RESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) following liver transplantation (LT) negatively impacts graft and patient outcomes. Previously we reported that the liver graft assessment following transplantation (L-GrAFT7) risk score was superior to binary EAD or the model for early allograft function (MEAF) score for estimating 3-month graft failure-free survival in a single-center derivation cohort. Herein, we sought to externally validate L-GrAFT7, and compare its prognostic performance to EAD and MEAF. METHODS: Accuracies of L-GrAFT7, EAD, and MEAF were compared in a 3-center US validation cohort (n = 3,201), and a Consortium for Organ Preservation in Europe (COPE) normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) trial cohort (n = 222); characteristics were compared to assess generalizability. RESULTS: Compared to the derivation cohort, patients in the validation and NMP trial cohort had lower recipient median MELD scores; were less likely to require pretransplant hospitalization, renal replacement therapy or mechanical ventilation; and had superior 1-year overall (90% and 95% vs. 84%) and graft failure-free (88% and 93% vs. 81%) survival, with a lower incidence of 3-month graft failure (7.4% and 4.0% vs. 11.1%; p <0.001 for all comparisons). Despite significant differences in cohort characteristics, L-GrAFT7 maintained an excellent validation AUROC of 0.78, significantly superior to binary EAD (AUROC 0.68, p = 0.001) and MEAF scores (AUROC 0.72, p <0.001). In post hoc analysis of the COPE NMP trial, the highest tertile of L-GrAFT7 was significantly associated with time to liver allograft (hazard ratio [HR] 2.17, p = 0.016), Clavien ≥IIIB (HR 2.60, p = 0.034) and ≥IVa (HR 4.99, p = 0.011) complications; post-LT length of hospitalization (p = 0.002); and renal replacement therapy (odds ratio 3.62, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: We have validated the L-GrAFT7 risk score as a generalizable, highly accurate, individualized risk assessment of 3-month liver allograft failure that is superior to existing scores. L-GrAFT7 may standardize grading of early hepatic allograft function and serve as a clinical endpoint in translational studies (www.lgraft.com). LAY SUMMARY: Early allograft dysfunction negatively affects outcomes following liver transplantation. In independent multicenter US and European cohorts totaling 3,423 patients undergoing liver transplantation, the liver graft assessment following transplantation (L-GrAFT) risk score is validated as a superior measure of early allograft function that accurately discriminates 3-month graft failure-free survival and post-liver transplantation complications.
Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto , Medição de Risco , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Transplante de Fígado/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto/diagnóstico , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto/epidemiologia , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto/terapia , Prognóstico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/diagnóstico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/epidemiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/terapia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco/métodos , Medição de Risco/normas , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes of endovascular treatment of aortic coarctation in adults. METHODS: Clinical data and imaging studies of 93 consecutive patients treated at nine institutions from 1999 to 2015 were reviewed. We included newly diagnosed aortic coarctation (NCO), recurrent coarctation, and aneurysmal/pseudoaneurysmal degeneration (ANE) after prior open surgical repair (OSR) of coarctation. Primary end points were morbidity and mortality. Secondary end points were stent patency and freedom from reintervention. RESULTS: There were 54 (58%) male and 39 (42%) female patients with a mean age of 44 ± 17 years. Thirty-two patients had NCO (mean age, 48 ± 16 years) and 61 had endovascular reinterventions after prior OSR during childhood (mean, 30 ± 17 years after initial repair), including 50 patients (54%) with recurrent coarctation and 11 (12%) with ANE. Clinical presentation included asymptomatic in 31 patients (33%), difficult to control hypertension in 42 (45%), and lower extremity claudication in 20 (22%). Endovascular treatment was performed using balloon-expandable covered stents in 47 (51%) patients, stent grafts in 36 (39%) patients, balloon-expandable uncovered stents in 9 (10%) patients, and primary angioplasty in 1 (1%) patient. Mean lesion length and diameter were 64.5 ± 50.6 mm and 19.5 ± 6.7 mm, respectively. Mean systolic pressure gradient decreased from 24.0 ± 17.5 mm Hg to 4.4 ± 7.4 mm Hg after treatment (P < .001). Complications occurred in nine (10%) patients, including aortic dissections in three (3%) patients and intraoperative ruptures in two patients; type IA endoleak, renal embolus, spinal headache, and access site hemorrhage occurred in one patient each. The aortic dissections and ruptures were treated successfully by deploying an additional covered stent proximal to the site of dissection or rupture. Two patients died within 30 days of the index procedure. After a mean follow-up of 3.2 ± 3.1 years, nearly all patients (98%) were clinically improved and all stents were patent. Reintervention was needed in 10 (11%) patients. Freedom from reintervention at 5 years was 85%. Two additional patients died during follow-up of coarctation-related causes, including rupture of an infected graft and visceral ischemia. Patient survival at 5 years was 89%. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair is effective with an acceptable safety profile in the treatment of NCO and postsurgical complications of coarctation after initial OSR. Aortic rupture is an infrequent (2%) but devastating complication with high mortality. Balloon-expandable covered stents are preferred for NCO, whereas stent grafts are used for ANE. The rate of reinterventions is acceptable, with high procedural and long-term clinical success.
Assuntos
Angioplastia com Balão , Coartação Aórtica/terapia , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Adulto , Idoso , Angioplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Angioplastia com Balão/mortalidade , Coartação Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Coartação Aórtica/mortalidade , Coartação Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Prótese Vascular , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/instrumentação , Implante de Prótese Vascular/mortalidade , Feminino , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/etiologia , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/fisiopatologia , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Recidiva , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Stents , Fatores de Tempo , Grau de Desobstrução Vascular , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: With the rising prevalence of alcoholism, obesity and metabolic syndrome, steatohepatitis will become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States by 2025. Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease have similar clinical and histopathological presentations, whether these similarities persist in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease patients with hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknown. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical features of adult patients from a large transplant center who underwent liver transplantation for steatohepatitis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic causes (alcoholic liver disease) between 1/1/02 and 1/1/12 was performed. Clinical features, explant histopathology, and clinical outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Hepatocellular carcinoma was present in 80 of 317 patients, who underwent liver transplantation for steatohepatitis with equivalent distribution in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease patients (24% vs 26%; P = 0.8). On multivariate analysis, significant predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma included age, ethnicity (Hispanic), and diabetes, but not BMI, hypertension or smoking. A lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with a clinical history of hyperlipidemia. Clinical parameters were similar between patients with alcoholic liver disease - hepatocellular carcinoma and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma, except sex and presence of metabolic syndrome. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma livers retained histopathological features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis such as ballooning and Mallory bodies, while alcoholic liver disease-hepatocellular carcinoma livers did not. There were no significant differences in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence rates or post-transplant overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: We report the largest single-center study evaluating clinical, histopathological and outcome measures of patients undergoing liver transplantation for steatohepatitis. Older patients, diabetics, and Hispanics may warrant more frequent cancer screening due to increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/epidemiologia , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/diagnóstico , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/mortalidade , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/cirurgia , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/diagnóstico , Hiperlipidemias/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Transplante de Fígado , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/mortalidade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/cirurgia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas (HCC-CCAs) are rare tumors with both hepatocellular and biliary differentiation. While liver transplantation (LT) is the gold standard treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is contraindicated in known HCC-CCA because of concerns of poor prognosis. We sought to compare posttransplant oncologic outcomes for HCC-CCA and a matched cohort of HCC LT recipients. A retrospective, single-center analysis (1984-2015) identified 12 patients with mixed HCC-CCA who were matched 1:3 to patients with HCC on both pretransplant (radiologic diameter and alpha-fetoprotein) and explant (pathologic diameter, grade/differentiation, and vascular invasion) tumor characteristics. Compared with HCC patients matched on pretransplant characteristics (n = 36), HCC-CCA had higher explant tumor grade, more poorly differentiated tumors, but similar T stage and vascular invasion. HCC-CCA recipients trended toward inferior recurrence-free survival at 5 years (28% versus 61%; P = 0.12) and greater recurrence (HCC-CCA: 50%, median time to recurrence 297 days versus HCC: 22%, median time to recurrence 347 days; P = 0.07). However, when matched to a separate HCC cohort with similar explant pathology, HCC-CCA had similar 5-year recurrence-free survival (42% versus 44%; P = 0.45) and posttransplant recurrence (50% versus 27%; P = 0.13). All 6 HCC-CCA recurrences occurred with poorly differentiated tumors (median survival 21.3 months), without a single recurrence in 5 of the 12 HCC-CCA patients with well-moderately differentiated tumors (median survival 60.2 months). Mixed HCC-CCA tumors are more likely poorly differentiated tumors compared with HCC with similar pretransplant characteristics. However, compared with HCC with similar pathologic characteristics, they display similar recurrence-free survival and are not inherently more aggressive tumors. Low-grade, well-moderately differentiated HCC-CCAs have excellent survival with a low risk for post-LT recurrence, and they should not be excluded from LT. Improved pretransplant identification of pathologic characteristics in HCC-CCA may allow for successful utilization of LT in this subset of patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Colangiocarcinoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Complexas Mistas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/patologia , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/cirurgia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Colangiocarcinoma/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Complexas Mistas/patologia , Seleção de Pacientes , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate predictors of mortality and impact of treatment in patients developing recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following liver transplantation (LT). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite well-described clinicopathologic predictors of posttransplant HCC recurrence, data on prognosis following recurrence are scarce. METHODS: Multivariate predictors of mortality following HCC recurrence were identified to develop a risk score model to stratify prognostic subgroups among 106 patients developing posttransplant recurrence from 1984 to 2014, including analysis of recurrence treatment modality on survival. RESULTS: Of 857 patients undergoing LT, 106 (12.4%) developed posttransplant HCC recurrence (median 15.8 months following LT) with a median post-recurrence survival of 10.6 months. Patients receiving surgical therapy (n = 25) had a median survival of 27.8 months, significantly superior to patients receiving nonsurgical therapy (10.6 months) and best supportive care (3.7 months, P < 0.001). Multivariate predictors of mortality following recurrence included model for end-stage liver disease at LT >23, time to recurrence, >3 recurrent nodules, maximum recurrence size, bone recurrence, alphafetoprotein at recurrence, donor serum sodium, and pretransplant recipient neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. A risk score model based on multivariate predictors accurately stratified recurrent HCC patients into prognostic subgroups, with low-risk patients (<10 points) demonstrating excellent median survival of 70.6 months, significantly superior to the medium-risk (12.2 months, 10-16 points) and high-risk (3.4 months, >16 points) groups (C-statistic 0.75, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the largest single-center report of recurrent HCC following LT, surgical treatment in well-selected patients is associated with significantly improved survival and should be pursued. A risk score model accurately stratifies prognostic subgroups, and may help guide treatment strategies.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of pretransplant bridging locoregional therapy (LRT) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and survival after liver transplantation (LT) in patients meeting Milan criteria (MC). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pre-LT LRT mitigates tumor progression and waitlist dropout in HCC patients within MC, but data on its impact on post-LT recurrence and survival remain limited. METHODS: Recurrence-free survival and post-LT recurrence were compared among 3601 MC patients with and without bridging LRT utilizing competing risk Cox regression in consecutive patients from 20 US centers (2002-2013). RESULTS: Compared with 747 LT recipients not receiving LRT, 2854 receiving LRT had similar 1, 3, and 5-year recurrence-free survival (89%, 77%, 68% vs 85%, 75%, 68%; P = 0.490) and 5-year post-LT recurrence (11.2% vs 10.1%; P = 0.474). Increasing LRT number [3 LRTs: hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, P < 0.001; 4+ LRTs: HR 2.5, P < 0.001), and unfavorable waitlist alphafetoprotein trend significantly predicted post-LT recurrence, whereas LRT modality did not. Treated patients achieving complete pathologic response (cPR) had superior 5-year RFS (72%) and lower post-LT recurrence (HR 0.52, P < 0.001) compared with both untreated patients (69%; P = 0.010; HR 1.0) and treated patients not achieving cPR (67%; P = 0.010; HR 1.31, P = 0.039), who demonstrated increased recurrence compared with untreated patients in multivariate analysis controlling for pretransplant and pathologic factors (HR 1.32, P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Bridging LRT in HCC patients within MC does not improve post-LT survival or HCC recurrence in the majority of patients who fail to achieve cPR. The need for increasing LRT treatments and lack of alphafetoprotein response to LRT independently predict post-LT recurrence, serving as a surrogate for underlying tumor biology which can be utilized for prioritization of HCC LT candidates.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Ablação , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Terapia Combinada , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of this article is to evaluate the utility of preoperative needle biopsy (PNB) grading of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a biomarker for liver transplantation (LT) candidate selection. Given the prognostic significance of HCC tumor grade, PNB grading has been proposed as a biomarker for LT candidate selection. Clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC LT recipients (1989-2014) with a PNB were analyzed, and the concordance of PNB grade to explant grade and vascular invasion was assessed to determine whether incorporation of PNB grade to accepted transplant criteria improved candidate selection. Of 965 patients undergoing LT for HCC, 234 (24%) underwent PNB at a median of 280 days prior to transplant. Grade by PNB had poor concordance to final explant pathology (κ = 0.22; P = 0.003), and low sensitivity (29%) and positive predictive value (35%) in identifying poorly differentiated tumors. Vascular invasion was predicted by explant pathologic grade (rs= 0.24; P < 0.001) but not PNB grade (rs = -0.05; P = 0.50). Increasing explant pathology grade (P = 0.02), but not PNB grade (P = 0.65), discriminated post-LT HCC recurrence risk. The incorporation of PNB grade to the established radiologic Milan criteria (MC) did not result in improved prognostication of post-LT recurrence (net reclassification index [NRI] = 0%), whereas grade by explant pathology resulted in significantly improved reclassification of risk (NRI = 19%). Preoperative determination of HCC grade by PNB has low concordance with explant pathologic grade and low sensitivity and positive predictive value in identifying poorly differentiated tumors. PNB grade did not accurately discriminate post-LT HCC recurrence and had no utility in improving prognostication compared with the MC alone. Incorporation of PNB to guide transplant candidate selection appears unjustified. Liver Transplantation 23 1123-1132 2017 AASLD.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Transplante de Fígado/normas , Fígado/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Seleção de Pacientes , Idoso , Biópsia por Agulha , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Fígado/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The durability of cryopreserved allograft has been previously demonstrated in the setting of infection. The objective of this study was to examine the safety, efficacy, patency, and cost per day of graft patency associated with using cryopreserved allograft (vein and artery) for hemodialysis access in patients with no autogenous tissue for native fistula creation and with arteriovenous graft infection or in patients at high risk for infection. METHODS: Patients implanted with cryopreserved allograft for hemodialysis access between January 2004 and January 2014 were reviewed using a standardized, multi-institutional database that evaluated demographic, comorbidity, procedural, and outcomes data. RESULTS: There were 457 patients who underwent placement of cryopreserved vein (femoral: n = 337, saphenous: n = 11) or artery (femoral: n = 109) for hemodialysis access at 20 hospitals. Primary indications for allograft use included high risk of infection in 191 patients (42%), history of infected prosthetic graft in 169 (37%), and current infection in 97 (21%). Grafts were placed more frequently in the arm (78%) than in the groin, with no difference in allograft conduit used. Mean time from placement to first hemodialysis use was 46 days (median, 34 days). Duration of functional graft use was 40 ± 7 months for cryopreserved vein and 21 ± 8 months for cryopreserved artery (P < .05), and mean number of procedures required to maintain patency at follow-up of 58 ± 21 months was 1.6 for artery and 0.9 for vein (P < .05). Local access complications occurred in 32% of patients and included late thrombosis (14%), graft stenosis (9%), late infection (9%), arteriovenous access malfunction (7%), early thrombosis (3%), and early infection (3%). Early and late infections both occurred more frequently in the groin (P = .030, P = .017, respectively), and late thrombosis occurred more frequently with cryopreserved artery (P < .001). Of the 82 patients (18%) in whom the cryopreserved allograft was placed in the same location as the excised infected prosthetic graft, 13 had infection of the allograft during the study period (early: n = 4; late: n = 9), with no significant difference in infection rate (P = .312) compared with the remainder of the study population. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year primary patency was 58%, 35%, and 17% for cryopreserved femoral vein and 49%, 17%, and 8% for artery, respectively (P < .001). Secondary patency at 1, 3, and 5 years was 90%, 78%, and 58% for cryopreserved femoral vein and 75%, 53%, and 42% for artery, respectively (P < .001). Mean allograft fee per day of graft patency was $4.78 for cryopreserved vein and $6.97 for artery (P < .05), excluding interventional costs to maintain patency. CONCLUSIONS: Cryopreserved allograft provides an excellent conduit for angioaccess when autogenous tissue is not available in patients with current or past conduit infection. Cryopreserved vein was associated with higher patency and a lower cost per day of graft patency. Cryopreserved allograft allows for immediate reconstruction through areas of infection, reduces the need for staged procedures, and allows early use for dialysis.
Assuntos
Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/instrumentação , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/instrumentação , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Criopreservação , Veia Femoral/transplante , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/cirurgia , Diálise Renal , Veia Safena/transplante , Idoso , Aloenxertos , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/economia , Prótese Vascular/economia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/economia , Criopreservação/economia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Artéria Femoral/transplante , Veia Femoral/fisiopatologia , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/etiologia , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/fisiopatologia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/economia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Diálise Renal/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Veia Safena/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Isolated dissection of the mesenteric vessels is rare but increasingly recognized. This study aimed to evaluate patient characteristics, primary treatment, and subsequent outcomes of mesenteric dissection using multi-institutional data. METHODS: All patients at participant hospitals between January 2003 and December 2015 with dissection of the celiac artery (or its branches) or dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were included. Patients with an aortic dissection were excluded. Demographic, treatment, and follow-up data were collected. The primary outcomes included late vessel thrombosis (LVT) and aneurysmal degeneration (AD). RESULTS: Twelve institutions identified 227 patients (220 with complete treatment records) with a mean age of 55 ± 12.5 years. Median time to last follow up was 15 months (interquartile range, 3.8-32). Most patients were men (82% vs 18% women) and symptomatic at presentation (162 vs 65 asymptomatic). Isolated SMA dissection was more common than celiac artery dissection (n = 158 and 81, respectively). Concomitant dissection of both arteries was rare (n = 12). The mean dissection length was significantly longer in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients in both the celiac artery (27 vs 18 mm; P = .01) and the SMA (64 vs 40 mm; P < .001). Primary treatment was medical in 146 patients with oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy (n = 76 and 70, respectively), whereas 56 patients were observed. LVT occurred in six patients, and 16 patients developed AD (3% and 8%, respectively). For symptomatic patients without evidence of ischemia (n = 134), there was no difference in occurrence of LVT with medical therapy compared with observation alone (9% vs 0%; P = .35). No asymptomatic patient (n = 64) had an episode of LVT at 5 years. AD rates did not differ among symptomatic patients without ischemia treated with medical therapy or observed (9% vs 5%; P = .95). Surgical or endovascular intervention was performed in 18 patients (3 ischemia, 13 pain, 1 AD, 1 asymptomatic). Excluding the patients treated for ischemia, there was no difference in LVT with surgical intervention vs medical management (one vs five; P = .57). CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic patients with isolated mesenteric artery dissection may be observed and followed up with intermittent imaging. Symptomatic patients tend to have longer dissections than asymptomatic patients. Symptomatic isolated mesenteric artery dissection without evidence of ischemia does not require anticoagulation and may be treated with antiplatelet therapy or observation alone.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Dissecção Aórtica/terapia , Artéria Celíaca , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Artéria Mesentérica Superior , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Conduta Expectante , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Dissecção Aórtica/complicações , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Doenças Assintomáticas , Artéria Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Celíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Artéria Celíaca/cirurgia , Progressão da Doença , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Artéria Mesentérica Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Mesentérica Superior/efeitos dos fármacos , Artéria Mesentérica Superior/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Trombose/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adventitial cystic disease (ACD) is an unusual arteriopathy; case reports and small series constitute the available literature regarding treatment. We sought to examine the presentation, contemporary management, and long-term outcomes using a multi-institutional database. METHODS: Using a standardized database, 14 institutions retrospectively collected demographics, comorbidities, presentation/symptoms, imaging, treatment, and follow-up data on consecutive patients treated for ACD during a 10-year period, using Society for Vascular Surgery reporting standards for limb ischemia. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed comparing treatment methods and factors associated with recurrent intervention. Life-table analysis was performed to estimate the freedom from reintervention in comparing the various treatment modalities. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients (32 men, 15 women; mean age, 43 years) were identified with ACD involving the popliteal artery (n = 41), radial artery (n = 3), superficial/common femoral artery (n = 2), and common femoral vein (n = 1). Lower extremity claudication was seen in 93% of ACD of the leg arteries, whereas patients with upper extremity ACD had hand or arm pain. Preoperative diagnosis was made in 88% of patients, primarily using cross-sectional imaging of the lower extremity; mean lower extremity ankle-brachial index was 0.71 in the affected limb. Forty-one patients with lower extremity ACD underwent operative repair (resection with interposition graft, 21 patients; cyst resection, 13 patients; cyst resection with bypass graft, 5 patients; cyst resection with patch, 2 patients). Two patients with upper extremity ACD underwent cyst drainage without resection or arterial reconstruction. Complications, including graft infection, thrombosis, hematoma, and wound dehiscence, occurred in 12% of patients. Mean lower extremity ankle-brachial index at 3 months postoperatively improved to 1.07 (P < .001), with an overall mean follow-up of 20 months (range, 0.33-9 years). Eight patients (18%) with lower extremity arterial ACD required reintervention (redo cyst resection, one; thrombectomy, three; redo bypass, one; balloon angioplasty, three) after a mean of 70 days with symptom relief in 88%. Lower extremity patients who underwent cyst resection and interposition or bypass graft were less likely to require reintervention (P = .04). One patient with lower extremity ACD required an above-knee amputation for extensive tissue loss. CONCLUSIONS: This multi-institutional, contemporary experience of ACD examines the treatment and outcomes of ACD. The majority of patients can be identified preoperatively; surgical repair, consisting of cyst excision with arterial reconstruction or bypass alone, provides the best long-term symptomatic relief and reduced need for intervention to maintain patency.
Assuntos
Túnica Adventícia/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Cistos/terapia , Artéria Femoral/cirurgia , Claudicação Intermitente/terapia , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Artéria Poplítea/cirurgia , Artéria Radial/cirurgia , Adulto , Túnica Adventícia/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Amputação Cirúrgica , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Cistos/diagnóstico , Cistos/fisiopatologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Drenagem , Feminino , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Femoral/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Claudicação Intermitente/diagnóstico , Claudicação Intermitente/fisiopatologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Tábuas de Vida , Salvamento de Membro , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Artéria Poplítea/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Poplítea/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Artéria Radial/diagnóstico por imagem , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the medical and surgical management and outcomes of patients with aortic endograft infection after abdominal endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with infected aortic endografts after EVAR/TEVAR between January 1, 2004, and January 1, 2014, were reviewed using a standardized, multi-institutional database. Demographic, comorbidity, medical management, surgical, and outcomes data were included. RESULTS: An aortic endograft infection was diagnosed in 206 patients (EVAR, n = 180; TEVAR, n = 26) at a mean 22 months after implant. Clinical findings at presentation included pain (66%), fever/chills (66%), and aortic fistula (27%). Ultimately, 197 patients underwent surgical management after a mean of 153 days. In situ aortic replacement was performed in 186 patients (90%) using cryopreserved allograft in 54, neoaortoiliac system in 21, prosthetic in 111 (83% soaked in antibiotic), and 11 patients underwent axillary-(bi)femoral bypass. Graft cultures were primarily polymicrobial (35%) and gram-positive (22%). Mean hospital length of stay was 23 days, with perioperative 30-day morbidity of 35% and mortality of 11%. Of the nine patients managed only medically, four of five TEVAR patients died after mean of 56 days and two of four EVAR patients died; both deaths were graft-related (mean follow-up, 4 months). Nineteen replacement grafts were explanted after a mean of 540 days and were most commonly associated with prosthetic graft material not soaked in antibiotic and extra-anatomic bypass. Mean follow-up was 21 months, with life-table survival of 70%, 65%, 61%, 56%, and 51% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic endograft infection can be eradicated by excision and in situ or extra-anatomic replacement but is often associated with early postoperative morbidity and mortality and occasionally with a need for late removal for reinfection. Prosthetic graft replacement after explanation is associated with higher reinfection and graft-related complications and decreased survival compared with autogenous reconstruction.
Assuntos
Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Remoção de Dispositivo , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/terapia , Stents/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aorta Abdominal/microbiologia , Aorta Torácica/microbiologia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/instrumentação , Implante de Prótese Vascular/mortalidade , Bases de Dados Factuais , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/mortalidade , Recidiva , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the rate, effect, and predictive factors of a complete pathologic response (cPR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing locoregional therapy (LRT) before liver transplantation (LT). BACKGROUND: Eligible patients with HCC receive equal model for end-stage liver disease prioritization, despite variable risks of tumor progression, waitlist dropout, and posttransplant recurrence. Pretransplant LRT mitigates these risks by inducing tumor necrosis. METHODS: Comparisons were made among HCC recipients with cPR (n = 126) and without cPR (n = 375) receiving pre-LT LRT (1994-2013). Multivariable predictors of cPR were identified. RESULTS: Of 501 patients, 272, 148, and 81 received 1, 2, and 3 or more LRT treatments. The overall, recurrence-free, and disease-specific survival at 1-, 3-, and 5 years was 86%, 71%, 63%; 84%, 67%, 60%; and 97%, 90%, 87%. Compared with recipients without cPR, cPR patients had significantly lower laboratory model for end-stage liver disease scores, pretransplant alpha fetoprotein, and cumulative tumor diameters; were more likely to have 1 lesion, tumors within Milan/University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) criteria, LRT that included ablation, and a favorable tumor response to LRT; and had superior 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence-free survival (92%, 79%, and 73% vs 81%, 63%, and 56%; P = 0.006) and disease-specific survival (100%, 100%, and 99% vs 96%, 89%, and 86%; P < 0.001) with only 1 cancer-specific death and fewer recurrences (2.4% vs 15.2%; P < 0.001). Multivariate predictors of cPR included a favorable post-LRT radiologic/alpha fetoprotein tumor response, longer time interval from LRT to LT, and lower model for end-stage liver disease score and maximum tumor diameter (C-statistic 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Achieving cPR in patients with HCC receiving LRT strongly predicts tumor-free survival. Factors predicting cPR are identified, allowing for differential prioritization of HCC recipients based on their variable risks of post-LT recurrence. Improving LRT strategies to maximize cPR would enhance posttransplant cancer outcomes.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia por Agulha , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Rejeição de Enxerto , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) are rare, with little known about their natural history and growth rate or their optimal management. The specific objectives of this study were to (1) define the clinical features of RAAs, including the precise growth rate and risk of rupture, (2) examine the current management and outcomes of RAA treatment using existing guidelines, and (3) examine the appropriateness of current criteria for repair of asymptomatic RAAs. METHODS: A standardized, multi-institutional approach was used to evaluate patients with RAAs at institutions from all regions of the United States. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, aneurysm imaging, conservative and operative management, postoperative complications, and follow-up data were collected. RESULTS: A total of 865 RAAs in 760 patients were identified at 16 institutions. Of these, 75% were asymptomatic; symptomatic patients had difficult-to-control hypertension (10%), flank pain (6%), hematuria (4%), and abdominal pain (2%). The RAAs had a mean maximum diameter of 1.5 ± 0.1 cm. Most were unilateral (96%), on the right side (61%), saccular (87%), and calcified (56%). Elective repair was performed in 213 patients with 241 RAAs, usually for symptoms or size >2 cm; the remaining 547 patients with 624 RAAs were observed. Major operative complications occurred in 10%, including multisystem organ failure, myocardial infarction, and renal failure requiring dialysis. RAA repair for difficult-to-control hypertension cured 32% of patients and improved it in 26%. Three patients had ruptured RAA; all were transferred from other hospitals and underwent emergency repair, with no deaths. Conservatively treated patients were monitored for a mean of 49 months, with no acute complications. Aneurysm growth rate was 0.086 cm/y, with no difference between calcified and noncalcified aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: This large, contemporary, multi-institutional study demonstrated that asymptomatic RAAs rarely rupture (even when >2 cm), growth rate is 0.086 ± 0.08 cm/y, and calcification does not protect against enlargement. RAA open repair is associated with significant minor morbidity, but rarely a major morbidity or mortality. Aneurysm repair cured or improved hypertension in >50% of patients whose RAA was identified during the workup for difficult-to-control hypertension.
Assuntos
Aneurisma/cirurgia , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/epidemiologia , Aneurisma/fisiopatologia , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Doenças Assintomáticas , Criança , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Renovascular/epidemiologia , Hipertensão Renovascular/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Artéria Renal/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico , Calcificação Vascular/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/normas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Most studies recommend repair of renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) >2 cm in diameter in asymptomatic patients, but other studies have suggested that their natural history may be more benign. We hypothesized that rupture and death in patients with asymptomatic RAAs is low and that current recommendations for RAA treatment at 2 cm may be too aggressive. METHODS: Retrospective review of all RAAs treated at a tertiary care medical center from 2002 to 2012. RESULTS: Fifty-nine RAA were identified in 40 patients (mean age at diagnosis, 56 years; male:female ratio, 17:23); 31 were saccular, 8 were fusiform, and 5 were bilobed. Twenty-nine patients were asymptomatic; the remainder of patients presented with hematuria (n = 4), abdominal pain (n = 3), difficult-to-control hypertension (n = 3), or flank pain (n = 2). Aneurysm location included the main renal artery bifurcation (n = 35), main trunk (n = 7), primary branch (n = 6), pole artery (n = 6), and secondary branch (n = 1). Operative management of RAAs included vein patch (n = 6), prosthetic patch (n = 4), primary repair (n = 3), plication (n = 1), patch and implantation (n = 1), and ex vivo repair (n = 1). Eight asymptomatic RAAs were treated surgically (mean RAA diameter = 2.4 ± 0.1 cm, range, 2-3 cm), with the remaining 33 asymptomatic RAAs being managed conservatively (mean RAA diameter = 1.4 ± 0.1 cm, range, 0.6-2.6 cm). Mean hospital length of stay was 4 days, with no late postoperative complications and 0% mortality. Non-operated patients were followed for a mean of 36 ± 9 months, with no late acute complications and 0% mortality. Mean RAA growth rate of patients with multiple imaging studies was 0.60 ± 0.16 mm/y. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of aneurysm rupture and death in our untreated RAA patients is zero, the growth rate is 0.60 ± 0.16 mm/y, and there were no adverse outcomes in asymptomatic RAAs >2 cm that were observed. We may currently be too aggressive in treating asymptomatic RAAs.
Assuntos
Aneurisma/terapia , Seleção de Pacientes , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Desnecessários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Aneurisma/complicações , Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/mortalidade , Aneurisma Roto/etiologia , Doenças Assintomáticas , Comorbidade , Feminino , Dor no Flanco/etiologia , Hematúria/etiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Los Angeles , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Desnecessários/normas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/normasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have combined anastomotic, catheter-induced, and atherosclerotic isolated femoral artery aneurysms (FAAs) to achieve adequate numbers for analysis and have recommended repair of asymptomatic FAAs with diameters ≥2.5 cm and all symptomatic FAAs. This study evaluated the contemporary management of isolated FAAs. METHODS: Patients with FAAs were evaluated using a standardized, prospectively maintained database by a research consortium. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2012, 236 FAAs were identified in 182 patients (mean age, 72 years; male-to-female ratio, 16:1) at eight institutions. The mean nonoperative mean diameter was 2.8 ± 0.7 cm, and the operative diameter was 3.3 ± 1.5 cm. FAA location was the common femoral artery in 191, superficial femoral artery (SFA) in 34, and profunda femoris artery in 11. Synchronous aneurysms (mean, 1.7 per patient) occurred in the aorta (n = 113), in the iliac (n = 109), popliteal (n = 86), and hypogastric (n = 56) arteries, and in the contralateral common femoral artery (n = 34), SFA (n = 9), and profunda femoris artery (n = 2). Of the aneurysms repaired, 66% were asymptomatic; other indications for repair were claudication (18%), local pain (8%), nerve compression (3%), rupture (2%), acute thrombosis (1%), and rest pain (0.5%). Acute aneurysm-related complications (rupture, thrombosis, embolus) were associated (P < .05) with FAA diameter >4 cm and intraluminal thrombus, but not location. Mean diameter of asymptomatic aneurysms that developed acute complications was 5.7 ± 1.3 cm for rupture, 4 ± 1.1 cm for thrombosis, and 3.5 cm for embolus. Repair was by interposition or bypass graft in 177 FAAs and by endovascular repair in three SFA aneurysms. Two perioperative deaths, of myocardial infarction and multisystem organ failure, occurred at 30 days. Operative complications included wound infection (6%), seroma (3%), and bleeding (2%). No amputations occurred through 5 years in the operative or nonoperative groups. Survival in operated-on patients was 99% (n = 138) at 3 months, 92% at 1 year, and 81% (n = 20) at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: This largest study of isolated FAAs demonstrates that (1) acute complications did not occur in FAAs ≤3.5 cm, repair criteria of asymptomatic FAAs should be changed to >3.5 cm, and chronic intraluminal thrombus should reduce the threshold for repair, and that (2) current indications for symptomatic FAA repair result in low morbidity and should remain unchanged.
Assuntos
Aneurisma/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Artéria Femoral/cirurgia , Enxerto Vascular , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma/complicações , Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/mortalidade , Doenças Assintomáticas , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Progressão da Doença , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Seleção de Pacientes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Procedimentos Desnecessários , Enxerto Vascular/efeitos adversos , Enxerto Vascular/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Aortic infections, even with treatment, have a high mortality and risk of recurrent infection and limb loss. Cryopreserved aortoiliac allograft (CAA) has been proposed for aortic reconstruction to improve outcomes in this high-risk population. METHODS: A multicenter study using a standardized database was performed at 14 of the 20 highest volume institutions that used CAA for aortic reconstruction in the setting of infection or those at high risk for prosthetic graft infection. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty patients (mean age, 65; male:female, 1.6/1) were treated since 2002 for culture positive aortic graft infection (60%), culture negative aortic graft infection (16%), enteric fistula/erosion (15%), infected pseudoaneurysm adjacent to the aortic graft (4%), and other (4%). Intraop cultures indicated infection in 66%. Distal anastomosis was to the femoral artery and iliac. Mean hospital length of stay was 24 days, and 30-day mortality was 9%. Complications occurred in 24% and included persistent sepsis (n = 17), CAA thrombosis (n = 9), CAA rupture (n = 8), recurrent CAA/aortic infection (n = 8), CAA pseudoaneurysm (n = 6), recurrence of aortoenteric fistula (n = 4), and compartment syndrome (n = 1). Patients with full graft excision had significantly better outcomes. Ten (5%) patients required allograft explant. Mean follow-up was 30 ± 3 months. Freedom from graft-related complications, graft explant, and limb loss was 80%, 88%, and 97%, respectively, at 5 years. Primary graft patency was 97% at 5 years, and patient survival was 75% at 1 year and 51% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: This largest study of CAA indicates that CAA allows aortic reconstruction in the setting of infection or those at high risk for infection with lower early and long-term morbidity and mortality than other previously reported treatment options. Repair with CAA is associated with low rates of aneurysm formation, recurrent infection, aortic blowout, and limb loss. We believe that CAA should be considered a first line treatment of aortic infections.
Assuntos
Aorta/transplante , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Criopreservação , Artéria Ilíaca/transplante , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aloenxertos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/instrumentação , Implante de Prótese Vascular/mortalidade , Remoção de Dispositivo , Feminino , Hospitais com Alto Volume de Atendimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/mortalidade , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/mortalidade , Reoperação , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of three treatment modalities, superficial truncal vein ablation, perforator vein ablation, and deep venous stenting on venous leg ulcer (VLU) healing, as well as their cumulative effect on ulcer healing, in an attempt to establish the best algorithm for the treatment of chronic and recalcitrant VLUs. METHODS: Multicenter retrospective cohort study using a standardized database to evaluate patients with chronic venous ulcers treated between January 2013 and December 2017. RESULTS: Eight-hundred thirty-two consecutive patients with VLU were identified at 11 centers in the United States. All patients were initially managed with wound care and compression for at least 2 months. Compression and wound care management alone, used in 187 patients, led to ulcer healing in 75% of patients by 36 months. Ulcer recurrence in patients managed without surgery at 6, 12, and 24 months was 3%, 5% and 15%, respectively. Five hundred twenty-eight patients underwent ablation of incompetent superficial veins, and 344 of those also underwent incompetent perforator ablation. Patients who underwent truncal vein ablation alone had an ulcer healing rate of 51% at 36 months. Patients who received both superficial and perforator ablation were significantly younger, and had a 17% improvement in healing at 36 months (68% vs 51%, respectively), but there was no impact of combined superficial and perforator ablations on ulcer recurrence rates. One hundred thirty-four patients had stenosis of one of more lower extremity deep veins and 95 (71%) underwent endovenous stenting. Ulcer healing and recurrence rates for those who underwent stent placement alone was 77% and 27%, respectively, at 36 months. Patients who underwent deep venous stenting and ablation of both incompetent truncal and perforator veins had an ulcer healing rate of 87% at 36 months and ulcer recurrence of 26% at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that correction of superficial truncal vein reflux, as well as deep vein stenosis, both contribute to healing of VLU. Patients who fail to heal their VLU after superficial and perforator ablation should have the iliocaval system imaged to identify hemodynamically significant stenoses or occlusions amenable to stenting, which facilitates venous ulcer healing even in patients with large ulcers.
Assuntos
Ablação por Cateter , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Terapia a Laser , Veia Safena/cirurgia , Escleroterapia , Úlcera Varicosa/terapia , Cicatrização , Idoso , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Doença Crônica , Bases de Dados Factuais , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Terapia a Laser/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Veia Safena/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Safena/fisiopatologia , Escleroterapia/efeitos adversos , Stents , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Úlcera Varicosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Úlcera Varicosa/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Combined liver-kidney transplantation (CLKT) improves survival for liver transplant recipients with renal dysfunction; however, the tenuous perioperative hemodynamic and metabolic milieu in high-acuity CLKT recipients increases delayed graft function and kidney allograft failure. We sought to analyze whether delayed KT through pumping would improve kidney outcomes following CLKT. METHODS: A retrospective analysis (University of California Los Angeles [n = 145], Houston Methodist Hospital [n = 79]) was performed in all adults receiving CLKT at 2 high-volume transplant centers from February 2004 to January 2017, and recipients were analyzed for patient and allograft survival as well as renal outcomes following CLKT. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients (28.1%) underwent delayed implantation of pumped kidneys during CLKT (dCLKT) and 161 patients (71.9%) received early implantation of nonpumped kidneys during CLKT (eCLKT). Most recipients were high-acuity with median biologic model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of, 35 for dCLKT and 34 for eCLKT (P = ns). Pretransplant, dCLKT had longer intensive care unit stay, were more often intubated, and had greater vasopressor use. Despite this, dCLKT exhibited improved 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient and kidney survival (P = 0.02) and decreased length of stay (P = 0.001), kidney allograft failure (P = 0.012), and dialysis duration (P = 0.031). This reduced kidney allograft futility (death or continued need for hemodialysis within 3 mo posttransplant) for dCLKT (6.3%) compared with eCLKT (19.9%) (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Delayed implantation of pumped kidneys is associated with improved patient and renal allograft survival and decreased hospital length of stay despite longer kidney cold ischemia. These data should inform the ethical debate as to the futility of performing CLKT in high-acuity recipients.
Assuntos
Doença Hepática Terminal/cirurgia , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Preservação de Órgãos/métodos , Idoso , Aloenxertos/imunologia , Aloenxertos/provisão & distribuição , Isquemia Fria/instrumentação , Isquemia Fria/métodos , Isquemia Fria/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Hepática Terminal/complicações , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/imunologia , Humanos , Rim/imunologia , Transplante de Rim/ética , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Transplante de Rim/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante de Fígado/ética , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Transplante de Fígado/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Futilidade Médica/ética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Preservação de Órgãos/instrumentação , Preservação de Órgãos/estatística & dados numéricos , Perfusão/instrumentação , Perfusão/métodos , Perfusão/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência Renal/etiologia , Insuficiência Renal/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Tempo para o Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversos , Transplante Homólogo/ética , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Importance: Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) following a liver transplant (LT) unequivocally portends adverse graft and patient outcomes, but a widely accepted classification or grading system is lacking. Objective: To develop a model for individualized risk estimation of graft failure after LT and then compare the model's prognostic performance with the existing binary EAD definition (bilirubin level of ≥10 mg/dL on postoperative day 7, international normalized ratio of ≥1.6 on postoperative day 7, or aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase level of >2000 U/L within the first 7 days) and the Model for Early Allograft Function (MEAF) score. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective single-center analysis used a transplant database to identify all adult patients who underwent a primary LT and had data on 10 days of post-LT laboratory variables at the Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center of the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA between February 1, 2002, and June 30, 2015. Data collection took place from January 4, 2016, to June 30, 2016. Data analysis was conducted from July 1, 2016, to August 30, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Three-month graft failure-free survival. Results: Of 2021 patients who underwent primary LT over the study period, 2008 (99.4%) had available perioperative data and were included in the analysis. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of recipients was 56 (49-62) years, and 1294 recipients (64.4%) were men. Overall survival and graft-failure-free survival rates were 83% and 81% at year 1, 74% and 71% at year 3, and 69% and 65% at year 5, with an 11.1% (222 recipients) incidence of 3-month graft failure or death. Multivariate factors associated with 3-month graft failure-free survival included post-LT aspartate aminotransferase level, international normalized ratio, bilirubin level, and platelet count, measures of which were used to calculate the Liver Graft Assessment Following Transplantation (L-GrAFT) risk score. The L-GrAFT model had an excellent C statistic of 0.85, with a significantly superior discrimination of 3-month graft failure-free survival compared with the existing EAD definition (C statistic, 0.68; P < .001) and the MEAF score (C statistic, 0.70; P < .001). Compared with patients with lower L-GrAFT risk, LT recipients in the highest 10th percentile of L-GrAFT scores had higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores (median [IQR], 34 [26-40] vs 31 [25-38]; P = .005); greater need for pretransplant hospitalization (56.8% vs 44.8%; P = .003), renal replacement therapy (42.9% vs 30.5%; P < .001), mechanical ventilation (35.8% vs 18.1%; P < .001), and vasopressors (22.9% vs 11.0%; P < .001); longer cold ischemia times (median [IQR], 436 [311-539] vs 401 [302-506] minutes; P = .04); greater intraoperative blood transfusions (median [IQR], 17 [10-26] vs 10 [6-17] units of packed red blood cells; P < .001); and older donors (median [IQR] age, 47 [28-56] vs 41 [25-52] years; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: The L-GrAFT risk score allows a highly accurate, individualized risk estimation of 3-month graft failure following LT that is more accurate than existing EAD and MEAF scores. Multicenter validation may allow for the adoption of the L-GrAFT as a tool for evaluating the need for a retransplant, for establishing standardized grading of early allograft function across transplant centers, and as a highly accurate clinical end point in translational studies aiming to mitigate ischemia or reperfusion injury by modulating donor quality and recipient factors.