Portal or superior mesenteric vein resection in pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the added value of portal or superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection during pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma. METHODS: A multicentre observational study was conducted in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in seven Japanese hospitals between 2001 and 2012. Clinicopathological factors were compared between patients who did and did not undergo PV/SMV resection. Those with an impact on survival were identified by univariable and multivariable analysis. RESULTS: Of the 937 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 435 (46·4 per cent) had PV/SMV resection, whereas the remaining 502 (53·6 per cent) did not. Some 71·5 and 63·9 per cent of patients with and without PV/SMV resection respectively had lymph node-positive disease. Patients who underwent PV/SMV resection had more advanced tumours. Perioperative mortality and morbidity rates did not differ between the two groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that PV/SMV resection was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0·268). Among the 435 patients in whom the PV/SMV was resected, borderline resectable tumours with arterial abutment (P = 0·021) and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0·001) were independent predictors of poor survival in multivariable analysis. Patients with resectable or borderline resectable tumours with PV/SMV involvement had a median survival time with additional adjuvant chemotherapy of 43·7 and 29·7 months respectively. Median survival time in patients with borderline resectable tumours with arterial abutment was 18·6 months despite adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Pancreatoduodenectomy with PV/SMV resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma may provide good survival without increased mortality and morbidity.

The fifth epidermal growth factor-like region of thrombomodulin exerts cytoprotective function and prevents SOS in a murine model.

The present study found that the fifth epidermal growth factor-like domain of thrombomodulin (TME5) possesses the cytoprotective function in association with an increase in levels of anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia-1 protein in an activated protein C-independent manner in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Importantly, TME5 counteracted calcineurin inhibitor-induced vascular permeability and successfully prevented monocrotaline-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) in a murine model. Taken together, TME5 may be useful for preventing or treating lethal complications that develop after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation such as SOS and thrombotic microangiopathy in which endothelial cell damage has a role.

Case-control studies of prostate cancer in blacks and whites in southern California.

To identify risk factors for prostate cancer and to try to explain the high risk of blacks relative to whites, case-control interview studies of prostate cancer were conducted in both populations in southern California. Both studies included 142 pairs of cases and population controls matched on age. Cases in blacks were identified by the population-based tumor registry of Los Angeles County and cases in whites were identified by a population-based tumor registry of a southern California retirement community. A past history of venereal disease was associated with a high risk of prostate cancer in both populations [relative risk (RR) = 2.3 in whites; RR = 1.7 in blacks]. The result in blacks was statistically significant (P = .03). Black cases tended to have more frequent sexual intercourse than black controls at all ages; the difference became statistically significant for intercourse late in life. Data from controls suggested that, overall, blacks have earlier and more frequent sexual activity than whites, but the two populations were dissimilar in social class characteristics. Fat intake was a risk factor for prostate cancer in both populations, but vitamin A consumption and protein intake were inconsistently related or unrelated to prostate cancer risk. While beta-carotene was not consistently related to risk, there was some indication that in persons with low fat intake, low beta-carotene intake may be associated with high risk. Circumcision was negatively associated with risk in both populations (RR = 0.5 in whites; RR = 0.6 in blacks). These results are discussed in the context of major etiologic hypotheses for prostate cancer.

The roles played by the D2 and D3 domains of recombinant human thrombomodulin in its function.

Thrombomodulin (TM) is composed of five domains. We investigated the roles of the sixth epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like structure (E6) in the second domain (D2) and of an O-glycosylation site rich domain (D3) in the function of TM in more detail using deletion analysis. Two soluble mutants of TM, TMD123 and TMD12, and three deletion mutants lacking respectively 6, 16, and 38 C-terminal residues of the E6 portion, TMD12 delta 6, TMD12 delta 16, and TMD12 delta 38, were expressed in COS cells and purified. The results of protein C-activating cofactor assay showed that TMD12 delta 6, TMD12 delta 16, and TMD12 delta 38, which lack the C-terminal region, had remarkably weak cofactor activities in comparison with TMD123 (9.1, 1.4, and 1.1% of TMD123 activity, respectively). Similar findings were obtained for anticoagulant activity. These findings indicate that the last loop structure in E6 is required for full activity of recombinant human TM. We also determined in vivo stabilities of TMD12, TMD123, and TMD12 delta 6 in a pharmacokinetic study in rats. TMD12 and TMD12 delta 6, which lack the D3 domain, exhibited increased clearance (about twice that of D123). This finding suggested that the D3 domain of TM plays an important role in stabilizing TM in vivo.

Macrophyllols A and B, two unusual novel sesquiterpene and monoterpene dimers from the bark of Inula macrophylla.

[structure: see text] Two novel sesquiterpene and monoterpene dimers, macrophyllols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the bark of Inula macrophylla. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral evidence (especially HREIMS and 2D NMR) as well as chemical transformation. The structure of macrophyllol A (1) was confirmed by X-ray analysis. The possible biosynthetic pathways of macrophyllols A (1) and B (2) are discussed.

Clinicopathologic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct thrombi.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and bile duct thrombi (BDT). PATIENTS: Seventeen patients with HCC and BDT among 671 patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the survival rates between patients with and those without BDT, although the rate of stage IV or portal vein invasion was significantly higher in patients with HCC and BDT than in those with HCC but without BDT. In 9 of 17 patients with BDT, preoperative jaundice was observed. Five of the 17 patients underwent a bile duct resection combined with hepatic resection, and 12 patients underwent hepatic resection with removal of the BDT without bile duct resection. None of the patients had histopathologic evidence of direct tumor invasion into the bile duct wall or of any tumor recurrence related to the BDT. There were no significant differences in the survival rates between patients who underwent bile duct resection and those who did not. CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection and the removal of BDT without bile duct resection were sufficient surgical interventions to treat patients with HCC and BDT.

Phlorigidosides A-C, iridoid glucosides from Phlomis rigida.

From the aerial parts of Phlomis rigida, three iridoid glucosides, phlorigidoside A (2-O-acetyllamiridoside), B (8-O-acetyl-6-beta-hydroxyipolamide) and C (5-deoxysesamoside), were isolated together with the known iridoid glucosides, shanzhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester, deoxypulcheloside I, lamiridoside, and 6-beta-hydroxyipolamide. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on spectral and chemical evidence.

Phenylbutanoids and stilbene derivatives of Rheum maximowiczii.

The methanol extract of the dried roots of Rheum maximowiczii afforded four phenylbutanoid and two stilbene derivatives. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic studies.

Terpenoids and gamma-pyrone derivatives from Prangos tschimganica.

The methanol extract of the dried aerial parts of Prangos tschimganica afforded seven monoterpenoids and four gamma-pyrone derivatives. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

Coumarins and bicoumarin from Ferula sumbul: anti-HIV activity and inhibition of cytokine release.

The methanol extract of the dried roots of Ferula sumbul afforded two furanocoumarin esters, fesumtuorin A, B, one bicoumarin, fesumtuorin C, five spirobicoumarins, fesumtuorin D, E, F, G and H, along with nineteen known coumarins. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic studies. Some of the isolated compounds showed anti-HIV activity and very weak inhibition of cytokine release.

Sesquiterpenoids from Ferula kuhistanica.

Methanol extracts of the air-dried roots and stems of Ferula kuhistanica afforded seven daucane-type sesquiterpenes, called kuhistanicaol A-G, together with 13 known daucane esters. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and the results of chemical reactions.

A bis-sesquiterpene and sesquiterpenolides from Inula macrophylla.

Macrophyllidimer C, a novel bis-sesquiterpene, in which the two sesquiterpene units are directly connected by a C-C bond, and eight other sesquiterpenolides were obtained from the bark of Inula macrophylla. Seven of these, macrophyllilactones A-G, are new eudesmanolide- and elemanolide-type sesquiterpenes. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and chemical reaction.

Sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of Ferula kuhistanica and antibacterial activity of the constituents of F. kuhistanica.

Ethyl acetate extracts of the air-dried fruits of Ferula kuhistanica afforded three daucane esters: kuhistanicaol H, I and J, together with nine other known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Isolated compounds in this paper and previously reported compounds from the roots and stems of F. kuhistanica were tested for antibacterial activity. Some of them were selectively toxic against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA).

Megastigmane glycosides from Salvia nemorosa.

From the aerial parts of Salvia nemorosa, three new megastigmane glycosides, salvionosides A-C, were isolated, along with the known compounds, (6S,9R)- and (6S,9R)-roseosides, (6R,9R)- and (6R,9S)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol glucosides and blumeol C glucoside. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.

The effects of marijuana use during pregnancy. II. A study in a low-risk home-delivery population.

Results from a previous epidemiologic study indicate that marijuana use near term may elevate risk of abnormal progress of labor and meconium staining. We conducted a study of the association of self-reported marijuana use and perinatal problems in a series of 313 women enrolled in a home-birth center. The 41 marijuana users were similar to non-users with respect to most potentially confounding factors, but users had lower mean income and exhibited more tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy than non-users. Users experienced slightly elevated rates of dysfunctional labor (43% vs. 35% in non-users), precipitate labor (13% vs. 8%) and meconium staining (17% vs. 13%); differences with respect to most other outcomes were smaller or nonexistent. The observed differences were smaller in both relative and absolute terms than those reported by the earlier study, and were little changed upon adjustment for potentially confounding factors (including alcohol use, cigarette use, parity and income). After accounting for statistical variation, the results appear consistent with the earlier findings but further research is recommended.

Nine-year survivor after resection of cholangiocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the main portal trunk.

We report a patient with cholangiocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the main portal trunk who has survived for 9.5 years after hepatic resection. A 57-year-old woman underwent an extended left lobectomy, and resection of the caudate lobe plus the main portal trunk for a liver tumor that had a portal tumor thrombus in the main portal trunk. The portal vein was reconstructed with an autologous vein graft obtained from the external iliac vein. Histological examination of the resected specimen revealed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma compatible with cholangiocellular carcinoma. Factors contributing to the patient's long-term survival are discussed. Aggressive surgical resection can be effective even for such an advanced case of cholangiocellular carcinoma.

Management of adrenal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by asynchronous resection of bilateral adrenal glands.

We report on a 65-year-old man who received asynchronous bilateral adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Fifteen months after curative resection of right hepatic lobe for hepatocellular carcinoma, a metastatic lesion of the left adrenal gland was detected and left adrenalectomy was performed. Ten months after the second operation, a metastatic lesion in the right adrenal gland, associated with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava, was revealed. Transcatheter arterial embolization of the arteries feeding the metastatic tumor was performed, but its effects were incomplete. As there was the tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava and no other intrahepatic recurrence or extrahepatic metastasis was found, resection of the right adrenal gland with tumor thrombus, without the employment of veno-venous bypass, was performed, followed by postoperative hormonal supplementation. Changes in the patient's alpha-fetoprotein level were clinically useful for the detection of the metastatic lesions and the evaluation of therapeutic effects. Metastasis to adrenal gland from hepatocellular carcinoma should be actively managed, and the appropriate surgical treatment selected, if intrahepatic recurrence and/or other extrahepatic metastasis are controlled. To achieve higher curability and better outcome in patients with bilateral adrenal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma, bilateral total adrenalectomy is indicated, accompanied by effective postoperative hormonal supplementation.

Inhibitory effects of Turkish folk remedies on inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

In this study, in vitro inhibitory effects of 55 extracts or fractions obtained from 10 plant species on interleukin-1 (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) biosynthesis were studied. The following plant materials from Turkish folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases which are thought to be inflammatory in nature e.g. rheumatism, fever, infections, edemas or related inflammatory diseases were selected as the subject of this study: Cistus laurifolius leaves, Clematis flammna flowering herbs, Crataegus orientalis roots, Daphne oleoides ssp. oleoides whole plant, Ecbalium elaterium roots, Rosa canina roots, Rubus discolor roots, Rubus hirtus roots, Sambucus ebulus flowers and leaves, Sambucus nigra flowers and leaves. All plants showed inhibitory activity against at least one of these models in various percentages depending upon the concentration, thus supporting the folkloric utilization. Daphne oleoides was found to be the most active plant against the test models.

Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in Central Anatolia.

Traditional medicine used in Central Anatolia; Ankara, Kayseri, Nigde and south-eastern parts of Karaman and Konya provinces have been studied. Two hundred and ninety one folk remedies obtained from 103 plant species belonging to 40 families and 4 animal species are reported with their vernacular names, parts used, methods of preparing remedies and therapeutic usage.

Traditional medicine in Turkey. IV. Folk medicine in the Mediterranean subdivision.

The traditional utilization of plants as medicine in the Mediterranean region has been investigated. Field surveys were carried out among the people who live in the Taurus Mountains. Sixty-nine medicinal plants have been identified, which are listed with the vernacular names, the parts used, the methods of preparing the drugs and their traditional usages.