RESUMO
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is pleiotropic cytokine that has multiple effects in many inflammatory and immune diseases. This study reveals a potential role of MIF in acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and in kidney ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) mouse model in MIF wild-type (WT) and MIF knockout (KO) mice. Clinically, plasma and urinary MIF levels were largely elevated at the onset of AKI, declined to normal levels when AKI was resolved and correlated tightly with serum creatinine independent of disease causes. Experimentally, MIF levels in plasma and urine were rapidly elevated after IRI-AKI and associated with the elevation of serum creatinine and the severity of tubular necrosis, which were suppressed in MIF KO mice. It was possible that MIF may mediate AKI via CD74/TLR4-NF-κB signalling as mice lacking MIF were protected from AKI by largely suppressing CD74/TLR-4-NF-κB associated renal inflammation, including the expression of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, iNOS, CXCL15(IL-8 in human) and infiltration of macrophages, neutrophil, and T cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that MIF may be pathogenic in AKI and levels of plasma and urinary MIF may correlate with the progression and regression of AKI.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/sangue , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/sangue , Rim/patologia , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/sangue , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/sangue , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/urina , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangue , Citocinas/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/metabolismo , Humanos , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/genética , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/urina , Rim/imunologia , Rim/metabolismo , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/genética , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/urina , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/urina , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ILF3-AS1 in regulating the survival of melanoma and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: The relative expression level of ILF3-AS1 in melanoma was assessed by qPCR. The effect of ILF3-AS1 and PDK1 on the cell viability was tested by MTT assay. Glucose uptake colorimetric assay, lactate assay, the measurements of extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were performed to test the effect of ILF3-AS1 and PDK1 on the cellular glycolysis. Luciferase assay was conducted to detect the interactions of ILF3-AS1, miR-493-5p and PDK1. RNA immunoprecipitation chip (RIP) assay was used to detect the enrichments of ILF3-AS1 and miR-493-5p in the complex. Protein level of PDK1 was detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS: qPCR revealed that ILF3-AS1 was upregulated in human melanoma cell lines. MTT assay showed that ILF3-AS1 knockdown blunted cell proliferation, which was rescued by the overexpression of PDK1. Glucose uptake colorimetric assay, lactate assay, the measurements of ECAR and OCR indicated that ILF3-AS1 promoted glycolysis through PDK1. Western blotting results showed that ILF3-AS1 overexpression promoted PDK1 expression, which was prevented by miR-493-5p overexpression in SK-MEL-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: ILF3-AS1 promotes the aerobic glycolysis and survival of melanoma cells involving miR-493-5p/PDK1 pathway.