TEMPO/O2 Synergistically Mediated BiBrO-Photocatalyzed Decarboxylative Phosphorylation of N-Arylglycines.

With both TEMPO and O2 (in air) as the homogeneous redox mediators, BiBrO as the heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst, the first example of semi-heterogeneous photocatalytic decarboxylative phosphorylation of N-arylglycines with diarylphosphine oxides was established. A series of α-amino phosphinoxides were efficiently synthesized.

Semiheterogeneous Photoredox Catalysis: Synthesis of 3-Sulfonylquinolines via Radical Multicomponent Cascade Annulation.

An efficient photocatalytic protocol combining heterogeneous semiconductors as photocatalysts and NHPI as a redox reagent was disclosed. Under this protocol, 3-sulfonylquinolines were formed in up to 92% yield via a multicomponent radical cascade annulation. Good substituent tolerance and gram-scale reaction showed the potential in fine chemicals modification and pharmaceutical synthesis.

Recyclable V2O5/g-C3N4 Heterojunction-Catalyzed Visible-Light-Promoted C3-H Trifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin-2-(1H)-ones.

A visible-light-initiated C-H trifluoromethylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was established using a Z-scheme V2O5/g-C3N4 heterojunction as a recyclable photocatalyst in an inert atmosphere at room temperature under additive-free and mild conditions. A variety of trifluoromethylated quinoxalin-2-(1H)-one derivatives were heterogeneously generated in moderate to high yields, exhibiting good functional group tolerance. Remarkably, the recyclable V2O5/g-C3N4 catalyst could be reused five times with a slight loss of catalytic activity.

NHPI-Mediated FeTiO3-Photocatalyzed Semiheterogeneous Decarboxylative Acylarylation of Acrylamides with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids under Nitrogen.

FeTiO3 has emerged as an interesting semiconductor photocatalyst in organic synthesis. We herein describe a visible-light-induced semiheterogeneous strategy for the synthesis of 3-(2-oxoethyl)indolin-2-ones with moderate to good yields and good functional group compatibility using recyclable FeTiO3 as a photocatalyst and NHPI as a redox catalyst.

NPh3-Mediated WO3-Photocatalyzed Semiheterogeneous Hydroxylation of Aryl and Alkyl Boronic Acids.

With an inexpensive and commercially available WO3 semiconductor as the heterogeneous photocatalyst, a catalytic amount of NPh3 as the single-electron donor, and ambient air as the single-electron acceptor and oxygen source, the semiheterogeneous photocatalytic hydroxylation of alkyl and aryl boronic acids was developed. A broad range of hydroxylated compounds can be obtained in excellent yields.

Paired Electrolysis-Enabled Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.

The first paired electrolysis-enabled arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was achieved using cyanoarenes as the arylation reagents. A variety of 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with various important functional groups were obtained in moderate to good yields under metal- and chemical oxidant-free conditions. With a pair of reductive and oxidative processes occurring among the substrates and reaction intermediates, the power consumption can be dramatically reduced.

Electrochemical Multicomponent Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Selenazol-2-amines with Elemental Selenium.

The first example of an electrochemical multicomponent synthesis of selenium-containing compounds with inexpensive and abundant elemental selenium as the selenating reagent was developed. A variety of selenazol-2-amines were constructed in high yields with good functional group tolerance under metal-free and chemical oxidant-free conditions.

Phototriggered Self-Catalyzed Phosphorylation of 3,4-Dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Diarylphosphine Oxides in EtOH.

A highly effective external photocatalyst- and additive-free method for the phosphorylation of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones to produce phosphorylated dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones has been reported. A wide variety of phosphorylated products were formed in good to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the phosphorylation process involves an EnT process, a SET process, a HAT process, and a deprotonation process.

Photosynthesis of 3-Alkylated Coumarins from Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by a Na2S-Based Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex.

A simple and practical electron donor-acceptor (EDA) strategy to synthesize various 3-alkylated coumarins from easily available coumarins and naturally abundant carboxylic acids under photocatalyst-, oxidant-, and additive-free and mild conditions is reported. Using Na2S as the catalytic electron donor, a series of primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon radicals can be efficiently generated, and the EDA complex can be regenerated without an alkaline additive.

Selectfluor-Mediated Electrophilic Annulation of 2-Alkynyl Biaryls with Diorganyl Diselenides.

A general and efficient method for the synthesis of various selanyl phenanthrenes/polycyclic heteroaromatics through the electrophilic annulation of 2-alkynyl biaryls with diorganyl diselenides under metal-free and mild conditions was established. The sulfanyl phenanthrene was also obtained in moderate yields.

Visible-Light-Induced Annulation of Iodonium Ylides and 2-Isocyanobiaryls to Access 6-Arylated Phenanthridines.

A 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4-CzIPN)-photocatalyzed cascade arylation/cyclization reaction of 2-isocyanobiaryls and iodonium ylides was established for the synthesis of 6-arylated phenanthridines. This is the first example of employing iodonium ylides as aryl radical sources in a visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization reaction.

Visible-light-initiated external photocatalyst-free synthesis of α,α-difluoro-ß-ketoamides from 4-aminocoumarins.

A concise and efficient ring-opening difluorination strategy was developed for the synthesis of highly functionalized hydroxy-containing α,α-difluoro-ß-ketoamides from the one-pot multicomponent reaction of 4-aminocoumarins, NFSI, and water in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green solvent. The reactions were smoothly achieved under visible light irradiation in air at room temperature without the addition of any other external photocatalysts. With this protocol, various α,α-difluoro-ß-ketoamides were successfully synthesized under mild conditions (25 examples, 73-91% yields). This transition-metal-free synthetic procedure shows good functional group compatibility and attractive practical potential for large-scale synthesis.

Orbital solitary fibrous tumours: clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence prediction.

BACKGROUND: SFTs are thought to have an unpredictable clinical course and currently have no recognized prognostic criterion. Our study aimed to determine the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of patients with orbital SFTs. METHODS: The clinicopathological features of these patients were extracted from clinical records. The relationships between these features and prognosis were analysed. RESULTS: The positive rates of CD34, CD99, Blc2, and STAT6 expression were 90.3%, 90.3%, 83.9%, and 100%, respectively. The tumour recurrence rate was 38.7%. A higher recurrence rate was observed in patients with Ki67 index ≥ 5 (56.25% vs. 20%, P = 0.038). CONCLUSION: A Ki67 index ≥ 5 was an effective parameter for predicting tumour recurrence of orbital SFTs. Close follow-up is needed for these patients.

Paired Electrolysis Enabled Cyanation of Diaryl Diselenides with KSCN Leading to Aryl Selenocyanates.

The first example of paired electrolysis-enabled cyanation of diaryl diselenides, with KSCN as the green cyanating agent, has been developed. A broad range of aryl selenocyanates can be efficiently synthesized under chemical-oxidant- and additive-free, energy-saving and mild conditions.

Electrocatalytic three-component synthesis of 4-halopyrazoles with sodium halide as the halogen source.

The first example of the electrocatalytic multicomponent synthesis of 4-chloro/bromo/iodopyrazoles from hydrazines, acetylacetones and sodium halides under chemical oxidant- and external electrolyte-free conditions has been developed. Sodium halides played a dual role as a halogenation reagent and a supporting electrolyte. Mechanism studies revealed that the bromination reaction proceeded via an ionic pathway, whereas both chlorination and iodination proceeded via a radical pathway.

[Clinical Analysis of 2 170 Cases of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Involving Extraocular Muscles].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) with extraocular muscle involvement. METHODS: The data of 2170 TAO patients who were seen at the Orbital Disease Clinic, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from September, 2009 to January, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The extraocular muscle involvement of these patients was confirmed by CT or MRI. Their general condition, medical history, clinical manifestations and imaging features were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 2170 TAO patients, 932 were male and 1238 were female. The mean (± SD) age of all the patients was (46.95±13.06) years, ranging between 6 and 85. 1684 patients (77.60%) suffered from hyperthyroidism, 13 patients (0.59%) had thyroid cancer, 80 patients (3.69%) had hypothyroidism, and 393 patients (18.11%) had normal thyroid function. Proptosis (55.25%) and diplopia (33.09%) were the main reasons for their visits to the clinic, and restricted eye movements (83.46%) was the most common sign. 122 patients with a mean age of (53.24±13.07) years did not show any eyelid sign and had only extraocular muscle involvement. The 2170 TAO patients had a total of 3799 eyes of extrocular muscle involvement, with 541 patients experiencing monocular involvement and 1629 patients, binocular involvement; 1204 eyes (31.69%) had a single extrocular muscle involved and 2595 eyes (68.31%) had multiple extrocular muscles involved. Inferior rectus was the most commonly involved muscle, followed by superior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus in descending order of involvement frequency. Of the 1014 patients who underwent enhanced MRI, 71.99% were shown to be in the active phase. 69.03% of the 775 patients identified as being in inactive phase according to their clinical activity score (CAS) were shown to be in the active phase according to their MRI results. CONCLUSION: TAO patients with extraocular muscle involvement have their own specific clinical manifestations. CT and MRI can both be used to assist in the diagnosis of extraocular muscle involvement. MRI can be used to assess the pathological stage of extraocular muscles and is more sensitive than CAS.

Copper(i)-catalyzed intermolecular cyanoarylation of alkenes: convenient access to α-alkylated arylacetonitriles.

A novel Cu(i)-catalyzed intermolecular cyanoarylation of alkenes with diaryliodonium salts as a radical arylating reagent and tetra-butylammonium cyanide as an electrophilic cyanating reagent was established. A broad range of α-alkylated arylacetonitriles were efficiently constructed in good to excellent yields under base- and oxidant-free and mild conditions.

Iodine-Catalyzed Odorless Synthesis of S-Thiocarbamates with Sulfonyl Chlorides as a Sulfur Source.

A general and efficient protocol for the direct preparation of various S-thiocarbamates with readily available and inexpensive sulfonyl chlorides as an odorless sulfur source was developed. The employment of easily available reactants, excellent functional group tolerability, and mild reaction conditions make this process very practical.

Metal-free difunctionalization of alkynes leading to alkenyl dithiocyanates and alkenyl diselenocyanates at room temperature.

A simple and practical method for the synthesis of alkenyl dithiocyanates and alkenyl diselenocyanates has been developed via stereoselective difunctionalization of alkynes with NaSCN or KSeCN at room temperature. Through this methodology, a series of alkenyl dithiocyanates and alkenyl diselenocyanates could be efficiently and conveniently obtained in moderate to good yields under mild and metal-free conditions by the simple use of oxone and PhI(OAc)2 as the oxidants.

Molecular iodine-mediated synthesis of thiocarbamates from thiols, isocyanides and water under metal-free conditions.

A simple and practical molecular iodine-mediated method for the efficient construction of thiocarbamates from isocyanides, thiols and water under metal-free and mild conditions has been developed. A variety of thiocarbamates were easily synthesized through this methodology, which has the advantages of simple operation, eco-friendly conditions, good functional group tolerance, and readily accessible raw materials.