[Analysis of transfusion effect of different platelet matching schemes in patients with platelet transfusion refractoriness].

Objective: To analyze the transfusion effect of different platelet matching schemes in patients with platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR). Methods: A total of 94 patients with PTR received by Taiyuan Blood Center from January to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 26 males and 68 females, aged 53(34,66) years. Platelet antibody screening was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For patients with positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ⅰ antibodies, Luminex platform liquid chip assay was used to identify the specificity of antibodies, and platelets with missing allelic expression antigen corresponding to their specific antibodies were found in the platelet donor gene database established in our laboratory. For patients with negative class HLA-Ⅰ antibody screening, medium and high-resolution HLA-A and B alleles were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO), and the compatible platelets were searched from the platelet donor gene database by HLA cross-reactive group genotype matching scheme or directly selected by serological cross-matching. The PCI compliance rate and total transfusion effective rate of different mismatch site groups and different matching scheme groups were statistically analyzed. Results: Platelet antibody was detected in 39 of 94 PTR patients with a positive rate of 41.5%, and all of them were HLA-Ⅰ antibodies, and 1 case was accompanied by human platelet antigen (HPA) antibody. A total of 134 times of compatible platelets were supplied to 39 patients with HLA-Ⅰ antibody positive by using antibody avoidance matching method. And the total effective rate of transfusion was 97.8% (131/134); The PCI compliance rates of HLA-A antigen mismatch, HLA-B antigen mismatch and HLA-A and B antigen mismatch groups were 81.6% (31/38), 86.5% (32/37) and 78.6% (22/28), respectively. The total effective rate of transfusion was 97.4% (37/38), 94.6% (35/37) and 100% (28/28), respectively, with no statistical significance (all P>0.05). A total of 118 times of compatible platelets were provided by HLA antigen cross-reaction group genotype matching and serological cross-matching, 90 transfusion effects were collected during follow-up, and the total effective rate was 76.7% (69/90). Conclusion: The combination of different platelet matching schemes can improve the PCI compliance rate and the total effective rate of transfusion in PTR patients.

Infection Characteristics and Physical Prevention Strategy of Panax notoginseng Round Spot Disease Caused by Mycocentrospora acerina.

Panax notoginseng round spot disease (PRSD), caused by Mycocentrospora acerina, is the main leaf disease occurring in cultured P. notoginseng. Aiming to find a safe and efficient control method for PRSD, we studied the disease characteristics of PRSD and the optimal growth conditions of M. acerina and evaluated the efficacy of rain-shelter cultivation in PRSD control. Moreover, we described M. acerina based on morphological characterization and molecular analyses (ITS, ACT, LSU, and TEF-1α). The optimum temperature for M. acerina conidial germination was found to be 14 to 22°C. Furthermore, leaf surface wetness for at least 4 h is required for conidial germination, and conidia can successfully infect P. notoginseng when the leaf wetness lasts for more than 8 h. Additionally, rainwater splashing determines the conidial transfection distance, which is less than 2 m. Finally, our study revealed that rain-shelter cultivation is an effective and simple physical prevention strategy to control PRSD, with an average efficacy of up to 100%.

[Relationship of C1QA level and therapeutic effect and prognosis of DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between plasma levels of complements before treatment and the clinicopathological feathers and prognoses of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with Rituximab (R)-CHOP or R-CHOP-like therapy. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 105 DLBCL patients treated in cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2010 to 2016 were collected. The plasma samples from 105 DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like therapy and 80 healthy controls were used to detect 34 complement levels before treatment by utilizing antibody microarray. The relationship between plasma levels of complements and the clinicopathological feathers and prognosis of DLBCL patients were analyzed. Results: The signal values of C1QA and CR1L in patients with international prognostic index (IPI) scores of 3-5 were 1 261.43±138.9 and 2 214.69±98.58, respectively, higher than 950.79±80.19 and 984.67±121.79 in patients with IPI scores of 0~2 (both P<0.05). The levels of C1QA and CR1L in the non-complete response (CR) group were 1 165.43±98.56 and 2 263.13±145.63, respectively, higher than 914.70±100.77 and 1 821.34±84.68 in the CR group (both P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that elevated C1QA signal value was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and poor overall survival (OS) (PFS: HR=2.063, 95%CI: 1.220-3.489, P=0.007; OS: HR=2.23, 95%CI: 1.036~4.798, P=0.040). After IPI correction by Cox multivariate model, the elevated C1QA signal value was still correlated with poor PFS (HR=1.765, 95%CI 1.034~3.013, P=0.037). Conclusions: The baseline plasma levels of C1QA and CR1L are correlated with IPI scores and therapeutic effects of DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP. The baseline plasma level of C1QA has a certain predictive value for the prognostic evaluation of DLBCL.

[The differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease].

Objective: To investigate the principles of differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing one case of lymphoma who presented pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGO) after courses of chemotherapy. Methods: Baseline demographics and clinicopathological data of eligible patients were retrieved from medical records. Information of clinical manifestations, history of epidemiology, lab tests and chest CT scan images of visiting patients from February 13 to February 28 were collected. Literatures about pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients were searched from databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and CNKI. Results: Among the 139 cancer patients who underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, pulmonary infiltrates were identified in eight patients (5.8%), five of whom were characterized with GGOs in lungs. 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing was performed in three patients and the results were negative. One case was a 66-year-old man who was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and underwent CHOP chemotherapy regimen. His chest CT scan image displayed multiple GGOs in lungs and the complete blood count showed decreased lymphocytes. This patient denied any contact with confirmed/suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection, fever or other respiratory symptoms. Considering the negative result of nuclear acid testing, this patient was presumptively diagnosed with viral pneumonia and an experiential anti-infection treatment had been prescribed for him. Conclusions: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complicates the clinical scenario of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients. The epidemic history, clinical manifestation, CT scan image and lab test should be taken into combined consideration. The 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing might be applied in more selected patients. Active anti-infection treatment and surveillance of patient condition should be initiated if infectious disease is considered.

[Comparison the efficacy and prognosis of different first-line treatment for elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, survival and prognostic factors of elder patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: The clinical data of elder patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma enrolled in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from April 2006 to December 2012 were retrospectively collected. All the patients were divided into R-CHOP-like group and CHOP-like group according to the dosage regimen. And the differences in demographic characteristics, clinical features, survival time and prognostic factors were compared between these two groups. Results: A total of 158 patients were enrolled, of which 78 patients in the R-CHOP-like group and 80 patients in the CHOP-like group were eligible. There were no significant differences between two groups on age, gender, pathological staging, B symptoms, bulky mass, ECOG score, IPI score, pathological type, LDH level, ß(2)-MG level, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio(LMR), neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR), Ki-67 index and bone marrow invasion. In the R-CHOP like group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 10 months, and the median overall survival (OS) time was 30 months. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 46.2% and 19.2%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS rates were 79.5%, 59.0%, and 19.2%, respectively. In the CHOP-like group, the median PFS was 7 months, and the median OS was 15 months. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 27.5% and 12.5% respectively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year OS rates were 65.0%, 32.5% and 13.8%, respectively. The median PFS time and OS time in the R-CHOP group were significantly better than those in the CHOP group (P<0.05 for both). A stratified analysis showed that the PFS time and OS time were superior in the R-CHOP-like group compared to the CHOP-like group among patients older than 70 years (P<0.05 for both). In patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, the PFS time and OS time in the R-CHOP-like group were also superior to CHOP-like group (P<0.05 for both). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that IPI score, LDH value, ß(2)-MG value, ECOG score, LMR, and PLR had an significant effect on prognosis (P<0.05 for all). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymphocyte/monocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were independent prognostic factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (P<0.05 for both). Conclusions: The R-CHOP-like chemotherapy regimen is superior to the CHOP-like regimen in the first-line treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ECOG score, LMR and PLR may be independent prognostic factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ECOG score, LMR and PLR are independent prognostic factors.

Assessment of the cryoablation margin using MRI-CT fusion imaging in hepatic malignancies.

AIM: To demonstrate the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-computed tomography (CT) fusion imaging for the assessment of the ablative margin after cryoablation in hepatic malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analysed 35 patients with 47 liver tumours treated with CT-guided cryoablation. Fusion images of pre-ablation MRI and intraoperative CT data were created on a workstation. Minimal ablative margin (MAM) assessment was categorised into three groups: (I) MAM <0 mm (tumour protruded through the ablation zone), (II) MAM 0-5 mm, and (III) MAM ≥5 mm. Local tumour progression (LTP) was assessed during follow-up. RESULTS: MRI-CT fusion imaging was successfully achieved in 46 (97.9%) of 47 lesions. LTP was detected in 67.4% (31/46) of cases. Twenty-four (77.4%) of 31 LTPs occurred in the subcapsular region of the liver. Using fusion images, the MAM was classified as groups I, II, and III in 18, 25, and three tumours, respectively. In group I, LTP was found in 15 (83.3%) of 18 lesions, whereas in group II, LTP was detected in 16 (64%) of 25 lesions. The cumulative LTP rate in group II was significantly lower than that in group I (p=0.012). CONCLUSION: Pre-ablation MRI and intraoperative CT fusion imaging is feasible and useful for evaluating the MAM of cryoablation in hepatic malignancies.

Detecting selection signatures on the X chromosome of the Chinese Debao pony.

The X chromosome shows a special interaction between demographic factors and genetic variation, and the analysis of X-linked genomic variation can therefore provide insights into the unique effects of demography and selection on the horse genome that cannot be readily detected by autosomal markers. Debao (DB) ponies have experienced intense selective pressure for the development of their small stature (<106 cm at adult height). To identify selective sweeps on the X chromosome of the DB pony, we performed a genome-wide scan of three Chinese horse breeds using an Equine SNP70 BeadChip. Using Yili and Mongolian horses (>134 cm at adult height) as reference groups, both FST and XP-EHH revealed that five regions on the X chromosome were under strong selection, resulting in 95 overlapping genes. Seven of these genes, SMS, PHEX, ACSL4, CHRDL1, CACNA1F, DKC1 and CDKL5, are involved in bone development, growth hormone secretion and fat deposition. The region showing the strongest selection pressure was located at the position of 86.6-87.5 Mb. The subsequent genome-wide association analysis of the adult height of three Chinese horse breeds detected the two most significant SNPs in the same region, and these two SNPs overlapped with the gene CHRDL1. As a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) superfamily, CHRDL1 antagonizes the function of BMP4 and plays an important role in embryonic bone formation and cartilage generation. Our results provide new insights into the X-linked selection in Chinese Debao pony.

[Retrospective analysis of the clinical features and prognostic factors of 370 patients with advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

Objective: The clinical features and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were analyzed to optimize the treatment. Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients with advanced-stage DLBCL from January 2006 to December 2012 in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital. The demographic characteristics, clinical stage, histological diagnosis, treatment and prognostic characteristics of these patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 370 patients with median age of 55 years old were recruited in the study. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3∶1. Among the 361 patients who underwent therapy, 280 cases received chemotherapy alone, 65 cases received chemoradiotherapy, and 16 cases received chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). The median follow-up period was 89 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the entire cohort was 42.9%. The 5-year OS rate of chemotherapy alone, chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with AHSCT were 36.8%, 58.5%, 87.5%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate were significantly different between chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy alone (P=0.001), and between chemotherapy combined with AHSCT and chemoradiotherapy (P=0.040). Univariate analysis showed that the age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score, Ann Arbor stage, B symptom, bulky disease, number of extranodal sites, Ki-67 index, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ß2-microglobulin (ß2-MG), international prognostic index (IPI), therapeutic manner and chemotherapy combined with rituximab were significantly associated with the prognosis of advanced DLBCL patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the age >60 years, Ann Arbor stage IV, with B symptom, with bulky disease, ECOG PS≥1, Ki-67 index > 90%, CD5 expression, up-regulation of serum LDH and ß2-MG, and chemotherapy without rituximab were related with the poor prognosis of patients with advanced-stage DLBCL (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Chemotherapy combined with rituximab can improve the outcome of patients with advanced-stage DLBCL. The age, stage, B symptom, bulky disease, ECOG PS score, Ki-67 index, CD5 expression, LDH, ß2-MG and chemotherapy combined with rituximab are associated with the prognosis of these patients.

[ERK on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by microRNA-433].

Objective: To investigate the role of ERK in the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by miR-433. Methods: Lentivirus was used to transfect BGC-823 gastric cancer cell line to over-express miR-433. The blank control group (BGC-823), negative control group (BGC-823+ miR-433 negative control) and experimental group (miR-433+ miR-433, BGC-823-pMD18-T- miR-433)were set up. After treatment, the gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 was detected at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after culture, in vitro cell activity, cell apoptosis assays were performed by CCK-8 and Annexinv-FITC, respectively, to elucidate biological effects of miRNA-433, and After 72 h of culture, the ERK1/2 detected their protein expression were quantified by BCA method. Result: The growth activity of BGC-823+ miR-433 cells cultured in vitro was significantly lower than that of BGC-823 cells and BGC-823+ miR-433 negative control cells at 48 h and 72 h; BGC-823+ miR-433 cell apoptosis index was significantly increased at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h; the expression of ERK1/2 was significantly lower than BGC-823 cells and BGC-823+ miR-433 negative contral after 72 h culture. There were no significant differences between BGC-823+ miR-433 negative control cells and BGC-823 cells. Conclusion: ERK plays an important role in the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by miR-433.

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of 46 cases of newly diagnosed localized head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of newly diagnosed localized head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Methods: Cases of newly diagnosed localized head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma between January 2006 and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features of the patients were described. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival rate under different combined modality therapy and the survival rate with or without chemotherapy. The prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox model. Results: A total of 46 patients were included in this study. Among them, the median follow-up time was 77 months and the median relapse free survival time was 13 months. The relapse free survival time of 5 cases with inadequate local treatment and without combined chemotherapy was 5 months as control, and it was 7 months (P=0.110) in 11 cases with adequate local treatment without combined chemotherapy. Then in 7 cases with inadequate local treatment combined with chemotherapy and 23 cases with adequate local treatment combined with chemotherapy, it was 13 months (P=0.007) and 21 months (P<0.001), respectively. The median relapse-free survival time of chemotherapy patients was significantly longer than that of those without chemotherapy (21 vs 6 months, P=0.018). The effect of combined modality therapy was evaluated according to the adequacy of local treatment and whether to receive systemic chemotherapy, and the combined modality therapy degree was the independent prognostic factor in Cox's proportional hazards regression model (P=0.004). Conclusions: Rhabdomyosarcoma in head and neck is a highly malignant tumor with high relapse rate and easy metastasis. In patients with tolerable condition, systemic chemotherapy and adequate combined modality therapy are recommended to improve relapse-free survival.

[Clinical characteristics and treatment strategies for early-stage primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

Objective: Primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PG-DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of extranodal origin. Most patients with PG-DLBCL had localized disease (stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ) at presentation, and will achieve complete response (CR) after induction chemotherapy. However, there has been little consensus regarding whether optimal treatment is provided by chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, nor the treatment outcome from the addition of rituximab in localized-stage PG-DLBCL. Methods: Patients with Stage ⅠE and ⅡE PG-DLBCL were retrospectively analyzed. Patients have not undergone surgery, have received at least 3 cycles of R-CHOP or CHOP-like chemotherapy as initial therapy, and achieved CR or partial response (PR) were enrolled. Results: A total of 91 patients were studied. The median age was 51 years, included 47 males and 44 females. Fifty-two patients were at Stage ⅠE and 39 at Stage ⅡE, 64 (70.3%) patients received R-CHOP-like regimens, and 27 (29.7%) received CHOP-like regimens, the median chemotherapy cycle was 6 (3-8). Among the 91 patients, 80 (87.9%) patients achieved CR from induction chemotherapy, 11(12.1%) was evaluated PR. Of CR patients, 48 patients (60%) underwent consolidating radiotherapy and 32 patients (40%) did not receive radiotherapy; all PR patients received salvage radiotherapy. CR patients with and without radiation therapy had 4-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 96.4% and 96.7%, respectively (χ(2) = 0.546, P=0.46); 7/11 (63.6%) PR patients achieved CR after radiotherapy, with a median follow-up of 41 months, they were all disease free. For patients treated with R-CHOP or CHOP-like regimens, the 4-year PFS was 93.2% and 89.7%, respectively (χ(2)=0.096, P=0.757). Conclusions: Consolidation radiotherapy failed to improve the outcome for early-stage PG-DLBCL, while for PR patients, salvage radiotherapy increased CR rate and improved survival. The addition of rituximab to CHOP did not improve the efficacy.

[Prognostic significance of inflammatory indicators for advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

Objective: To explore the prognostic significance of inflammatory indicator, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), for advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: The data of advanced stage DLBCL cases was retrospectively collected, and all the patients were seen from January 2006 to December 2012 in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The patients were divided into the low NLR group (≤5∶1) and the high NLR group (>5∶1); the low PLR group (≤300∶1) and the high PLR group (>300∶1). Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival rates between groups, multivriate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the independent prognostic significance of clinical and histopathological variables on events or OS. Results: A total of 361 patients were included in the study. Under a median follow-up of 89 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the whole group were 42.9% and 31.3%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate and PFS rate were 48.2% and 35.1% in the low NLR group, which were 24.1% and 17.7% in the high NLR group, respectively. The 5-year OS rates and PFS rate were 45.4% and 33.2% in the low PLR group, which were 29.8% and 21.1% in the high PLR group (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that NLR >5∶1, PLR >300∶1, age>60 year, ECOG PS>1 score, stage Ⅳ, B symptom, bulky disease, number of extranodal sites >1, Ki-67index >90%, LDH elevated and ß2-MG elevated had significant influence on prognosis(all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that NLR, stage, B symptom, bulky disease, ECOG PS score, Ki-67 index and ß2-MG were associated with poor prognosis in the advanced-stage DLBCL. Conclusions: NLR was simple and feasible biomarker for prognosis of advanced-stage DLBCL patients.

[Analysis of haematological phenotype and mutation spectrum of δ-globin gene from Guangdong area in Chinese Han prenatal population].

Objective: To analyze the genotype-phenotype correlations among southern Chinese Han prenatal population in Guangdong area with δ-globin gene mutation, so as to enrich the delta-thalassemia gene mutations data. Methods: A total of 33 cases were selected in 7 580 patients during prenatal thalassemia trait screening, from January 2012 to May 2015(including 10 males and 23 females, aged 22-48 years old). Complete blood cell count was performed on a XE 4000i automatic hemocyte analyzer. Hb, HbF and HbA2 were tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using a whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify three different fragments corresponding to the exons and the regulatory sequences using three different couples of primers for the δ-globin gene. Results: Twenty one of the 33 samples were positive for the δ-globin gene defects. Four previously known mutations were detected: including 12 cases for -77(T>C)[HBD c. -127 (T>C)](57.14%), 4 cases for -30 (T>C)[HBD c. -80 (T>C)](19.05%), 1 case for codon 10 (-G) (HBD c. 31delG)(4.76%), and 1 case for HBD c. 244 C>T(4.76%). Three new δ-globin gene defects which had not yet been reported in database were detected, including 1 case for HBD c. 22_24delGAG(4.76%), 1 case for HBD c. 347 C>T(4.76%), and one case for HBD c. 349 C>G(4.76%). Conclusions: -77 (T>C) is the most common mutation in Chinese southern prenatal population. Three new HBD gene mutations are referred in this report, which provide the valuable information for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in Guangdong area.

Structure of transmembrane subunits gp47 of the foamy virus envelope glycoproteins.

The successful foamy viruses (FVs) infection includes at least two essential events, attachment to the cell surface and fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. For the FVs, membrane fusion between virus and cell is mediated by envelope glycoprotein (Env) transmembrane (TM) subunit gp47. Compared with other retroviruses, FV TM subunit shares a similar but not identical structural characteristic. This paper focuses on in sillico analyses of all 15 available FV TM subunits gp47 based on their amino acid sequences. The hydrophobicity analysis revealed that the 15 FVs gp47 had two prominent hydrophobic regions, the N-terminal fusion peptide (FP) and the C-terminal region, which included a membrane-spanning domain (MSD) and a membrane proximal ectodomain region (MPER). In most FVs gp47, two heptad repeats, the coiled coils characterized by repetition of 7-amino acid-motif, were found to be correspondently located downstream of FP (named "N-HR") and the upstream of MPER (named "C-HR"). Furthermore, the solvent accessibility and secondary structure were predicted for all FVs gp47. These observations suggested that FVs gp47 possessed several fusion domains, which were necessary in the process of lipid membrane fusion between FVs and the target cells.

[Clinical features and prognosis of CD20-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of CD20-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). METHODS: Data from CHL patients with CD20 immunohistochemical staining result who were treated in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between September 2007 and March 2014 were reviewed. The relationship of CD20 expression in Reed-Sternberg(R-S)cells with CHL subtypes, clinical characteristics, and prognosis were analyzed. Fisher test was used to analyze the differences between groups and Kaplan-Meier for survival analysis. RESULTS: A total of 263 patients were included in this study. Among the 263 patients, 74 (28.1%) were CD20-postitive. CD20-positive cases showed significantly higher proportions of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection-related, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte-rich CHL subtypes compared with CD20-negeative patients [52.8% (28/53) vs 19.0% (22/116), 37.9% (25/66) vs 31.6% (54/171), 22.7% (15/66) vs 3.5% (6/171), all P<0.05]. Univariate analysis identified EBV infection, age (≥ 40 years, especially ≥ 60 years), and Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage were correlated with reduced 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (PFS: 70.3 vs 87.7%, 79.2% vs 89.8%, 56.8% vs 91.5%, 70.4% vs 93.2%; OS: 81.0% vs 100%, 92.1% vs 99.4%, 75.4% vs 99.2%, 90.3% vs 100%; all P<0.05); and CD20-positive and not receiving local radiotherapy were associated with reduced PFS (79.7% vs 90.6%, 68.8% vs 90.6%, both P<0.05), not with OS (92.4% vs 98.3%, 94.0% vs 99.4%, both P>0.05). Patients positive in both CD20 expression and EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER) showed low PFS. CONCLUSIONS: CD20 expression in R-S cells in CHL may be closed related with EBV infection. EBV infection is associated with unfavorable prognosis. The effect of CD20-postitive on prognosis may be mediated by the prognostic effect of EBV infection.

[Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten/phosphatidyl Inositol 3-kinase/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway changes in the rabbit Kawasaki disease model].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)/ phosphatidyl Inositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/ vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)signaling pathway in a rabbit Kawasaki disease model. METHODS: Model of Kawasaki disease was established in weanling Japanese big-eared rabbits with 10% bovine serum venous injection (2.5 ml/kg, 2 times, and 2 week's interval) through the ear. Twenty four rabbits were divided into 4 groups: control group (without injection of 10% bovine serum albumin, six rabbits); 1 day group (sacrificed a the second day after the establishment of Kawasaki disease models, six rabbits); 7 day group (sacrificed at the seventh day after establishment of Kawasaki disease model, six rabbits); 30 day group (sacrificed at the thirtieth day after establishment of Kawasaki disease model, six rabbits). Pathological analysis was performed on coronary artery tissue samples. The express of PTEN and PI3K were detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of VEGF and CK were also examined with ELISA and white blood cells were counted. RESULTS: (1) Coronary artery of model groups was thinner, distorted and had enlarged lumen. (2) PTEN expression in 1 d group, 7 d group and 30 d group were 58.5 ± 12.9, 73.2±9.9 and 109.6 ± 24.4, respectively, significantly higher than in the control group (25.5 ± 6.9, P<0.01 or 0.05). (3) The express of PI3K was significantly upregulated in 1 d group(57.2±11.1)and 7 d group(39.9±4.8) compared to control group(19.1±3.5, P<0.01 or 0.05). The expression level of PI3K in 30 d group was 18.8 ± 7.5, which was similar as control group (P>0.05) and significantly lower than 1 d and 7 d group (both P<0.05). (4) Similarly, the level of VEGF in 1 d group, 7 d group ((89.1 ± 15.5) ng/L, (76.9±9.9) ng/L) were significantly higher while it was significantly lower in 30 d group ((19.8 ± 4.4)ng/L) compared with the control group ((33.9 ± 6.7) ng/L, P<0.01 or 0.05). The level of VEGF in 7 d group was significantly lower than in 1 d group (P<0.05) and the level of VEGF was significantly lower in 30 d group than in 7 d group (P<0.01). (5)Creatine kinase levels were significantly higher in 30 d group than in control group (P<0.05) and there were no significantly different between control group, 1 d group and 7 d group(all P>0.05). (6)White blood cell count were significantly higher in 1 d group, 7 d group and 30 d group than in control group (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The level of PTEN/PI3K/VEGF signaling pathway change after establishment of rabbit Kawasaki disease model and the signaling pathway might be involved in this model.

Randomized phase III trial of prophylactic cranial irradiation versus observation in patients with fully resected stage IIIA-N2 nonsmall-cell lung cancer and high risk of cerebral metastases after adjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: This study compared prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) with observation in patients with resected stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and high risk of cerebral metastases after adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this open-label, randomized, phase III trial, patients with fully resected postoperative pathologically confirmed stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC and high cerebral metastases risk without recurrence after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive PCI (30 Gy in 10 fractions) or observation. The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary end points included the incidence of brain metastases, overall survival (OS), toxicity and quality of life. RESULTS: This trial was terminated early after the random assignment of 156 patients (81 to PCI group and 75 to control group). The PCI group had significantly lengthened DFS compared with the control group, with a median DFS of 28.5 months versus 21.2 months [hazard ratio (HR), 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-0.98; P = 0.037]. PCI was associated with a decrease in risk of brain metastases (the actuarial 5-year brain metastases rate, 20.3% versus 49.9%; HR, 0.28; 95% CI 0.14-0.57; P < 0.001). The median OS was 31.2 months in the PCI group and 27.4 months in the control group (HR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.56-1.16; P = 0.310). While main toxicities were headache, nausea/vomiting and fatigue in the PCI group, they were generally mild. CONCLUSION: In patients with fully resected postoperative pathologically confirmed stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC and high risk of cerebral metastases after adjuvant chemotherapy, PCI prolongs DFS and decreases the incidence of brain metastases.

First Observation of the Hadronic Transition ϒ(4S)→ηh(b)(1P) and New Measurement of the h(b)(1P) and η(b)(1S) Parameters.

Using a sample of 771.6×10(6) ϒϒ(4S) decays collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider, we observe, for the first time, the transition ϒ(4S)→ηh(b)(1P) with the branching fraction B[ϒ(4S)→ηh(b)(1P)]=(2.18±0.11±0.18)×10(-3) and we measure the h(b)(1P) mass M(h(b)(1P))=(9899.3±0.4±1.0) MeV/c(2), corresponding to the hyperfine (HF) splitting ΔM(HF)(1P)=(0.6±0.4±1.0) MeV/c(2). Using the transition h(b)(1P)→γη(b)(1S), we measure the η(b)(1S) mass M(η(b)(1S))=(9400.7±1.7±1.6) MeV/c(2), corresponding to ΔM(HF)(1S)=(59.6±1.7±1.6) MeV/c(2), the η(b)(1S) width Γ(η(b)(1S))=(8(-5)(+6)±5) MeV/c(2) and the branching fraction B[h(b)(1P)→γη(b)(1S)]=(56±8±4)%.