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PURPOSE: Reduction of AO/OTA 61-B2.3 (APC2) pelvic fractures is challenging in the setting of anterior ring comminution. The anterior ring is visually much simpler to evaluate for flexion or extension hemipelvis deformity than the posterior ring, except in the setting of comminution, necessitating some other visual reference to judge hemipelvis reduction. We sought to test whether pelvic inlet and outlet fluoroscopy of the contours of the sacroiliac joint could be used in isolation to judge hemipelvis flexion or extension. METHODS: Symphyseal and anterior SIJ ligaments were cut (6 cadaveric pelvis). The symphysis was held malreduced to produce one centimeter flexion and extension deformity: 1 cm was selected to mimic a maximum clinical scenario. The SIJ was assessed using inlet and outlet fluoroscopy. The scaled width of the SIJ was assessed at the joint apertures and midjoint on both inlet and outlet views. Joint widths in flexion and extension were compared against joint widths measured on the reduced SIJ using paired t-tests. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the superior (p = 0.227, 0.675), middle (p = 0.203, 0.693), and inferior (p = 0.232, 0.961) SIJ widths between hemipelvis flexion or extension models against reduced SIJ on outlet views. There was no statistical difference in the anterior (p = 0.731, 0.662), middle (p = 0.257, 0.655), and posterior (p = 0.657, 0.363) SIJ widths between flexion or extension models against reduced SIJ on inlet views. CONCLUSION: Inspection of SIJ width on inlet and outlet fluoroscopy cannot detect up to one centimeter of hemipelvis flexion or extension malreduction in the setting of AO/OTA 61-B2.3 (APC2) pelvic fractures with complex anterior injuries.
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PURPOSE: Hemipelvis reduction in the setting of AO/OTA 61-C1.2 (APC3) pelvic injuries can be challenging. A common strategy is to provisionally reduce or fix the anterior ring prior to definitive fixation of the posterior ring. In this scenario, it is difficult to assess whether residual sacroiliac joint (SIJ) widening is due to hemipelvis flexion/extension or lateral displacement. This simulation sought to identify a radiographic marker for posterior ilium flexion or extension malreduction in the setting of a reduced anterior ring. METHODS: Symphyseal and both anterior and posterior SIJ ligaments were cut in 8 cadaveric pelvis. The symphysis was reduced and wired. One centimeter of posterior flexion or extension at the SIJ was created to mimic the clinical scenario of hemipelvis flexion or extension malreduction, and a lateral compressive force was applied. SIJ widening and the direction of anterior or posterior ileal displacement relative to the contralateral joint were assessed via inlet views. SIJ widening and the direction of cranial or caudal ileal displacement were assessed using outlet views. Comparisons between flexion and extension models used Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: On outlet views, all flexed hemipelvis demonstrated caudal ileal translation at the superior SIJ, in contrast to all extended hemipelvis demonstrated cranial translation (p < 0.0005); the scenarios were easily distinguishable. Conversely, inlet imaging was unable to identify the direction of malreduction. Flexion/extension scenarios resulted in similar amounts of SIJ widening. CONCLUSION: Residual flexion and extension hemipelvis malreductions in APC3 injuries after provisional anterior fixation can be differentiated by the direction of ileal displacement at the superior SIJ on the outlet view.
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BACKGROUND: An alternative to the current gold standard in operative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures (DMCF) using plate osteosynthesis, is internal fixation by means of intramedullary fixation devices. These devices differ considerably in their specifications and characteristics and an evaluation of their clinical results is warranted. The aim of this systematic review is to generate an overview of functional outcomes and complications in the management of DMCF per available intramedullary device. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify all papers reporting functional outcomes, union rates and/or complications using an intramedullary fixation device for the management of midshaft clavicle fractures. Multiple databases and trial registries were searched from inception until February 2020. Meta-analysis was conducted based on functional outcomes and type of complication per type of intramedullary fixation device. Pooled estimates of functional outcomes scores and incidence of complications were calculated using a random effects model. Risk of bias and quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias and ROBINS-I tools. The confidence in estimates were rated and described according to the recommendations of the GRADE working group. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies were included in this systematic review. The majority of studies report on the use of Titanium Elastic Nails (TEN). At 12 months follow up the Titanium Elastic Nail and Sonoma CRx report an average Constant-Murley score of 94.4 (95%CI 93-95) and 94.0 (95%CI 92-95) respectively (GRADE High). The most common reported complications after intramedullary fixation are implant-related and implant-specific. For the TEN, hardware irritation and protrusion, telescoping or migration, with a reported pooled incidence 20% (95%CI 14-26) and 12% (95%CI 8-18), are most common (GRADE Moderate). For the Rockwood/Hagie Pin, hardware irritation is identified as the most common complication with 22% (95%CI 13-35) (GRADE Low). The most common complication for the Sonoma CRx was cosmetic dissatisfaction in 6% (95%CI 2-17) of cases (GRADE Very low). CONCLUSION: Although most studies were of low quality, good functional results and union rates irrespective of the type of device are found. However, there are clear device-related and device-specific complications for each. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis can help guide surgeons in choosing the appropriate operative strategy, implant and informing their patient. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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Placas Ósseas , Clavícula/lesões , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/efeitos adversos , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Clavícula/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/efeitos adversos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Recidiva , ReoperaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Shortening of the fractured clavicle is proposed and debated as an indicator for surgical intervention. There is no standardized or uniform method for imaging and measuring shortening. Different methods and techniques can lead to different measured outcomes. However, the question remains whether a difference in measured shortening using a different technique has any short-term clinical relevance in terms of treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a different projection of the same midshaft clavicular fracture would lead to a different choice in treatment strategy. METHODS: Thirty-six AO-OTA (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen-Orthopaedic Trauma Association) 15A.1-15A.3 midshaft clavicular fractures were digitally reconstructed into radiographs using both 15° caudocranial and 15° craniocaudal projections. The 72 projections were rated in random order by 23 orthopedic trauma or upper-extremity surgeons on the need for either conservative or operative treatment. RESULTS: On average, the raters altered their treatment strategy with a different projection of the same midshaft clavicular fracture 12.2 times among the 36 cases (33.9%), ranging from 5 times (13.9%) to 19 times (52.8%). A statistically significant increase in choice for surgical treatment was identified when using the 15° caudocranial projection (P = .01). CONCLUSION: This study reveals the influence the projection of the midshaft clavicular fracture has on the surgeon's decision of treatment strategy. The decision changes from operative to nonoperative or vice versa in 33.9% of the cases.
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Clavícula/lesões , Tomada de Decisões , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Padrões de Prática Médica , Adulto , Clavícula/diagnóstico por imagem , Clavícula/cirurgia , Feminino , Fixação de Fratura/métodos , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Midshaft clavicle fractures are often associated with a certain degree of shortening. There is great variety in the imaging techniques and methods to quantify this shortening. This study aims to quantify the difference in measurements of shortening and length of fracture elements between 5 views of the fractured clavicle. Furthermore, the interobserver and intraobserver agreement between these views using a standardized method is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digitally reconstructed radiographs were created for 40 computed tomography datasets in the anteroposterior (AP), 15° and 30° craniocaudal, and 15° and 30° caudocranial views. A standardized method for measuring the length of fracture elements and the amount of shortening was used. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement for each of the 5 views was calculated. RESULTS: The interobserver and intraobserver agreement was excellent for all 5 views, with all intraclass correlation coefficient values greater than 0.75. The measured differences in relative and absolute shortening between views were statistically significant between the 30° caudocranial view and all other views. The increase in median shortening measured between the commonly used 30° caudocranial view (2.7 mm) and the AP view (8.5 mm) was 5.8 mm (P < .001). The relative median shortening between these views increased by 3.5% (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The length of fracture elements and the amount of shortening in the fractured clavicle can be reliably measured using a standardized method. The increase in absolute and relative shortening when comparing the caudocranial measurements with the AP and craniocaudal measurements may indicate that the AP and craniocaudal views provide a more accurate representation of the degree of shortening.
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Clavícula/diagnóstico por imagem , Clavícula/lesões , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Diáfises/diagnóstico por imagem , Diáfises/lesões , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: One of the more commonly used methods of determining the amount of shortening of the fractured clavicle is by comparing the length of the fractured side to the length of contralateral unfractured clavicle. A pre-existing natural asymmetry can make quantification of shortening using this method unreliable. The goal of this study is to assess the side-to-side variation in clavicle length in 100 uninjured, skeletally mature adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the side-to-side difference in clavicle length the length of both clavicles of 100 patients on thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans were measured. Patients without a history of pre-CT clavicular injury were included. The measurements were allocated into three groups based on the amount of asymmetry (< 5, ≥ 5-10 and > 10 mm). Dominant side and sex were analyzed to determine influence on the length of the clavicle. RESULTS: In 30 patients (30%), an asymmetry of 5 mm or more was found. 2% of the patients had a side-to-side difference of more than 10 mm. The absolute side-to-side length difference (LD) was 3.74 mm (95% CI 3.15-4.32; p < 0.001). A significant association between clavicle length and dominant side or sex was found (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results show that by utilizing a treatment algorithm based upon clavicular symmetry has a potential for error and can lead over- or under-treatment of the fractured clavicle. A significant association between clavicle length and dominant side or sex was found (p < 0.001). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.
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Clavícula/anatomia & histologia , Clavícula/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Algoritmos , Tamanho Corporal , Clavícula/lesões , Feminino , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Ósseas/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the mid- to long-term results of the Richards' type II patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) in terms of functional scores, number and type of complications, patient satisfaction and survival. METHODS: We retrospectively studied patients that received a Richards' type II PFA at our institution between 1998 and 2007. Patients with a functioning PFA at the time of this study were evaluated. Outcomes included survival rates with endpoint loss of prosthesis, number and type of complications, Knee Society Scores (KSS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. In addition, patients were asked how surgery influenced their original symptoms. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (33 prostheses) were included. Follow-up ranged from 2.2 to 18.8 years with a mean of 9.7 years. Survival at 10 years was 73% (95% CI, 57-93%). Median KSS score was 163 (range, 110-200). Median VAS Pain was 30 (range, 0-80) and VAS Satisfaction median was 90 (range, 50-100). Thirteen (62%) PFAs were rated excellent, six (28%) as good and two (10%) as fair. Twelve (36%) of the cases required further surgery within 4 years after implantation. Seven of these (21%) were converted to TKA after a mean time of 5.5 years, five out of seven were converted because of ongoing tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (TFOA). CONCLUSIONS: We found a rate of 21% (7/33) conversion of the Richards' II PFA to TKA after a mean of 5.5 years; 71% (5/7) of cases were because of TFOA. We strongly advise not to use PFA if there is any sign of joint disease in other compartments than patellofemoral.
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Artroplastia do Joelho/métodos , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Prótese do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Osteoartrite do Joelho/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Artroplastia do Joelho/mortalidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Satisfação do Paciente , Falha de Prótese , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Background: Various plate types are used in the surgical treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. These plates can be positioned in different locations on the clavicle, although no studies to date have elucidated optimal plate type and location of fixation. This systematic review compares the functional outcomes and complications in the management of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures using plate fixation by stratifying by both plate type and location. Methods: A systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted to identify all papers reporting functional outcomes, union rates, and/or complications using plates for the management of midshaft clavicle fractures. Multiple databases and trial registries were searched from inception until March 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted for functional outcomes and type of complication, stratified by plate type (locking, compression, or reconstruction) and location (superior or anteroinferior). Pooled estimates of functional outcome scores and incidence of complications were calculated using a random effects model. Risk of bias and quality were assessed using the risk of bias version 2 and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions) tools. The confidence in estimates were rated and described according to the recommendations of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) working group. Results: Forty-five studies were included in the systematic review and 43 were included in the meta-analysis. Depending on plate type and location, pooled Constant-Murley Scores ranged from 89.23 to 93.48 at 12 months. Nonunion rates were 3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1-6) for superior locking plates (GRADE Low). Rates of any complication (nonunion, hardware failure, hardware irritation, wound dehiscence, keloid, superficial infection, deep infection, delayed union, malunion, and/or persistent pain) by plate type and location ranged from 3% to 17% (GRADE Very Low to Moderate). Superior compression plates had the highest incidence of any complications (17% [95% CI 5-44], GRADE Very Low), while anterior inferior compression plates had the lowest incidence of any complication (3% [95% CI 0-15], GRADE Very Low). Hardware irritation was the most reported individual complication for superior locking plates and superior compression plates, 11% (95% CI 7-17, GRADE Low) and 11% (95% CI 3-33, GRADE Very Low), respectively. Conclusion: Although most studies were of low quality, studies reporting functional outcomes generally showed good functional results and similar incidence of any complication regardless of plate type and location. There is no evidence of a plate and location combination to optimize patient functional outcomes or complications. We were unable to reliably evaluate union rates or individual complications for most plate types stratified by location.
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PURPOSE: Heterotopic ossification is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to prevent heterotopic ossifications effectively, however gastrointestinal complaints are reported frequently. In this study, we investigated whether etoricoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor that produces fewer gastrointestinal side effects, is an effective alternative for the prevention of heterotopic ossification. METHODS: We investigated the effectiveness of oral etoricoxib 90 mg for seven days in a prospective two-stage study design for phase-2 clinical trials in a small sample of patients (n = 42). A cemented primary total hip arthroplasty was implanted for osteoarthritis. Six months after surgery, heterotopic ossification was determined on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs using the Brooker classification. RESULTS: No heterotopic ossification was found in 62 % of the patients that took etoricoxib; 31 % of the patients had Brooker grade 1 and 7 % Brooker grade 2 ossification. CONCLUSIONS: Etoricoxib seems effective in preventing heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. This finding further supports the use of COX-2 inhibitors for the prevention of heterotopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty.
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Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Ossificação Heterotópica/etiologia , Ossificação Heterotópica/prevenção & controle , Osteoartrite do Quadril/cirurgia , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonas/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etoricoxib , Feminino , Articulação do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Quadril/cirurgia , Prótese de Quadril , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Radiografia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sulfonas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonas/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) is a common cause of anterior knee pain in patients over the age of 40 years. Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is an option to address PFAO when the non-operative or joint preserving management has failed.The goals of PFA are to reduce pain and increase function of the knee in a bone and ligament preserving fashion while maintaining or optimizing its kinematics. Over the last decades advances have been made in optimizing implants designs, addressing complications and improving functional and patient reported outcomes. Appropriate patient selection has proven to be imperative. Proper surgical technique and knowledge of pearls and pitfalls is essential.The indications and surgical technique for patellofemoral arthroplasty will be reviewed here.Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level V.
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BACKGROUND: Core decompression (CD) with bone marrow aspiration concentrate (BMAC) is a technique that may improve outcomes in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic progression free survival (PFS) of CD augmented with BMAC. Secondary aims were to determine the survivorship with conversion (CFS) to total hip arthroplasty (THA) as an endpoint, determine prognostic factors, and characterize the cellular quality of the BMAC. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 61 femoral heads (40 patients) was performed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, BMI, smoking status, etiology, location and extent of ONFH were recorded. The primary endpoint was radiographic progression of ONFH and secondarily, conversion to THA. Additional aims were to determine predictive factors for progression and report the cellular characteristics of the BMAC. Data obtained were compared to the results of a prior randomized controlled trial comparing CD alone versus CD with polymethylmethacrylate cement (PMMA) augmentation. RESULTS: Radiographic PFS of CD with BMAC at 2 and 5 years was 78.3% and 53.3%, respectively. The risk of progression was lower in the CD with BMAC group compared to CD alone (HR0.45, p = 0.03), however this difference no longer remained statistically significant on multivariate analysis. Conversion to total hip arthroplasty free survival (CFS) of CD with BMAC at both 2 and 5 years was 72.1% and 54.6%, respectively with no differences compared to the control groups (CD alone, CD and PMMA). The predictive factors for progression were obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and the extent of the disease as quantified by either percentage involvement, necrotic index or modified necrotic index. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in PFS or CFS between CD with BMAC compared to CD alone or CD with PMMA were identified. Independent statistically significant predictors of progression-free survival or conversion to THA are BMI ≥ 30 and the extent of ONFH. Further research with an adequately powered randomized controlled trial is needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
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Artroplastia de Quadril , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur , Medula Óssea/cirurgia , Descompressão Cirúrgica/métodos , Cabeça do Fêmur/cirurgia , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/cirurgia , Humanos , Polimetil Metacrilato , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The current COVID-19 disease pandemic has delayed nonurgent orthopaedic procedures to adequately care for those affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, resulting in a backlog in orthopaedic surgical care. As the capacity for orthopaedic surgeries expands or contracts, allocation of limited resources in a manner that adequately reflects medical necessity and urgency is paramount. An orthopaedic surgery-specific prioritization schema with proven reliability is lacking. The primary aim of this study was to assess the reliability of a newly developed prioritization list used for the phased reinstatement of orthopaedic surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic and afterward. The secondary aim was to report its implementation. METHODS: A consensus-based, orthopaedic surgery-specific, tiered prioritization list reflecting various levels of urgency was created by a committee of orthopaedic surgeons covering all subspecialties and representing academic, multispecialty, and private community practices. Reliability was tested for 63 randomized cases representing all orthopaedic subspecialties. Four raters evaluated the cases independently at two separate time points, at least one week apart. Fleiss kappa was used to assess intrarater and interrater agreement. Implementation were assessed by surveying both surgeons and the surgery scheduling administrative personnel at each surgical facility within a large health system for any adoption issues. RESULTS: Case distributions within tiers 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 35%, 14%, 27%, and 24%, respectively. Interrater agreement ranged from 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57 to 0.69) to 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78) for the ratings. Intrarater reliability ranged from 0.62 to 1.0. The highest levels of agreement were in tiers 1, 4, and the subspecialties oncology and foot/ankle. The time from development to full scale adoption and implementation by all orthopaedic surgeons was rapid. DISCUSSION: This tiered prioritization list for orthopaedic procedures is both adoptable and reliable during the phased reinstatement of procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic and afterward. Further refinements may enhance utility. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Reliability study: Level I (Evid Based Spine Care J 2014 October;5(2):166. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1394106).
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COVID-19 , Ortopedia , Consenso , Humanos , Pandemias , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
A pseudo-arthrosis repair of a 4-year-old bony avulsion fracture of the PCL using a minimally invasive technique, screw fixation, and bone grafting is reported. The case presented seems to be rather unique due to the fragment size and the approach for pseudo-arthrosis repair. There was a good functional result following minimally invasive pseudo-arthrosis repair of a posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture. There are no previous reports of similar pseudo-arthrosis repairs, and other authors report good results of delayed refixation of PCL avulsion fractures. Therefore, refixation and pseudo-arthrosis repair should be considered as a viable treatment.
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Erros de Diagnóstico , Traumatismos do Joelho/complicações , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Ligamento Cruzado Posterior/lesões , Pseudoartrose/etiologia , Pseudoartrose/cirurgia , Artroscopia/métodos , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Traumatismos do Joelho/diagnóstico , Traumatismos do Joelho/reabilitação , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Pseudoartrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Esqui/lesões , Fraturas da Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas da Tíbia/reabilitação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Radiographic measurements of shortening and vertical displacement in the fractured clavicle are subject to a variety of factors such as patient positioning and projection. The aims of this study were (1) to quantify differences in shortening and vertical displacement in varying patient positions and X-ray projections, (2) to identify the view and patient positioning indicating the largest amount of shortening and vertical displacement, and (3) to identify and quantify the inter- and intraobserver agreement. METHODS: A prospective clinical measurement study of 22 acute Robinson type 2B1 clavicle fractures was performed. Each patient underwent 8 consecutive standardized and calibrated X-rays in 1 setting. RESULTS: In the upright patient position, the difference of absolute shortening was 4.5 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0-5.9, P < .0001) larger than in the supine patient position. For vertical displacement, the odds of being scored a category higher in the upright patient position were 4.7 (95% CI: 2.2-9.8) times as large as the odds of being scored a category higher in supine position. The odds of being scored a category higher on the caudocranial projection were 5.9 (95% CI: 2.8-12.6) times as large as the odds of being scored a category higher on the craniocaudal projection. CONCLUSION: Absolute shortening, relative shortening, and vertical displacement were found to be the greatest in the upright patient positioning with the arm protracted orientation on a 15° caudocranial projection. No statistically significant differences were found for a change in position of the arm between neutral and protracted.
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Background: The aim of this study was to quantify the stabilizing properties of a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed short-arm cast and compare those properties with traditional fiberglass casts in a cadaveric subacute distal radius fracture model. Methods: A cadaveric subacute fracture model was created in 8 pairs of forearms. The specimens were equally allocated to a fiberglass cast or 3D-printed cast group. All specimens were subjected to 3 biomechanical testing modalities simulating daily life use: flexion and extension of digits, pronation and supination of the hand, and 3-point bending. Between each loading modality, radiological evaluation of the specimens was performed to evaluate possible interval displacement. Interfragmentary motion was quantified using a 3D motion-tracking system. Results: Radiographic assessment did not reveal statistically significant differences in radiographic parameters between the 2 groups before and after biomechanical testing. A statistically significant difference in interfragmentary motion was calculated with the 3-point bending test, with a mean difference of 0.44 (±0.48) mm of motion. Conclusions: A statistically significant difference in interfragmentary motion between the 2 casting groups was only identified in 3-point bending. However, the clinical relevance of this motion remains unclear as the absolute motion is less than 1 mm. The results of this study show noninferiority of the 3D-printed casts compared with the traditional fiberglass casts in immobilizing a subacute distal radius fracture model. These results support the execution of a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing both casting techniques.
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Moldes Cirúrgicos/classificação , Impressão Tridimensional , Fraturas do Rádio/terapia , Idoso , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Cadáver , Feminino , Traumatismos do Antebraço/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos do Antebraço/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fraturas do Rádio/fisiopatologia , Amplitude de Movimento ArticularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Measured shortening of midshaft clavicle fracture fragments is known to be influenced by multiple factors. The influence of radiographic projection on vertical displacement is unclear. The aims of this study were (1) to quantify the difference in measurements of vertical displacement in an absolute, relative, and categorical manner between 5 different projections; (2) to quantify the differences in interobserver and intraobserver agreement using a standardized method for measuring vertical displacement; and (3) to assess the association between categorical and continuous descriptions of vertical displacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical measurement study was conducted on 31 sets of digitally reconstructed radiographs in 5 different projections (15° and 30° caudocranial, anteroposterior, and 15° and 30° craniocaudal views). Categorical data on vertical displacement in quartiles from 0%-200% were obtained followed by measurements using a standardized method by 3 observers at 2 points in time. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement for each of the 5 views was calculated. RESULTS: The absolute and relative vertical displacement showed no statistically significant difference between any of the caudocranial, anteroposterior, and craniocaudal views. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver and interobserver agreement were good to excellent. The correlation between categorical outcomes and both absolute and relative vertical displacement was very strong. CONCLUSION: Unlike shortening, absolute and relative vertical displacement of the midshaft clavicle fracture is not significantly influenced by radiographic projection. Standardized measurements of vertical displacement may not be necessary for clinical use because the correlation between categorical and continuous measurements was found to be very strong.
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BACKGROUND: Surgical management of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adults leads to better union rates, improved early functional outcomes, and increased patient satisfaction compared with nonoperative treatment. However, both intramedullary fixation and plate osteosynthesis are subject to a specific array of disadvantages and complications. The Anser Clavicle Pin is a novel intramedullary device designed to address these disadvantages and complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the union rate, functional outcomes, and complications of the Anser Clavicle Pin at 1-year follow-up. METHODS: A prospective explorative case series including 20 patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures was performed in 2 hospitals. The primary outcomes were union rate, functional outcomes (Constant-Murley score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score), and complications. The secondary outcomes were closed reduction rate, operative time, image-intensifier time, hospital stay, incision length, time to radiologic union, postoperative pain reduction, reoperation rate, health-related quality-of-life score, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: There was a 100% union rate. The Constant-Murley score at 1 year was 96.7 (standard deviation [SD], 5). The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 5.1 (SD, 10). There were no infections, neuropathy of the supraclavicular nerve, or hardware irritation requiring removal of hardware. Three device-related complications (15%) occurred, including plastic deformation, protrusion, and hardware failure. The satisfaction score was 8.9 (SD, 1) on the visual analog scale at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Managing displaced midshaft clavicle fractures with the Anser Clavicle Pin results in a 100% union rate and excellent functional outcomes and patient satisfaction. It has a low non-device-related complication rate, and the device-related complications that occurred in this series may be prevented in the future.
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BACKGROUND: Biomechanical studies have demonstrated that arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using a linked double-row equivalent construct results in significantly higher load to failure compared with conventional transosseous-equivalent constructs. PURPOSE: To determine the patient-reported outcomes (PROs), reoperation rates, and complication rates after linked double-row equivalent rotator cuff repair for full-thickness rotator cuff tears. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent linked double-row equivalent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with minimum 2-year follow-up were included. The primary outcome was the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score at final follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire, visual analog scale (VAS), reoperations, and complications. Clinical relevance was defined by the minimally clinically important difference (MCID). Comparisons on an individual level that exceeded MCID (individual-level scores) were deemed clinically relevant. Comparisons between preoperative and postoperative scores were completed using the Student t test. All P values were reported with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS: A total of 42 shoulders in 41 consecutive patients were included in this study (21 male patients [51.2%]; mean age, 64.5 ± 11.9 years; mean follow-up, 29.7 ± 4.5 months). All patients (100%) completed the minimum 2-year follow-up. The rotator cuff tear measured on average 15.2 ± 8.9 mm in the coronal plane and 14.6 ± 9.8 mm in the sagittal plane. The ASES score improved significantly from 35.5 ± 18.2 preoperatively to 93.4 ± 10.6 postoperatively (P < .001). The QuickDASH (P < .001), SST (P < .001), and VAS (P < .001) scores also significantly improved after surgery. All patients (42/42 shoulders; 100%) achieved clinically relevant improvement (met or exceeded MCID) on ASES and SST scores postoperatively. There were no postoperative complications (0.0%) or reoperations (0.0%) at final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears with the linked double-row equivalent construct results in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in PRO scores with low complication rates (0.0%) and reoperation rates (0.0%) at short-term follow-up.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a limb-threatening condition often associated with leg injury. The only treatment of ACS is fasciotomy with the purpose of reducing muscle compartment pressures (MCP). Patient discomfort and low reliability of invasive MCP measurements, has led to the search for alternative methods. Our goal was to test the feasibility of using ultrasound to diagnose elevated MCP. METHODS: A cadaver model of elevated MCPs was used in 6 cadaver legs. An ultrasound transducer was combined with a pressure sensing transducer to obtain a B-mode image of the anterior compartment, while controlling the amount of pressure applied to the skin. MCP was increased from 0 to 75 mmHg. The width of the anterior compartment (CW) and the pressure needed to flatten the bulging superficial compartment fascia (CFFP) were measured. RESULTS: Both the CW and CFFP showed high correlations to MCP in the individual cadavers. Average CW and CFFP significantly increased between baseline and the first elevated MCP states. Both Inter-observer and intra-observer agreements for the ultrasound measurements were good to excellent. DISCUSSION: Ultrasound indexes showed excellent correlations in compartment pressures, suggesting that there is a potential for the clinical use of this modality in the future.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Compartimento Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos da Perna/diagnóstico por imagem , Perna (Membro)/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Idoso , Síndrome do Compartimento Anterior/patologia , Cadáver , Fasciotomia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Perna (Membro)/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos da Perna/patologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Background. It is clear that motion at the syndesmosis occurs due to ranging of the ankle joint, but the influence of weightbearing with the foot in the plantigrade position is unclear. In vivo computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of the syndesmosis has not been previously described. The purpose of this study is to quantify physiological fibular motion at the level of the ankle syndesmosis in both weightbearing and nonweightbearing conditions with the foot in the plantigrade position. Methods. CT images were obtained from 9 normal healthy subjects using a weightbearing CT imaging system. The subjects were positioned in a nonweightbearing and weightbearing state with their foot in the plantigrade position. Fibular translation and rotation were measured from the axial CT images using previously validated techniques. Results. Both the average lateral and anteroposterior translation of the fibula between weightbearing and nonweightbearing states was minimal (0.3 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively). The largest difference in translation observed in either direction was 0.9 mm. An average of 0.5° was found for rotational differences of the fibula between weightbearing and nonweightbearing. Neither of the translational and rotational parameters reached statistical significance. Conclusion. In vivo CT analysis of the distal tibiofibular joint with an intact syndesmosis did not reveal statistically significant physiological motion between weightbearing and nonweightbearing conditions with the foot in plantigrade position. Our findings suggest that weightbearing accounts for little motion at the syndesmosis and supports further investigation into the role of early protected weightbearing after syndesmosis fixation. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Case-control study.