Spatial distribution of Haemaphysalis species ticks and human Kyasanur Forest Disease cases along the Western Ghats of India, 2017-2018.

Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a viral haemorrhagic fever, transmitted to humans and other hosts by a tick vector of genus Haemaphysalis. It affects 400-500 people annually in the Western Ghats region of India through spring to summer season. To understand the species composition, distribution, and abundance of Haemaphysalis ticks in endemic taluks (sub-districts) of India, a surveillance for ticks was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018. In total 105 sites were selected based on grid sampling from five taluks representing five KFD endemic states in south India. A sum of 8373 ticks were collected by using standard flagging method. The study showed a wide distribution of host seeking tick species among the selected taluks, wherein Haemaphysalis spinigera was predominant in 3/5 taluks, Haemaphysalis bispinosa in 1/5 taluks, and both the species in 1/5 taluks. Further, the H. spinigera abundance was categorised and compared with the incidence of human cases during the same season. The grids with very high and high H. spinigera abundance had 70% of the 205 human cases reported. This method of tick surveillance could be efficiently used as a standard model for KFD transmission risk assessment and prediction of impending outbreaks.

Bilateral orthodontic extractions using physics versus conventional forceps among Indian patients.

It is of interest to assess whether or not physics forceps are superior to traditional forceps for the extraction of premolar teeth in orthodontic procedures. Tooth and buccal bone fractures, as well as extraction time, lacerated gingiva, postoperative discomfort, and infection, were all measured in this research of both types of forceps extraction. Twenty individuals who need orthodontic extraction on both jaws were enrolled in the research. One arch's premolars were removed in two appointments, the first using Physics forceps and the second using conventional ones. The subsequent assignment included extraction from the obverse arch. Intraoperative evaluations included assessments of factors such as tooth and buccal bone fractures, surgical time, and gingival lacerations; postoperative assessments of pain and infection were conducted on days 1, 3, and 7. With physics forceps, the average time to remove a patient's mandible was 86.55 seconds, whereas traditional forceps required just 35.70 seconds. Using traditional forceps, the average pain score was 0.865 on day one after surgery, but with physics forceps, it was 3.30. The use of physics forceps resulted in one buccal bone fracture out of twenty premolar extractions. That so, no meaningful statistical change was seen. There was no tooth damage or post-operative infection with either set of forceps, it was found. Each forceps caused a Grade I laceration to the gingiva. The average time required removing a maxillary using physics forceps was 224.05 seconds, whereas the time required doing it with conventional forceps was 141.50 seconds. On a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the average first-day pain after surgery using physics forceps was 4.90, whereas using traditional forceps resulted in just 3.15. The difference between using physics forceps and regular forceps was statistically significant by the third postoperative day (2.05 vs 0.75). There was a statistically insignificant increase in the occurrence of buccal bone fracture and tooth fracture while using physics forceps. Both forceps and scissors caused just grade I lacerations, and there was no postoperative infection. These findings suggest that the use of physics forceps, as opposed to conventional forceps, may significantly lengthen the time required to remove orthodontic premolars on both sides of the mouth. Non-significant results were also found for additional criteria such as buccal bone fracture, tooth fracture, gingival laceration, and post-operative discomfort. When it comes to orthodontic premolar extraction, this research found that traditional forceps performed better than modern forceps across a range of measures, including intraoperative time and postoperative discomfort.

The Role of Prp in Third Molar Extraction Wounds: A Clinical Study.

It has become more common that after a mandibular third molar impaction operation, platelet concentrates have been shown to be useful in aiding the healing process. The patients were examined on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 7, the first month, and the second month following surgery. There was a slew of parameters to investigate and tally up. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 people with impacted mandibular third molars were included in the research. Patients' own blood platelets were used to make the transfusion more effective. One of the sockets was selected at random to serve as the test side. Instead of the other connector, the control socket was utilized. Results: There was no statistical difference between the test and control groups when it came to pain or soft tissue healing, according to a Mann-Whitney U test used to analyze the data. T test was performed to check for edema and density in the bones. Bone density measurements on the test side were significant, whereas measurements of edema on the test side were not. There was no alveolar osteitis on any of the subjects' limbs. Conclusion: Bone and soft tissue healing may be aided by platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Several growth components are included, which aid in the healing process.

The correction of post-traumatic pan facial residual deformity.

Disfiguring post-traumatic deformities of the midface sometimes persist even after the treatment. Such deformities, after healing, are among the most formidable challenges faced by the surgeons, apart from the psychological impact on the patients. Following the basic principles of craniofacial reconstruction and with newer techniques, better results can be achieved. Symmetry is key to proper reconstruction in general and face in particular. Proper facial projection and height must be re-established with harmonious occlusion. Our basic approach to the evaluation of deformities and particularly useful techniques for their correction are presented, with a representative case of malunited panfacial fracture that we treated with an iliac bone onlay grafting for zygoma along with correction of mandibular deformity by osteotomies.