or absence of angina. Angina was significantly associated with CAD (p less than 0.002), with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 53%. However, 25% of the patients without angina had angiographically significant CAD, and in these patients there was a 70% prevalence of 1-vessel disease. Patients with isolated, severe AS should undergo coronary angiography to identify coexistent CAD accurately. The absence of angina does not reliably exclude angiographically significant CAD.


Assuntos
Angina Pectoris/complicações , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
19.
Chest ; 96(5): 1203-5, 1989 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2805854

RESUMO

While cocaine-induced myocardial infarction has been frequently documented, the differential diagnosis of chest pain should include aortic pathology. The successful management of acute aortic dissection secondary to cocaine abuse has not been previously reported to our knowledge. In a 45-year-old man who presented with typical chest pain and wide mediastinum, the successful management of this disease included early and accurate diagnosis and replacement of the aortic valve as well as the torn portion of the ascending aorta.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Aórtico/induzido quimicamente , Dissecção Aórtica/induzido quimicamente , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
20.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 64(5): 1484-6, 1997 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9386735

RESUMO

A 58-year-old man with left main and right coronary artery disease requiring preoperative intraaortic balloon pumping underwent successful minimally invasive triple coronary bypass through bilateral parasternal incisions. Despite taking immunosuppressive drugs because of a previous liver transplantation, the patient had all-arterial grafts without sternotomy. He was discharged on the fourth postoperative day, returned to work in 4 weeks, and has a negative thallium stress test.


Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Esterno/cirurgia , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos
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