RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Ruminococcus gnavus is a rare human pathogen, and clinical data on R. gnavus infection are insufficient. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of R. gnavus infections. METHODS: This study included 13 cases of bacteremia and three cases of non-bacteremia infections caused by R. gnavus. We evaluated the patient data, infection source, clinical outcomes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of R. gnavus isolates for these cases. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 75 years (range 47-95), and eight patients were female. Twelve cases were presumed to have an intra-abdominal infection source, and the remaining four cases had an unknown infection source. The most common underlying conditions were immunosuppression (seven cases), solid tumors (seven cases), and history of gastrointestinal surgery (five cases). Thirteen patients exhibited gastrointestinal problems (dysfunction, bleeding, intra-abdominal infection, or inflammation). Multiple pathogens were observed in six cases, and fatal outcomes were recorded in three cases. Antimicrobial susceptibility data were available for eight isolates, all of which exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentrations to penicillin (≤0.03 µg/mL), ampicillin-sulbactam (≤0.5 µg/mL), piperacillin-tazobactam (≤4 µg/mL), and metronidazole (≤0.5-1 µg/mL). CONCLUSION: Ruminococcus gnavus is frequently associated with an intra-abdominal infection source, and treatment strategies should consider the possibility of multiple pathogens.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Bacteriemia , Clostridiales , Infecções Intra-Abdominais , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Ruminococcus , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), is a rare infectious complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and can often be misdiagnosed as Gram-positive rod (GPR) bacteremia. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of CRBSI caused by Mycobacterium wolinskyi, a rare RGM, in a 44-year-old female patient who received an umbilical cord blood transplant. CONCLUSIONS: Rapidly growing mycobacteria can stain as GPRs and may grow in routine blood culture media after 3-4 days of incubation. These features are not widely known to clinicians, and acid-fast staining is therefore recommended when unidentifiable GPRs are detected in blood cultures, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as those with hematologic malignancies or intravascular devices.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Infecções por Mycobacterium , Mycobacterium , Adulto , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Catéteres , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Mycobacteriaceae , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologiaRESUMO
Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection that mainly affects the lungs and central nervous system. While patients with cell-mediated immunodeficiency are at high risk of developing cryptococcosis, there have been increasing reports of cryptococcosis in immunocompetent individuals with no underlying conditions. Herein, we report a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a 55-year-old apparently immunocompetent man with a history of heavy alcohol consumption. Although the patient was initially treated for tuberculous meningitis and varicella-zoster virus induced vasculopathy due to a history of exposure to tuberculosis and a presence of stroke, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified Cryptococcus species unexpectedly, enabling swift treatment and a favorable clinical outcome. The multiplex PCR assay, which can identify multiple pathogens simultaneously and instantly, may lead to early diagnosis and treatment by detecting unanticipated pathogens. Furthermore, the strain was identified through multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis as Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, Sequence Type 5, molecular type: VNI. Although simplified microbial identification techniques such as mass spectrometry have recently been developed, molecular biological assays are still essential for the accurate identification of infectious strains.
Assuntos
Criptococose , Cryptococcus neoformans , Meningite Criptocócica , Meningite , Bioensaio , Cryptococcus neoformans/genética , Diagnóstico Precoce , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Meningite Criptocócica/diagnóstico , Meningite Criptocócica/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Técnicas de Tipagem MicológicaRESUMO
Acinetobacter spp. are known to be a cause of nosocomial infections and to have diverse mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials. Here, we report the case of a patient who presented to our emergency department with necrotizing fasciitis due to Acinetobacter junii as confirmed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Patients with liver cirrhosis are susceptible to gram-negative infection. Moreover, although Acinetobacter spp. infection is best known to be a cause of combat-related-skin and soft-tissue infections, we propose that medical professionals need to consider the presence of these potentially multi-drug-resistant, gram-negative pathogens when treating patients with liver cirrhosis who present with severe soft-tissue infections. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of severe-skin and soft-tissue infections caused by A. junii.
Assuntos
Infecções por Acinetobacter/diagnóstico , Acinetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/microbiologia , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Infecções por Acinetobacter/complicações , Infecções por Acinetobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Fasciite Necrosante/complicações , Fasciite Necrosante/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Perna (Membro)/patologia , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Ferimentos e Lesões/microbiologiaRESUMO
Ceftriaxone (CTRX) is a third-generation cephalosporin commonly used to treat infections such as community-acquired pneumonia and urinary tract infections caused by mainly Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report a case of a patient on hemodialysis who had chorea-like symptoms with high blood concentration of CTRX. A 74-year-old Japanese woman receiving hemodialysis was admitted with obstructive cholangitis and was started on CTRX therapy at a dose of 2 g every 24 hours. On the 6th day after starting administration of CTRX, chorea-like symptoms appeared. We suspected that her symptoms were caused by a high blood concentration of CTRX. We performed a series of blood sampling to determine the concentration of CTRX at different time points before and after discontinuing CTRX administration. CTRX concentrations were higher than those expected in healthy adults, and her chorea-like symptoms had disappeared from the second day of discontinuation of CTRX. The association between CTRX blood concentration and chorea-like symptoms is unclear. However, measuring a series of plasma or serum concentrations from symptom onset to disappearance suggested that chorea-like symptoms appeared when the concentration exceeded approximately 450 µg/mL. Care should be taken when administering CTRX to patients with cholestasis undergoing hemodialysis, as blood CTRX levels may rise unexpectedly and result in complications.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Ceftriaxona , Coreia/induzido quimicamente , Idoso , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/sangue , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ceftriaxona/efeitos adversos , Ceftriaxona/sangue , Ceftriaxona/farmacocinética , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Colangite/tratamento farmacológico , Coreia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Diálise RenalRESUMO
Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a debilitating disorder of sleep/wakefulness caused by a loss of orexin-producing neurons in the lateroposterior hypothalamus. Genetic or pharmacologic orexin replacement ameliorates symptoms in mouse models of narcolepsy-cataplexy. We have recently discovered a potent, nonpeptide OX2R-selective agonist, YNT-185. This study validates the pharmacological activity of this compound in OX2R-transfected cells and in OX2R-expressing neurons in brain slice preparations. Intraperitoneal, and intracerebroventricular, administration of YNT-185 suppressed cataplexy-like episodes in orexin knockout and orexin neuron-ablated mice, but not in orexin receptor-deficient mice. Peripherally administered YNT-185 also promotes wakefulness without affecting body temperature in wild-type mice. Further, there was no immediate rebound sleep after YNT-185 administration in active phase in wild-type and orexin-deficient mice. No desensitization was observed after repeated administration of YNT-185 with respect to the suppression of cataplexy-like episodes. These results provide a proof-of-concept for a mechanistic therapy of narcolepsy-cataplexy by OX2R agonists.
Assuntos
Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Cataplexia/tratamento farmacológico , Narcolepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de Orexina/agonistas , Orexinas/metabolismo , Transtornos do Sono do Ritmo Circadiano/tratamento farmacológico , Promotores da Vigília/uso terapêutico , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Anilina/química , Animais , Benzamidas/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores de Orexina/genética , Orexinas/genética , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Sono/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Lactococcus lactis is a rare causative organism in humans. Cases of L. lactis infection have only rarely been reported. However, because it is often difficult to identify by conventional commercially available methods, its incidence may be underestimated. We herein report the case of a 70-year-old man with cholangiocarcinoma who developed L. lactis cholangitis and review previously reported cases of L. lactis infection. Our case was confirmed by matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This case shows L. lactis is a potential causative pathogen of cholangitis and that MALDI-TOF MS can be useful for the rapid and accurate identification of L. lactis infection. We searched the literature for published case reports on cholangitis and any other infections caused by L. lactis, and thereby identified 36 cases, including our case. At least 66.7% (n = 24) of the cases had significant underlying conditions; 15 of the cases involved patients with an immunocompromised status. At least 41.7% (n = 15) had a significant food consumption history, such as the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. The clinical sources of L. lactis were diverse and endocarditis was the most common diagnosis (n = 8), followed by hepatobiliary infection (n = 6), central nervous system infection (n = 5), and peritonitis (n = 4). The prognosis was favorable in most cases.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Colangite/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Lactococcus lactis , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Tipagem MolecularRESUMO
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infectious diarrhea in the developed world. Retrospective studies have shown a lower incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in Japan than in Europe or North America. Prospective studies are needed to determine if this is due lack of testing for C. difficile or a true difference in CDI epidemiology. A prospective cohort study of CDI was conducted from May 2014 to May 2015â¯at 12 medical facilities (20 wards) in Japan. Patients with at least three diarrheal bowel movements (Bristol stool grade 6-7) in the preceding 24â¯h were enrolled. CDI was defined by positive result on enzyme immunoassay for toxins A/B, nucleic acid amplification test for the toxin B gene or toxigenic culture. C. difficile isolates were subjected to PCR-ribotyping (RT), slpA-sequence typing (slpA-ST), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The overall incidence of CDI was 7.4/10,000 patient-days (PD). The incidence was highest in the five ICU wards (22.2 CDI/10,000 PD; range: 13.9-75.5/10,000 PD). The testing frequency and CDI incidence rate were highly correlated (R2â¯=â¯0.91). Of the 146 isolates, RT018/018â³ was dominant (29%), followed by types 014 (23%), 002 (12%), and 369 (11%). Among the 15 non-ICU wards, two had high CDI incidence rates (13.0 and 15.9 CDI/10,000 PD), with clusters of RT018/slpA-ST smz-02 and 018"/smz-01, respectively. Three non-RT027 or 078 binary toxin-positive isolates were found. All RT018/018" isolates were resistant to moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. This study identified a higher CDI incidence in Japanese hospitals than previously reported by actively identifying and testing patients with clinically significant diarrhea. This suggests numerous patients with CDI are being overlooked due to inadequate diagnostic testing in Japan.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Clostridioides difficile/classificação , Clostridioides difficile/efeitos dos fármacos , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Geografia Médica , Humanos , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tipagem Molecular , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Estudos Retrospectivos , RibotipagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The optimal and practical laboratory diagnostic approach for detection of Clostridioides difficile to aid in the diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) is controversial. A two-step algorithm with initial detection of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) alone are recommended as a predominant method for C. difficile detection in developed countries. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of enzyme immunoassays (EIA) detecting toxins A and B, NAAT detecting the toxin B gene, and GDH compared to toxigenic culture (TC) for C. difficile as the gold standard, in patients prospectively and actively assessed with clinically significant diarrhea in 12 medical facilities in Japan. METHODS: A total of 650 stool specimens were collected from 566 patients with at least three diarrheal bowel movements (Bristol stool grade 6-7) in the preceding 24â¯h. EIA and GDH were performed at each hospital, and NAAT and toxigenic C. difficile culture with enriched media were performed at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases. All C. difficile isolates recovered were analyzed by PCR-ribotyping. RESULTS: Compared to TC, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of EIA were 41%, 96%, 75% and 84%, respectively, and for NAAT were 74%, 98%, 91%, and 92%, respectively. In 439 specimens tested with GDH, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 73%, 87%, 65%, and 91%, and for an algorithm (GDH plus toxin EIA, arbitrated by NAAT) were 71%, 96%, 85%, and 91%, respectively. Among 157 isolates recovered, 75% of isolates corresponded to one of PCR-ribotypes (RTs) 002, 014, 018/018", and 369; RT027 was not isolated. No clear differences in the sensitivities of any of EIA, NAAT and GDH for four predominant RTs were found. CONCLUSION: The analytical sensitivities of NAAT and GDH-algorithm to detect toxigenic C. difficile in this study were lower than most previous reports. This study also found low PPV of EIAs. The optimal method to detect C. difficile or its toxins to assist in the diagnosis of CDI needs further investigation.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Infecções por Clostridium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/normas , Clostridioides difficile/classificação , Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Prospectivos , Ribotipagem , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Listeria monocytogenes is a well-known cause of meningitis, colitis, and bacteremia; however, obstructive pyelonephritis caused by L. monocytogenes has never been reported. We herein report on a 90-year-old Japanese woman with obstructive pyelonephritis and bacteremia due to uterus carcinoma invading the ureter. She was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever and chills, and her physical examination revealed left costovertebral angle tenderness. Computed tomography showed hydronephrosis and complete ureteral obstruction due to tumor invasion. Blood and urine cultures upon nephrostomy revealed the growth of L. monocytogenes. We treated the patient with two weeks of intravenous ampicillin and an additional one-week treatment of oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. This case shows the importance to recognize L. monocytogenes as a potential causative agent of urinary tract infection.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Listeriose , Pielonefrite/microbiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ampicilina/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Pielonefrite/diagnóstico , Pielonefrite/terapia , Neoplasias Uterinas/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The first aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiology of enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSIs) at a Japanese tertiary-care hospital. The second aim is to identify predictive factors for 30-day mortality. METHODS: We conducted a single center retrospective observational study. All patients with enterococcal BSI between 2005 and 2014 were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate predictive factors for 30-day mortality. RESULTS: A total of 410 patients with enterococcal BSI were enrolled. Enterococcus faecalis was identified in 200 patients (48.8%) and Enterococcus faecium in 124 patients (30.2%). Isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and vancomycin (67.3% and 97.8%, respectively). Isolates that were not susceptible to vancomycin were either Enterococcus casseliflavus or Enterococcus gallinarum. All strains of E. faecalis and 10.8% of E. faecium strains were susceptible to ampicillin. Thirty-day mortality was 24.8%. Predictive factors for 30-day mortality were Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 1-2 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 6.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-30.2), CCI 3-4 (adjusted OR 8.79, 95% CI: 1.70-45.4), CCI ≥5 (adjusted OR 17.6, 95% CI: 3.52-88.2), E. faecium bacteremia (adjusted OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.27-3.76), Pitt Bacteremia Score (PBS) ≥5 (adjusted OR 15.1, 95% CI: 6.41-35.6), and source control (adjusted OR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0.72). CONCLUSION: Vancomycin-resistant strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium were not seen in this cohort. In addition, all strains of E. faecalis and 10.8% of E. faecium strains were susceptible to ampicillin. Predictive factors for 30-day mortality were CCI score, E. faecium bacteremia, PBS score, and source control.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/mortalidade , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Japan and other societies with rapidly aging populations, recurrent pneumonia (RP) is a major clinical problem yet only limited information exists regarding the burden of this disease. METHODS: A prospective study of adult pneumonia was conducted to investigate the incidence of RP and potential risk factors. From February 1, 2012 to January 31, 2013, patients aged ≥ 15 years who were diagnosed with pneumonia were prospectively enrolled in a representative community hospital located in central Japan. Patients were followed for one-year to evaluate the recurrence of pneumonia and characteristics associated with RP. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and ascertain risk factors significantly associated with RP. RESULTS: In total, 841 patients with a median age of 73 years (range 15-101 years) were enrolled totaling 1,048 person-years of observation with a median follow-up time of 475 days. A total of 137 patients had at least one recurrent episode with an incidence rate of 13.1 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval: 11.1-15.5). In multivariate analysis, a past history of pneumonia (aHR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.35-2.8), chronic pulmonary disease (aHR 1.86, 1.24-2.78) and inhaled corticosteroid usage (aHR 1.78, 1.12-2.84) and hypnotic/sedative medication usage (aHR 2.06, 1.28-3.31) were identified as independent risk factors for recurrent pneumonia, whereas angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors usage was associated with a reduction of the risk of RP (aHR 0.22, 0.05-0.91). The detection of P. aeruginosa was significantly associated with RP even after adjusting for chronic pulmonary diseases (aHR = 2.37). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent pneumonia constitutes a considerable proportion of the pneumonia burden in Japan. A past history of pneumonia, chronic pulmonary disease, inhaled corticosteroid and hypnotic/sedative medication usage and detection of P. aeruginosa were identified as independent risk factors for recurrent pneumonia and special attention regarding the use of medications in this vulnerable population is needed to reduce the impact of this disease in aging populations.
Assuntos
Pneumonia Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Prospectivos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Escarro/microbiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Urina/microbiologia , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Bacteriemia , Infecções por Corynebacterium , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Corynebacterium/genética , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are growing numbers of reports concerning the clinical and pathological features of Helicobacter cinaedi (H. cinaedi) bacteremia; however, few reports have discussed the features of this condition in healthy individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a Japanese tertiary care hospital to assess the clinical features of community-acquired H. cinaedi. All patients in whom H. cinaedi was isolated between January 2009 and March 2014 were identified from the hospital database. RESULTS: Of the 28 patients included in the study, 12 had community-acquired H. cinaedi bacteremia. The most common clinical feature was cellulitis (n = 17). However, nearly half of the patients with healthcare-associated or nosocomial-associated bacteremia displayed no symptoms with the exception of fever. Most patients were successfully treated with a 14-day regime of third-generation cephalosporins or tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that H. cinaedi infections are quite common in immunocompetent community-dwelling individuals.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Helicobacter/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) bacteremia in recent years, we conducted a retrospective cohort study and compared its findings with the data from previous studies. METHODS: All patients with positive blood cultures from May 2005 to September 2014 in a tertiary care center with 925 beds were included. RESULTS: There were 78 cases of SAG bacteremia (51 cases men; median age, 68 years) during the study period. The most common comorbidities were solid tumors in 32.1% of the patients. The most common infection source was hepatobiliary in one-third of all cases. Other infection sites included the following: intra-abdominal (12.8%), thoracic (10.3%), musculoskeletal (9%), urinary tract (7.7%), soft tissues (7.7%), and cervicofacial (6.4%). Susceptibility to penicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin were 100% (78/78), 95% (70/74) and 85% (39/46), respectively. Surgery along with systemic antibiotic treatment was administered in 53% of the cases. In-hospital mortality was 14.1%. CONCLUSION: The clinical sources of the SAG bacteria were diverse, and hepatobiliary infection was the most common source of infection. In more than half of the patients, surgical treatment was performed. Susceptibility to penicillin was 100%, but susceptibility to erythromycin was lower than that reported in previous studies.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus anginosus , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Although candiduria is becoming increasingly common among hospitalized patients, Candida lusitaniae is a rare pathogen that account for less than 1% of Candida species isolated from urine. Ascending pyelonephritis and candidemia due to Candida species are uncommon complications. We report herein on a case of acute pyelonephritis and candidemia due to C. lusitaniae. A 66-year-old man presented with a high fever during hospitalization at our hospital following septic shock due to ischial osteomyelitis treated with tazobactam/piperacillin for 29 days. We suspected acute pyelonephritis, and urinary Gram staining showed only yeasts and leucocytes. The next day, blood culture and urine culture tested positive and showed yeast-like fungi. We diagnosed acute pyelonephritis and candidemia due to Candida species and started treatment with fluconazole. C. lusitaniae was identified on the hospital day 34 and treated with fluconazole for 14 days. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species isolated from the urinary tract, however non-albicans Candida species have emerged and are now dominant because of the advent and increasing use of fluconazole. C. lusitaniae is a rare but important pathogen, that is generally susceptible to fluconazole and resistant to amphotericin B. It is necessary to choose an appropriately effective antifungal drug based on identification of the fungal species.
Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidemia/microbiologia , Pielonefrite/microbiologia , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Conventional reversed clinicopathological conference (RCPC) is an educational method to interpret labora- tory data. In this RCPC, physicians and several specialists in laboratory medicine discussed laboratory data of a patient with tuberculous spondylitis who complained of back pain and general fatigue. Then, they and the moderators held a question-and-answer session with an audience in a hall, and they tried to understand the detailed state of the patient. This discussion revealed the usefulness of RCPC to elucidate the clinical state of patient. At the same time, we can understand the limits of laboratory data analysis. [Review].
Assuntos
Dor nas Costas , Fadiga , Adulto , Dor nas Costas/sangue , Dor nas Costas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Laboratórios , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , MasculinoRESUMO
In the same manner as syphilis, tuberculosis (TB) was often called "The Great Imitator". We have to consider not only malignancies but also TB as a differential diagnosis when we find any tumorous regions. We report herein on a rare case, clavicular osteomyelitis due to TB. A 72-year-old female, with diabetic nephropathy, was on maintenance hemodialysis. She had a fall 2 months prior to admission followed by pain around her right clavicle. Ulceration occurred in that region a month prior to admission, and CT scan revealed a fracture of the right clavicle with a tumor surrounding that area. Seven days prior to admission, she went to a neurologist because of dizziness. MRI of the brain revealed a tumor in her pons. The physician suspected the tumor was metastasis. Needle biopsies revealed only necrotic tissue so the medical oncologist consulted us because they suspected it was caused by infection of some kind. From the patient's history and the physical examination, we suspected TB osteomyelitis and grew some more cultures, but only MRSA and E. coli were detected. We administered vancomycin and cefmetazole for the secondary bacterial osteomyelitis. After a month of hospitalization, we found miliary regions on her chest CT and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was grown from the needle biopsy specimen. We started multi-antituberculosis therapy and the patient had a good prognosis. We report herein on a rare case of clavicular osteomyelitis due to TB, together with a review of the literature.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Osteomielite/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Osteomielite/tratamento farmacológico , Osteomielite/microbiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/microbiologiaRESUMO
We report herein on a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (Salmonella Infantis). A 30-year-old Japanese man presenting with a 3-week history of left ankle pain was suspected to have either a tumor or osteomyelitis, on the basis of imaging study findings. He underwent a surgical resection of the lesion. Histopathological examination revealed a granuloma. However, S. Infantis was cultured from the biopsy sample. Cefazolin was initially administered as empirical therapy. We switched the antibiotic to ampicillin on the basis of the anitibiotic-susceptibility test results. Six weeks after intravenous ampicillin therapy, we switched to oral ciprofloxacin. He has had no recurrence in the 3 years after treatment completion. Salmonella osteomyelitis is rare and this pathogen seldom causes a granulomatous lesion. According to the findings in our case, Salmonella spp. should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses for granulomatous lesions in the bone.
Assuntos
Osteomielite/etiologia , Osteomielite/patologia , Infecções por Salmonella/complicações , Adulto , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
In 2014, we reported the first trial based on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) with continuous infusions in Japan. Following this, we found many patients who were eligible for OPAT but could not undertake it owing to difficulties in accessing the clinic daily. To overcome this problem, we created a model in collaboration with visiting nursing stations and started providing OPAT with the services. We report herein on a summary of the investigation of the first 10 patients treated under this model. We collected data pertaining to diseases, organisms, antimicrobials, treatment duration, bed days saved, outcome, readmission rate, and cost reductions associated with these patients. The most commonly targeted disease was osteomyelitis, followed by infective endocarditis. The condition of nine of the patients was complicated by bacteremia. The most commonly targeted organism was Staphylococcus aureus. Cefazolin was the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial, followed by Penicillin G. The median duration for OPAT was 12 days (range: 5-23 days). The total number of bed days saved was 129. All patients completed the planned OPAT. Eight patients were cured and two showed improvement. Only one patient was readmitted within a month after the completion of therapy. The estimated medical cost reduction was 496,540 yen, which is approximately 4,200 US dollars. Collaboration with visiting nursing stations provided OPAT to the patients who had difficulties in accessing the clinic daily. Our study shows that OPAT administered by continuous infusion in collaboration with home-visit nursing services would be a safe and feasible practice for efficient bed utilization and medical cost saving.