Understanding Physicians' and Nurses' Adaption of National-Leading Patient Safety Culture Policy: A Qualitative Study in Tertiary and General Hospitals in Korea.

BACKGROUND: In Korea, the safety culture is led by national policy. How the policy ensures a patient safety culture needs to be investigated. This study aimed to examine the way in which physicians and nurses regard, understand, or interpret the patient safety-related policy in the hospital setting. METHODS: In this qualitative study, we conducted four focus group interviews (FGIs) with 25 physicians and nurses from tertiary and general hospitals in South Korea. FGIs data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which was conducted in an inductive and interpretative way. RESULTS: Three themes were identified. The healthcare providers recognized its benefits in the forms of knowledge, information and training at least although the policy implemented by the law forcibly and temporarily. The second theme was about the interaction of the policy and the Korean context of healthcare, which makes a "turning point" in the safety culture. The final theme was about some strains and conflicts resulting from patient safety policy. CONCLUSION: To provide a patient safety culture, it is necessary to develop a plan to improve the voluntary participation of healthcare professionals and their commitment to safety. Hospitals should provide more resources and support for healthcare professionals.

Comparative Effects of 4 Single-Leg Squat Exercises in Subjects With Gluteus Medius Weakness.

CONTEXT: Of the weight-bearing exercises, single-leg squats (SLSs) represent one of the most commonly used hip-strengthening exercises that require more gluteus medius (GMED) activity. To date, no studies have investigated how the 4 SLS exercises affect muscle imbalance of GMED, tensor fasciae latae (TFL), and adductor longus (AL), and kinematics of hip. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hip muscle activities, onset time, and kinematics during 4 different SLS exercises (unilateral squat, unilateral wall-squat [UWS], lateral step-down, and front step-down) in subjects with GMED weakness. DESIGN: Repeated-measures experimental design. SETTING: Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two subjects (11 males and 11 females) participated in this study and were compared using 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activities and onset time of the GMED, TFL, and AL, and 3-dimensional motion tracking system was used to measure the hip adduction and internal/external rotation angles during SLS exercises. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used at a significance level of P < .05. RESULTS: The UWS produced higher GMED/TFL activity ratio and lower GMED/TFL onset time ratio than in the other 3 exercises (P < .05). No difference in GMED/AL activity ratio and GMED/AL onset time ratio was observed. The hip adduction angle was greater in UWS than in the other 3 exercises (P < .05). As for the hip internal/external rotation, lateral step-down exhibited higher hip internal rotation angle than front step-down (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The UWS may be recommended as an effective exercise for the subjects with GMED weakness, but they should take care to avoid excessive hip adduction during the exercise.