Preoperative decolonization effective at reducing staphylococcal colonization in total joint arthroplasty patients.

Staphylococcus decolonization prior to surgery is used to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). To determine if current treatment protocols result in successful decolonization of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 106 consecutive patients were screened for nasal MSSA/MRSA colonization pre-operatively and on the day of surgery. Colonized patients used intranasal mupirocin twice a day and chlorhexidine showers daily 5 days prior to surgery. Pre-operatively, 24 joints (22.0%) were positive for MSSA colonization and 5 joints (4.6%) were positive for MRSA colonization. On the day of surgery, 3 joints (2.8%) who underwent decolonization were positive for MSSA colonization and 0 joints were positive for MRSA colonization. The reduction in MSSA colonization was significant (P<0.001), while the eradication of MRSA colonization approached statistical significance (P=0.063). Current decolonization protocols using intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine washes are effective for reducing MRSA/MSSA colonization.

Better function for fusions versus above-the-knee amputations for recurrent periprosthetic knee infection.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) after TKA is limited to fusions, above-the-knee amputations (AKAs), revision TKA, and antibiotic suppression and is often based on the patient's medical condition. However, when both fusion and AKA are options, it is important to compare these two procedures with regard to function. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Do patients receiving a knee fusion for PJI after TKA have better function compared to patients receiving an AKA? METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who were eligible for either fusion or AKA after PJI TKA. Thirty-seven patients underwent a fusion for PJIs after TKA between 1999 and 2010. Nine patients died postoperatively and eight patients were lost to followup, leaving 20 patients. Patients completed a specialized questionnaire about their fusion, and functional capability was assessed by the SF-12. We compared fusions to a previously published group of six patients who underwent AKA for recurrent PJI after TKA. RESULTS: For patients with fusion, community ambulators increased from five to 10 and nonambulators decreased from three to one. For patients with AKA, nonambulatory patients increased from zero to two, and community ambulators decreased from four to one. The SF-12 physical component summary measurements were higher for fusions (51) than for AKAs (26). The mental component summary was also higher in fusions (60) than in AKAs (44). Seventy percent of patients indicated they would undergo a fusion again instead of undergoing an amputation if they were presented with both options after undergoing their operation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving knee fusions for treating recurrent PJIs after TKA have better function and ambulatory status compared to patients receiving AKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See the Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Effect of immediate postoperative physical therapy on length of stay for total joint arthroplasty patients.

The isolated effect of physical therapy (PT) on total joint arthroplasty hospital length of stay (LOS) has not been studied. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 136 primary total joint arthroplasties (58 hips, 78 knees). The LOS was determined by the operative start time until the time of discharge. On postoperative day (POD) 0, 60 joints remained in bed, 51 moved to a chair, and 25 received PT (22 ambulated, 3 moved to a chair). Length of stay differed for patients receiving PT on POD 0 (2.8 ± 0.8 days) compared with POD 1 (3.7 ± 1.8 days) (P = .02). There was no difference in PT treatment based on nausea/vomiting, pain levels, or discharge location. Isolated PT intervention on POD 0 shortened hospital LOS, regardless of the intervention performed.

Should Aggressive Surgical Local Control Be Attempted in All Patients with Metastatic or Pelvic Ewing's Sarcoma?

In previous reports, patients with Ewing's sarcoma received radiation therapy (XRT) for definitive local control because metastatic disease and pelvic location were thought to preclude aggressive local treatment. We sought to determine if single-site metastatic disease should be treated differently from multicentric-metastatic disease. We also wanted to reinvestigate the impact of XRT, pelvic location, and local recurrence on outcomes. Our results demonstrated a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between patients with either localized disease or a single-metastatic site and patients with multicentric-metastatic disease (P = 0.004). Local control was also found to be an independent predictor of outcomes as demonstrated by a significant difference in OS between those with and without local recurrence (P = 0.001). Axial and pelvic location did not predict a decreased OS. Based on these results, we concluded that pelvic location and the diagnosis of metastatic disease at diagnosis should not preclude aggressive local control, except in cases of multicentric-metastatic disease.

Outcomes of revision total knee arthroplasty after methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is becoming a more frequent concern, as increased morbidity following TKA has been reported for infections by resistant organisms. This study investigates whether MRSA infections are associated with decreased functional scores. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore compared the functional scores, operative times, and rates of reinfection of revision TKA following MRSA infection versus other indications for revision. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed charts of 101 patients (103 knees) who underwent mobile bearing TKA revision from January 2003 to September 2006, with a minimum clinical followup of 2 years in 45 knees (44%). We obtained the following indices: WOMAC, Activities of Daily Living Score (ADLS), SF-36, and Knee Society scores (KSS). Three groups of revisions were compared: MRSA infection (n = 6), non-MRSA infection (n = 9), and aseptic failure (n = 30). The three groups were similar in demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS: The MRSA (166 minutes) and non-MRSA groups (149 minutes) had longer operative times than the aseptic group (121 minutes). With numbers available, there were no differences in ROM, WOMAC, ADLS, KSS, and SF-36, with MRSA separate or combined with all infections. Infection recurrence between MRSA-infected knees and non-MRSA-infected knees was similar. CONCLUSIONS: While our study was underpowered to detect functional differences between MRSA-infected knees and non-MRSA-infected knees it does add data to the literature. Knees revised for infection have longer operative times and more frequent infection after revision. The reason for increased operative times is unclear. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Evaluating the reoperation rate and hardware durability of three stabilizing implants for 105 malignant pathologic humerus fractures.

INTRODUCTION: Many patients sustaining a malignant pathologic humerus fracture (MPHF) elect for surgical stabilization. Complications prompting reoperation can occur, leading to additional quality of life and financial cost. One common event preceding reoperation is a broken implant (BI). The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of reoperation following surgical stabilization of MPHF with three techniques - photodynamic bone stabilization (PBS), intramedullary nail (IMN), and cemented plate fixation (CPF) - and estimate to what extent improved implant durability might prevent reoperation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective data collection was performed, identifying 105 procedures (100 patients) who underwent non-articular MPHF surgery from 2010-2016: 19 PBS, 65 IMN, 21 CPF. All patients were followed for at least two years or until death. RESULTS: Reoperation rates were similar at one year (10.5%,6.2%,4.8%, p = 737), two years (15.8%,6.2%,9.5%, p = 375), and final evaluation (15.8%,7.7%,14.3%, p = 248). The rate of BI for PBS, IMN, and CPF was 10.5%,0%, and 4.8% (p = 049 PBS/IMN) at one year, 15.8%,0%, and 9.5% (p = 010 PBS/IMN) at two years, and 15.8%,0%, and 14.3% (p = 010 IMN/PBS, p = 013 IMN/CPF) at final evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Reoperation rate was not significantly different at any time point. However, IMN surgery resulted in the lowest rate of broken implants (zero), statistically significant versus PBS at all time periods and versus CPF at final follow-up. PBS may eventually offer selected advantages for MPHF management, but current data suggests fragility must be thoughtfully considered.

Clinical Spectrum of Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly Population.

One hundred and fifty-two patients with congestive heart failure above 65 years of age were treated at The Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh in the calendar year 1992, forming 38% of the total number of inpatients with this condition for that year. Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and valvular diseases were the common etiological factors. Evidence for diastolic dysfunction was seen in 34% of patients by echocardiographic Doppler study. Atrial fibrillation was the most common arrhythmia. Acute or subacute dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom. Response to conventional treatment was excellent but readmissions for recurrence of congestive heart failure were very common. The in-hospital mortality of these patients in that year was 6%. The possible precipitating factors for recurrent admissions are discussed. In order to favorably control precipitating factors and reduce readmissions, a multicenter registry of congestive heart failure in the elderly is suggested.