Electrode and Electrolyte Co-Energy-Storage Electrochemistry Enables High-Energy Zn-S Decoupled Batteries.

In the search for next-generation green energy storage solutions, Cu-S electrochemistry has recently gained attraction from the battery community owing to its affordability and exceptionally high specific capacity of 3350 mAh gs -1. However, the inferior conductivity and substantial volume expansion of the S cathode hinder its cycling stability, while the low output voltage limits its energy density. Herein, a hollow carbon sphere (HCS) is synthesized as a 3D conductive host to achieve a stable S@HCS cathode, which enables an outstanding cycling performance of 2500 cycles (over 9 months). To address the latter, a Zn//S@HCS alkaline-acid decoupled cell is configured to increase the output voltage from 0.18 to 1.6 V. Moreover, an electrode and electrolyte co-energy storage mechanism is proposed to offset the reduction in energy density resulting from the extra electrolyte required in Zn//S decoupled cells. When combined, the Zn//S@HCS alkaline-acid decoupled cell delivers a record energy density of 334 Wh kg-1 based on the mass of the S cathode and CuSO4 electrolyte. This work tackles the key challenges of Cu-S electrochemistry and brings new insights into the rational design of decoupled batteries.

The association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease often accompanied by low-grade inflammation. Recently, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has garnered researchers' interest as an emerging inflammation biomarker. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between NLR and T2DM using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. METHOD: We employed a cross-sectional study design to analyze data from five NHANES cycles from 2007 to 2016, excluding individuals with incomplete data. This study utilized a weighted logistic regression model, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis to assess the potential relationship between NLR and T2DM. RESULTS: A total of 9903 participants were eligible for the analysis, of which 1280 were diagnosed with T2DM. The T2DM group exhibited significantly higher NLR levels than the non-T2DM group. After adjusting for potential confounders, elevated NLR levels were associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM, indicated by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.14, 95% CI: (1.05,1.24), P = 0.003. The results of the subgroup analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between NLR and T2DM concerning race and hypertension (P for interaction < 0.05). In contrast, no significant interactions were found for age, sex, education level, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, recreational activities, and alcohol drinker (P for interaction > 0.05). RCS analysis showed a significant non-linear relationship between NLR and T2DM, with an inflection point at 2.27 (all P for non-linearity < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with a higher risk of T2DM.

Young osteocyte-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate osteogenesis by transferring tropomyosin-1.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can undergo inadequate osteogenesis or excessive adipogenesis as they age due to changes in the bone microenvironment, ultimately resulting in decreased bone density and elevated risk of fractures in senile osteoporosis. This study aims to investigate the effects of osteocyte senescence on the bone microenvironment and its influence on BMSCs during aging. RESULTS: Primary osteocytes were isolated from 2-month-old and 16-month-old mice to obtain young osteocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (YO-EVs) and senescent osteocyte-derived EVs (SO-EVs), respectively. YO-EVs were found to significantly increase alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization deposition, and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in BMSCs, while SO-EVs promoted BMSC adipogenesis. Neither YO-EVs nor SO-EVs exerted an effect on the osteoclastogenesis of primary macrophages/monocytes. Our constructed transgenic mice, designed to trace osteocyte-derived EV distribution, revealed abundant osteocyte-derived EVs embedded in the bone matrix. Moreover, mature osteoclasts were found to release osteocyte-derived EVs from bone slices, playing a pivotal role in regulating the functions of the surrounding culture medium. Following intravenous injection into young and elderly mouse models, YO-EVs demonstrated a significant enhancement of bone mass and biomechanical strength compared to SO-EVs. Immunostaining of bone sections revealed that YO-EV treatment augmented the number of osteoblasts on the bone surface, while SO-EV treatment promoted adipocyte formation in the bone marrow. Proteomics analysis of YO-EVs and SO-EVs showed that tropomyosin-1 (TPM1) was enriched in YO-EVs, which increased the matrix stiffness of BMSCs, consequently promoting osteogenesis. Specifically, the siRNA-mediated depletion of Tpm1 eliminated pro-osteogenic activity of YO-EVs both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that YO-EVs played a crucial role in maintaining the balance between bone resorption and formation, and their pro-osteogenic activity declining with aging. Therefore, YO-EVs and the delivered TPM1 hold potential as therapeutic targets for senile osteoporosis.

[Pathogenesis of ferroptosis on chronic kidney disease and traditional Chinese medicine intervention: a review].

Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is an insidious disease that has become a significant global public health issue due to its high incidence rate, low awareness, low diagnostic rate, poor prognosis, and high medical costs. Recent studies have shown that CKD development is associated with varying degrees of ferroptosis features. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) can regulate iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant systems to inhibit ferroptosis and delay the progression of CKD. Consequently, the intervention mechanism of ferroptosis has become one of the focuses of CKD research. TCM has thousands of years of traditional experience and wisdom. It focuses on the overall regulation of human body functions and can stimulate the body's disease resistance and recovery capabilities, which has certain advantages in treating CKD. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive articles on the application of TCM in intervening ferroptosis to treat CKD and the pathogenesis of ferroptosis in CKD. Therefore, this article summarizes the latest research progress both domestically and internationally, briefly introduces the main mechanisms of ferroptosis, and systematically reviews the relationship between ferroptosis and CKD. The article integrates TCM theories related to ferroptosis in CKD, including "deficiency" "stasis" "phlegm turbidity" and "toxins" and summarizes the research status of active ingredients and herbal formulas in intervening ferroptosis to treat CKD. By considering ferroptosis from a new perspective, this article aims to provide new targets and directions for the application of TCM in treating CKD.

Ångstrom-scale silver particles ameliorate collagen-induced and K/BxN-transfer arthritis in mice via the suppression of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: Nanoparticles (NPs) hold a great promise in combating rheumatoid arthritis, but are often compromised by their toxicities because the currently used NPs are usually synthesized by chemical methods. Our group has previously fabricated Ångstrom-scale silver particles (AgÅPs) and demonstrated the anti-tumor and anti-sepsis efficacy of fructose-coated AgÅPs (F-AgÅPs). This study aimed to uncover the efficacy and mechanisms of F-AgÅPs for arthritis therapy. METHODS: We evaluated the efficacy of F-AgÅPs in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. We also compared the capacities of F-AgÅPs, the commercial AgNPs, and the clinical drug methotrexate (MTX) in protecting against K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis (STA) mice. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of F-AgÅPs and AgNPs on inflammation, osteoclast formation, synoviocytes migration, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the toxicities of F-AgÅPs and AgNPs in vitro and in vivo were also tested. RESULTS: F-AgÅPs significantly prevented bone erosion, synovitis, and cartilage damage, attenuated rheumatic pain, and improved the impaired motor function in mouse models of CIA or STA, the anti-rheumatic effects of which were comparable or stronger than AgNPs and MTX. Further studies revealed that F-AgÅPs exhibited similar or greater inhibitory abilities than AgNPs to suppress inflammation, osteoclast formation, synoviocytes migration, and MMPs production. No obvious toxicities were observed in vitro and in vivo after F-AgÅPs treatment. CONCLUSIONS: F-AgÅPs can effectively alleviate arthritis without notable toxicities and their anti-arthritic effects are associated with the inhibition of inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, synoviocytes migration, and MMPs production. Our study suggests the prospect of F-AgÅPs as an efficient and low-toxicity agent for arthritis therapy.

Tirofiban for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Receiving Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Tirofiban has been used as a rescue when thrombectomy is not successful in endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but the use of tirofiban after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirofiban combined with IVT in AIS compared with not receiving tirofiban. METHODS: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for all relevant studies published up to August 31, 2021. The safety endpoints included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality. The efficacy endpoint was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at the 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Seven articles (1,036 patients) were included. Of these, 444 patients received tirofiban, and 592 patients did not. Meta-analysis showed that tirofiban did not increase the risk of sICH (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.50-1.93; p = 0.96), any ICH (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.63-1.39; p = 0.75) or mortality (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.39-1.15; p = 0.15) and tended to be associated with a favorable functional outcome (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.99-1.78; p = 0.06) in patients with AIS. Subgroup analysis showed that bridging therapy combined with tirofiban could reduce mortality (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.23-0.98; p = 0.04). Tirofiban significantly improved the favorable functional outcome in patients with IVT only (non-EVT) (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.30-3.02; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Intravenous tirofiban could be safe for patients with AIS undergoing IVT, regardless of receiving EVT. Intravenous tirofiban may reduce mortality rates for patients undergoing bridging therapy. It also could increase the likelihood of a favorable functional outcome, especially for patients receiving IVT only.

Adiponectin overexpression promotes fracture healing through regulating the osteogenesis and adipogenesis balance in osteoporotic mice.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis invariably manifests as loss of bone, which is replaced by adipose tissue; this can easily lead to fractures, accompanied by delayed and poor healing. Adiponectin (APN) balances osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Therefore, this study explored whether adiponectin promotes bone fracture healing by regulating the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used adenovirus overexpression vectors carrying APN (Ad-APN-GFP) to treat ovariectomized (OVX) mouse BMSCs and osteoporotic bone fractures to investigate the role of APN in bone microenvironment metabolism in osteoporotic fractures. We subsequently established an OVX mice and bone fracture model using Ad-APN-GFP treatment to investigate whether APN could promote bone fracture healing in osteoporotic mice. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that APN is a critical molecule in diverse differentiation directions in OVX mouse BMSCs, with pro-osteogenesis and anti-adipogenesis properties. Importantly, our study revealed that Ad-APN-GFP treatment facilitates bone generation and healing around the osteoporotic fracture ends. Moreover, we identified that Sirt1 and Wnt signaling were closely related to the pro-osteogenesis and anti-adipogenesis commitment of APN in OVX mouse BMSCs and femoral tissues. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that APN overexpression facilitates bone fracture healing in osteoporosis. Furthermore, APN overexpression promoted bone formation in OVX mouse BMSCs and bone fracture ends by regulating the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.

Characterization and fitness cost analysis of two plasmids carrying different subtypes of blaNDM in aquaculture farming.

In recent years, the blaNDM gene, which mediate resistance to carbapenems, has disseminated all over the world, and has also been detected in animals. Understanding the dissemination and accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a human-impacted environment is essential to solve the food safety problems caused by antibiotics. In this study, two strains of carbapenem bacteria carrying blaNDM were screened from 244 strains isolated from two T. sinensis farms in Zhejiang province, China. After their plasmids were isolated and sequenced, their structure and gene environment were analyzed and the mechanism of blaNDM gene transfer was explored. The study measured the fitness cost of plasmids carrying different blaNDM subtypes by four biological characteristics experiments. The results showed that the fitness cost of IncC plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 was higher than that of IncX3 plasmid carrying blaNDM-5. Furthermore, the real-time PCR showed that the decrease of transcription level of fitness-related genes lead to the different fitness cost of plasmids carrying different blaNDM subtypes. Fitness of many blaNDM-harboring plasmids enhanced the further dissemination of this gene and increase the risk of blaNDM gene spreading in aquatic environment, and thus further investigation of carbapenem-resistant bacterias among food animals are in urgent need.

'On Water'-Promoted Three-Component Tandem Michael Addition/D-A Cycloaddition Reaction to Construct Polycyclic N-Heterocycles Derivatives.

'On Water'-promoted the three-component tandem Michael addition/D-A cycloaddition reaction in 80 °C at 3 h has been developed without employing any catalyst and organic solvent. The process allows facile access to polycyclic N-heterocycles derivatives contain indole and maleimide from easily accessible starting materials in moderate to high yields (up to 91 %). Compared with conventional reaction conditions, this reaction not only improves the reaction efficiency and rate but also minimizes the side reaction.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Complications among Various Reduction Malarplasty.

BACKGROUND: Reduction malarplasty is one of the most common aesthetic procedures to improve a wide bizygomatic width and a prominent zygomatic body. Although there are various kinds of modifications, any method is imperfect, while some complications may occur. The purpose of this review was to compare kinds of complications of reduction malarplasty to provide certain suggestions for clinical application. METHODS: A comprehensive computerized search of scientific literature was performed via the PubMed, Web of Science, and Library of Congress databases, involved in articles from January 1st, 1983 to February 28th, 2022. The outcomes were extracted and analyzed by 3 independent authors, including patient demographics, diagnoses, surgical techniques, postoperative outcomes, and complications. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies covering 6611 patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The L-shaped osteotomy may obtain a better effect when someone has both zygomatic body and arch protrusion. In the view of complications, our conclusion suggested that L-shaped osteotomy without bony resection reduced the zygomatic complex effectively with the lowest incidence of postoperative complications (0.02%). But the amount of bone resection is limited. If increasing bone resection is necessary, L-shaped osteotomy with long arm bony resection and L-shaped osteotomy with short arm bony resection are both preferable choices with lowest incidence of structural and functional complications, respectively. CONCLUSION: L-shaped osteotomy may obtain a better effect when a patient has both zygomatic body and arch protrusion. L-shaped osteotomy without bony resection reduced the zygomatic complex effectively with the lowest incidence of postoperative complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Intelligent biogenic pH-sensitive and amine-responsive color-changing label for real-time monitoring of shrimp freshness.

BACKGROUND: This study developed an intelligent, pH-sensitive and amine-responsive colorimetric label based on chitosan, whey protein and thymol blue by controlling the pH value of the film-forming solution. The obtained label was used to monitor shrimp freshness in real time. The results of this study offer a new approach for developing highly intelligent biogenic labels for freshness monitoring during seafood preservation and processing. RESULTS: The pH 2.0 chitosan-whey protein-thymol blue (CWT-pH 2.0) label exhibited remarkable properties, including the highest tensile strength (5.90 MPa), excellent thermal stability, low water solubility (27.80%) and highly sensitive color responsiveness. The characterization techniques of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the effective immobilization of thymol blue within the film-forming matrix through hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the CWT-pH 2.0 label demonstrated visible color changes in the presence of volatile ammonia concentrations ranging from 25 to 25 000 ppm. Consequently, the label successfully facilitated real-time monitoring of shrimp freshness during storage at 4 °C. Importantly, the release rate of thymol blue from the label in food simulants was minimal, measuring only 2.53%. CONCLUSION: The CWT-pH 2.0 label exhibits significant potential as a highly intelligent biogenic label for freshness monitoring in seafood preservation and processing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Correlation anisotropy driven Kosterlitz-Thouless-type quantum phase transition in a Kondo simulator.

The precise manipulation of the quantum states of individual atoms/molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces is one of the most exciting frontiers in nanophysics, enabling us to realize novel single molecular logic devices and quantum information processing. Herein, by modeling an iron phthalocyanine molecule adsorbed on the Au(111) surface with a two-impurity Anderson model, we demonstrate that the quantum states of such a system could be adjusted by the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy Dz. For negative Dz, the ground state is dominated by a parallel configuration of the z component of local spins, whereas it turns to be an antiparallel one when Dz becomes positive. Interestingly, we found that these two phases are separated by a Kosterlitz-Thouless-type quantum phase transition, which is confirmed by the critical behaviors of the transmission coefficient and the local magnetic moment. Both phases are associated with spin correlation anisotropy, thus move against the Kondo effect. When the external magnetic field is applied, it first plays a role in compensating for the effect of Dz, and then it contributes significantly to the Zeeman effect for positive Dz, accompanied by the reappearance and the splitting of the Kondo peak, respectively. For fixed negative Dz, only the Zeeman behavior is revealed. Our results provide deep insights into the manipulation of the quantum phase within a single molecular junction.

Intraoperative condylar positioning techniques on mandible in orthognathic surgery.

PURPOSE: The surgical condylar displacement often resulted in relapse and serious symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) after orthognathic surgery. To minimize the displacement, numerous techniques have been proposed. To verify their accuracy in positioning and effectiveness in preventing post-operative TMD and relapse, we reviewed the literature related to intraoperative condylar positioning techniques on the mandible in this study. METHODS: The literature on condylar positioning techniques was reviewed with two charts, including the non-computer-assisted and the computer-assisted positioning methods. The pre- and post-operative alterations of condyles, the post-operative temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and surgical relapse were analysed regarding the techniques. The clinical usage and characteristics were reviewed as well. RESULTS: A total of 22 articles, including 907 patients, have been reported since 2001. Nearly all methods reach a considerable positioning accuracy within the range of 1-2 mm and 1-2° from the pre-operative position. We ranked the accuracy of the methods from high to low: CAD/CAM CPDs > CAD/CAM titanium plate positioning > manual positioning > computer-assisted navigation systems > imaging positioning systems. Most skeletal class II and class III patients achieved great occlusion and had no TMJ dysfunction or relapse after condylar positioning. CONCLUSIONS: Both the non-computer-assisted and computer-assisted condylar positioning techniques reach considerable accuracy in locating the pre-operative condyle position and preventing TMJ dysfunction and surgical relapse. Different levels of surgeons and cases can benefit from multiple suggested positioning methods. Further research with large samples and long-term follow-up is worth looking forward to upgrading the current methods, improving the clinical utility and developing new positioning techniques.

Surgical Guides and Prebent Titanium Improve the Planning for the Treatment of Dentofacial Deformities Secondary to Condylar Osteochondroma.

PURPOSE: To investigate current Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies applied in the treatment of dentofacial deformities secondary to condylar osteochondroma and introduce a modified method with additional pre-bent titanium miniplates to improve the accuracy of operation. METHODS: Literature review about the application of CAD/CAM in the treatment of condylar osteochondroma and secondary dentofacial deformities was conducted. And 8 patients with condylar osteochondroma and secondary dentofacial deformities were treated by the CAD/CAM cutting and drilling surgical guides as well as pre-bent titanium miniplates. Pre- and post-operative 3D-cephalometric measurement were recorded and the difference between virtual simulation and postoperative modeling images was measured. Follow-up and radiographic examinations were performed. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies (including 216 patients) about the application of CAD/CAM in the treatment of dentofacial deformities secondary to condylar osteochondroma have been reported since 2010, including the 8 present patients. In our study, all patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome, without obvious relapse or evidence of temporomandibular joint disorder or other complications during follow-up; all patients avoided condylar reconstruction and sagittal split of ramus osteotomy on the ipsilateral mandible side. Comparison between simulated plans and actual postoperative outcomes showed surgical simulation plan was accurately transferred to the actual surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The application of CAD/CAM cutting and drilling guides as well as pre-bent titanium plates could achieve more accurate and favorable outcomes, improving the clinical planning and surgical execution for patients with condylar osteochondroma and secondary dentofacial deformities.

CRISPR-Cas systems are present predominantly on chromosome and its relationship with MEGs in Vibrio species.

Bacteria have developed diverse strategies to counteract virus predation, one of which is the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated (Cas) proteins immune defense system. In this study, the structure and function of the CRISPR-Cas system in 120 Vibrio strains were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, as well as the correlation between CRISPR and mobile genetic elements (MEGs). Only 61 Vibrio strains contained one or more CRISPR structures, and finally 102 CRISPRs were identified. The typical repeat size was 28 bp, and the total length of CRISPRs is nearly 60 bp, which was the most stable length of CRISPR in Vibrio strains. The types of CRISPR-Cas present in 61 strains were I-C, I-E, I-F, II-B, III-B, III-D and the rare type IV systems. Through principal component analysis, we found that Cas gene was most closely related to CRISPR. In addition, phages and plasmids were also highly correlated, showing negative correlation with CRISPR-Cas system. CRISPR-Cas predominantly present on chromosome within Vibrio while rarely in plasmids. Comparing the structural characteristics of plasmids containing CRISPR and without CRISPR, we found plasmid pMBL287 with CRISPR contained a bacteriophage f237, with more MGES, suggesting the diversity was greater. In addition, the same mobile genetic elements IS256 and ISL3 were found in the upstream and downstream of CRISPR. This study provides the prevalence, diversity and phylogenetic distribution of CRISPR-Cas in Vibrio, revealing which type of CRISPR-Cas system is predominant, and the factors affecting its function, as well as its relationship with mobile genetic elements.

Syntheses and Transformations of Sulfoximines.

Sulfoximines are widely used as medicines, agricultural chemicals, chiral precursors, and chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis, as well as pivotal intermediates for the construction of heterocyclic compounds. NH-sulfoximines may be synthesized from thioethers, sulfoxides, sulfilimines, and sulfinamides. NH-sulfoximines can undergo various transformations, such as arylations, alkylations, vinylations, and alkynylations. Here, we review the methods that have been applied to the syntheses and transformations of NH-sulfoximines.

Recent Progress on the Synthesis of Chiral Sulfones.

Chiral sulfones extensively exist in drugs, agricultural chemicals, chiral organic intermediates, and functional materials. Their importance causes the rapid development of their synthetic methods in recent years. Many transition metal complex catalysts with chiral ligands and chiral organocatalysts are adopted in synthesis of chiral sulfones. Most of the methods to construct chiral sulfones are based on the reduction of unsaturated sulfones and the introduction of sulfone groups into unsaturated hydrocarbons. This review describes all classes of asymmetric reactions for synthesis of chiral sulfones.

Unusual Deoxidative Coupling Reaction of ß-Sulfinyl Esters with Benzylic Trimethylammonium Salts.

A KOH-promoted unusual deoxidative coupling reaction of ß-sulfinyl esters with benzylic trimethylammonium salts to produce thioethers is discovered for the first time. If quaternary ammonium salts synthesized from enantiomerically enriched amines are adopted, highly enantiomerically enriched benzyl thioethers (>95-99% ee) with configurations opposite to those of the enantiomerically enriched amines are obtained.

[Influence of placental pathological chorangiosis on neonates: an analysis of 450 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of placental pathological chorangiosis in the mother on the mortality of neonates and the incidence rate of complications. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the neonates who were hospitalized within 3 days after birth in the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, from July 2016 to February 2020. According to whether the placental pathology showed chorangiosis, the neonates were divided into an observation group and a control group (n=450 each). The two groups were analyzed in terms of general status, maternal comorbidities during pregnancy, neonatal mortality, and incidence rate of complications in neonates. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher cesarean section rate (P < 0.05) and a significantly higher incidence rate of maternal gestational hypertension (P < 0.05). The observation group had significantly higher incidence rates of congenital malformation, small-for-gestational-age birth, and low Apgar score than the control group (P < 0.05). The observation group also had significantly higher mortality rate and incidence rates of brain injury, retinopathy of prematurity, and extrauterine growth retardation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neonates born to mothers with placental pathological chorangiosis tend to have a higher morbidity rate and incidence rate of complications. It is important to improve the understanding of chorangiosis and provide intervention as soon as possible, in order to reduce complications and improve prognosis.

Early Risk Factors for the Duration of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Positivity in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has became a pandemic. However, information on early risk factors for the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral positivity is not yet available. METHODS: In this prospective study, a cohort of 137 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled. Clinical information and laboratory data were retrieved from electronic medical records. Viral positivity duration was calculated by the interval from the day of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive results to the day SARS-CoV-2 testing showed negative results in these 137 patients with COVID-19. Early risk factors for the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity were evaluated. RESULTS: The median SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity duration is 12 days (range, 4 to ~45) for this cohort. Cox regression results showed a significantly shorter viral positivity duration was related to younger age (hazard ratio [HR], .658; P = .017); disease not being severe (HR, .653; P = .076); higher lymphocyte (HR, 1.464; P = .033), eosinophil (HR, 1.514; P = .020), and CD8+ T-cell (HR, 1.745; P = .033) counts; and lower IL-6 (HR, .664; P = .036) and IL-10 (HR, .631; P = .021). Multivariate analysis with covariable-adjusted results showed that the CD8+ T-cell count (HR, 2.376; P= .114) was a predominant risk factor for the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show early laboratory parameters such as CD8+ T-cell count to be risk factors for the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity, which has significance in the control and prevention of the disease.