Medication Discrepancies among Older Hospitalized Adults Discharged from Post-Acute Care Facilities to Home.

OBJECTIVES: The epidemiology of medication discrepancies during transitions from post-acute care (PAC) to home is poorly described. We sought to describe the frequency and types of medication discrepancies among hospitalized older adults transitioning from PAC to home. DESIGN: A nested cohort analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Included participants enrolled in a patient-centered deprescribing trial, for patients (aged ≥50 years and taking at least 5 medications) transitioning from one of 22 PACs to home. METHODS: We assessed demographic and medication measures at the initial hospitalization. The primary outcome measure was medication discrepancies, with the PAC discharge list serving as reference for comparison to the participant's self-reported medication list at 7 days following PAC discharge. Discrepancies were categorized as additions, omissions, and dose discrepancies and were organized by common medication classes and risk of harm (eg, 2015 Beers Criteria). Ordinal logistic regression assessed for patient risk factors for PAC discharge discrepancy count. RESULTS: A total of 184 participants had 7-day PAC discharge medication data. Participants were predominately female (67%) and Caucasian (83%) with a median of 16 prehospital medications [interquartile range (IQR) 11, 20]. At the 7-day follow-up, 98% of participants had at least 1 medication discrepancy, with a median number of 7 medication discrepancies (IQR 4, 10) per person, 4 (IQR 2, 6) of which were potentially inappropriate medications as defined by the Beers Criteria. Higher medication discrepancies at index hospital admission and receipt of caregiver assistance with medications were 2 key predictors of medication discrepancies in the week after PAC discharge to home. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Older patients transitioning home from a PAC facility are at high risk for medication discrepancies. This study underscores the need for interventions targeted at this overlooked transition period, especially as patients resume responsibility for managing their own medications after both a hospital and PAC stay.

Emergency department visits and hospital readmissions after a deprescribing intervention among hospitalized older adults.

BACKGROUND: Deprescribing is the planned/supervised method of dose reduction or cessation of medications that might be harmful, or no longer be beneficial. Though benefits of deprescribing are debatable in improving clinical outcomes, it has been associated with decreased number of potentially inappropriate medications, which may potentially reduce the risk of adverse events among hospitalized older adults. With unclear evidence for deprescribing in this population, this study aimed to examine time-to-first unplanned healthcare utilization, which included 90-day emergency department (ED) visits or hospital readmission and associated predictors, during a deprescribing intervention. METHODS: A secondary data analysis of a clinical trial (Shed-MEDS NCT02979353) was performed. Cox regression was used to compare the time-to-first 90-day ED visit/readmission/death from hospital discharge for the intervention and control groups. Additionally, we performed exploratory analysis of predictors (comorbidities, functional health status, drug burden index (DBI), hospital length of stay, health literacy, food insecurity, and financial burden) associated with the time-to-first 90-day ED visit/readmission/death. RESULTS: The hazard of first 90-day ED visits/readmissions/death was 15% lower in the intervention versus the control group (95% CI: 0.61-1.19, p = 0.352, respectively); however, this difference was not statistically significant. For every additional number of comorbidities (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21) and each additional day of hospital length of stay (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07) were significantly associated with a higher hazard of 90-day ED visit/readmission/death in the intervention group; whereas for each unit of increase in pre-hospital DBI score (HR: 1.08 and HR 1.16, respectively) was significantly associated with a higher hazard of 90-day ED visit/readmission/death in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention and control groups had comparable time-to-first 90-day ED visit/readmission/death during a deprescribing intervention. This finding suggests that deprescribing did not result in a higher risk of ED visit/readmission/death during the 90-day period following hospital discharge.