Fibrinolysis, renin activity, and prorenin in normal women: effects of exercise and oral contraceptive medication.

PIP: 25 young women, 13 of whom on oral contraception (OC), were observed to study the effects of exercise and of OC on the blood fibrinolytic and renin systems. It appeared very clearly that exercise would activate the fibrinolytic system, and that renin activity was also stimulated, suggesting a relationship between the 2 systems. The connection between exercise, fibrinolysis and prorenin activity was evidenced by an exercise-induced drop in the proportion of inactive renin and fibrinolytic activity, and in the presence of contraceptive-induced activation of fibrinolysis. OC did not seem to raise plasma prorenin above the control value, but it did raise active-renin, especially late in the menstrual cycel.^ieng

Plasminogen activator levels in plasma and urine during exercise and oral contraceptive use.

The effect of Demulen (ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg and ethynodiol diacetate 1 mg) and exercise on the level of plasminogen activators was studied in 25 women (12 controls and 13 contraceptive users). Plasma plasminogen activator level was increased by the use of the oral contraceptive and further increased by exercise. Urine plasminogen activator level was unchanged by the use of Demulen but, in both groups of subjects, was decreased by exercise.

Effects of oral contraceptives on lipoprotein lipids: a prospective study.

One hundred sixty-nine healthy women, aged 17 to 29 years, nonsmokers or light smokers (fewer than ten cigarettes per day), were assigned randomly to take one of five oral contraceptives: 1) 100 micrograms mestranol plus 0.5 mg ethynodiol diacetate (100 M + 0.5 ED); 2) 100 micrograms mestranol plus 1.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (100 M + 1.0 ED); 3) 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 1.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (50 EE + 1.0 ED); 4) 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 2.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (30 EE + 2.0 ED); or 5) 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 0.15 mg levonorgestrel (30 EE + 0.15 NG). One hundred forty-seven women completed the study. When assessed for within-group differences, all preparation caused a statistically significant increase in total triglyceride (from 17.0 to 46.4 mg/dL), total cholesterol (from 6.3 to 24.4 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (from 7.0 to 10.3 mg/dL). Effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol varied widely. The product 100 M + 0.5 ED markedly increased (9.9 mg/dL) HDL cholesterol. Neither 100 M + 1.0 ED nor 50 EE + 1.0 ED altered HDL cholesterol levels, whereas both preparations containing 30 micrograms estrogen showed decreases: the preparation containing 2.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate lowered HDL cholesterol by 3.6 mg/dL and that containing 0.15 mg levonorgestrel lowered it by 6.9 mg/dL. Specific between-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences between differing amounts of estrogen (50 EE + 1.0 ED versus 100 M + 1.0 ED).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The effect of oral contraceptive estrogen on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.

The changes of fibrinogen, antithrombin activity, spontaneous fibrinolytic activity, plasminogen and fibrinogen degradation products were studied in women, aged 18 to 30 years, who were using oral contraceptive preparations. Blood samples were obtained before use, as well as during the first month and again after several months of use. The results were divided into three groups based on the antiovulatory activity of the estrogen component of the oral contraceptive, ie. Mestranol, 50 mu-g, Mestranol 80 mu-g or Ethinyl estradiol 50 mu-g and Mestranol 100 mu-g. In each of the three groups there was a similar pattern of increase in spontaneous fibrinolytic activity and plasminogen but decrease in antithrombin levels during the monthly cycles. The fibrinogen level was increased in the first month of oral contraceptive use in the three groups but after several months of use the pattern of change seen in the first month was repeated with the lower estrogen compounds, but in the group using the preparation with 100 mu-g Mestranol, the fibrinogen level returned to that of the control month. The level of fibrinogen degradation products remained unchanged.

Hemostatic changes induced by exercise during oral contraceptive use.

Exercise-induced changes in hemostatic measurements were studied in 25 women. Twelve of the subjects were not using oral contraceptives and the remainder were using Demulen (ethynodiol diacetate (1 mg) and ethinyl estradiol (0.05 mg)). Exercise on a treadmill induced similar changes in both groups, but during the use of Demulen the levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen were higher, antithrombin level was lower, and the recalcified clotting and dilute whole blood lysis times were shorter in group 2 than in the corresponding samples obtained from the nonpill users.