A Novel ABO Gene Variant Leads to Discrepant Results in Forward/Reverse and Molecular Blood Grouping.

BACKGROUND: Discrepant results in antigen and reverse ABO blood typing are often caused by a variant ABO gene. Molecular analysis can help to characterize such variants. Here, we describe the identification of a novel ABO gene variant in a patient with aberrant ABO phenotype and discrepant genotyping results. METHODS: A patient with discrepant results in automated forward and reverse ABO phenotyping was further investigated by serological (gel and tube technique) and molecular (commercial and inhouse PCR-SSP, DNA sequencing) methods. A PCR-SSP system was established to screen the novel mutation in 1,820 blood donors. RESULTS: Standard serological tests confirmed blood group O, however, only anti-B isoagglutinins were present. A monoclonal anti-AB antibody detected very weak agglutination in gel technique. Standard ABO genotyping using PCR-SSP led to discrepant results (O(1)/O(1) or O(1)/A) depending on the test system used. ABO exon re-sequencing identified a novel missense mutation in exon 6 at position 248A>G (Asp83Gly) in the binding region of PCR-SSP primers for the detection of 261G alleles. Blood donors with regular ABO blood groups were all negative for the 248G allele designated Aw34. CONCLUSION: The novel ABO gene variant Aw34 is associated with very weak A antigen expression and absent anti-A isoagglutinins. The mutation is located in exon 6 close to the O(1)-specific 261G deletion in the binding region of PCR-SSP primers. Presumably, depending on the primer concentration used in commercial ABO genotyping kits, the mutation could lead to a false-negative reaction.

Rapid prediction of multi-dimensional NMR data sets.

We present a computational environment for Fast Analysis of multidimensional NMR DAta Sets (FANDAS) that allows assembling multidimensional data sets from a variety of input parameters and facilitates comparing and modifying such "in silico" data sets during the various stages of the NMR data analysis. The input parameters can vary from (partial) NMR assignments directly obtained from experiments to values retrieved from in silico prediction programs. The resulting predicted data sets enable a rapid evaluation of sample labeling in light of spectral resolution and structural content, using standard NMR software such as Sparky. In addition, direct comparison to experimental data sets can be used to validate NMR assignments, distinguish different molecular components, refine structural models or other parameters derived from NMR data. The method is demonstrated in the context of solid-state NMR data obtained for the cyclic nucleotide binding domain of a bacterial cyclic nucleotide-gated channel and on membrane-embedded sensory rhodopsin II. FANDAS is freely available as web portal under WeNMR ( http://www.wenmr.eu/services/FANDAS ).

Development of Haemophilia Treatment in the Eastern Part of Germany over the Last Decade in the Kompetenznetz Hämorrhagische Diathese Ost (KHDO).

INTRODUCTION: In 2005 the Kompetenznetz Hämorrhagische Diathese Ost published epidemiologic data about patients with haemophilia A (HA) and haemophilia B (HB) in the eastern part of Germany. This study provides data about the development of treatment in these patients over the past 10 years. METHODS: Data from 12 haemophilia centres in eastern Germany were retrospectively collected for the year 2015 from patients' records. RESULTS: We evaluated 413 patients (115 children, 298 adults) with HA or HB. A total of 286 patients (69.2%) had severe haemophilia (patients with severe haemophilia, PWSH). Compared with 2005, the proportion PWSH on prophylaxis increased from 90% to 98.8% in children and from 64% to 80.2% in adults. The use of plasma-derived factor concentrates decreased from >70% to 55.3% in children and to 55.1% in adults. Mean annual factor consumption in PWSH without inhibitor was higher in 2015 compared with 2005 (children with HA: 151,489 vs. 98,894; adults with HA: 217,151 vs. 151,394; children with HB: 105,200 vs. 64,256; adults with HB: 159,185 vs. 85,295). Median annualized bleeding (annualized bleeding rate, ABR) and joint bleeding rates (annualized joint bleeding rate, AJBR) in 2015 were 2 and 0 in children and 3 and 0 in adults, respectively. In 2015 only one child (1.2%) but 101 (53.2%) adults with severe haemophilia were anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) positive. The rate of anti-HCV positive patients with active hepatitis C dropped from 63.8% to 12.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Within the last decade more patients with severe haemophilia were switched to a prophylactic regimen going along with a moderate increase in factor consumption achieving a low ABR and AJBR.

Prospective pilot study on the incidence of infections caused by peripheral venous catheters at a general surgical ward.

Device-associated infections comprise a significant proportion of all nosocomial infections. In this prospective, observational pilot study the incidence of infections in 89 peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) was documented on a general surgical ward employing an infection data sheet developed by the Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald in adherence to CDC standards for infections. 16 of 20 infections were documented during a four-week time period when medical students in the first four months of their practical year performed their compulsory rotation on the general surgical ward. Insufficient knowledge of adequate hygienic measures as well as non-compliance to aseptical procedural measures prior to and following insertion of a peripheral venous catheter are the assumed instigators of these infections. In order to ensure a uniform hygienic standard in the performance of applied procedures, it is essential that medical students during this practical year receive not only theoretical, but also hands-on schooling prior to initiation of their subsequent official residency.