RESUMO
The memory-enhancing activity of Matricaria chamomilla hydroalcoholic extract (MCE) is already being investigated by behavioral and biochemical assays in scopolamine-induced amnesia rat models, while the effects of scopolamine (Sco) on cerebral glucose metabolism are examined as well. Nevertheless, the study of the metabolic profile determined by an enriched MCE has not been performed before. The present experiments compared metabolic quantification in characteristic cerebral regions and behavioral characteristics for normal, only diseased, diseased, and MCE- vs. Galantamine (Gal)-treated Wistar rats. A memory deficit was induced by four weeks of daily intraperitoneal Sco injection. Starting on the eighth day, the treatment was intraperitoneally administered 30 min after Sco injection for a period of three weeks. The memory assessment comprised three maze tests. Glucose metabolism was quantified after the 18F-FDG PET examination. The right amygdala, piriform, and entorhinal cortex showed the highest differential radiopharmaceutical uptake of the 50 regions analyzed. Rats treated with MCE show metabolic similarity with normal rats, while the Gal-treated group shows features closer to the diseased group. Behavioral assessments evidenced a less anxious status and a better locomotor activity manifested by the MCE-treated group compared to the Gal-treated group. These findings prove evident metabolic ameliorative qualities of MCE over Gal classic treatment, suggesting that the extract could be a potent neuropharmacological agent against amnesia.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder attributed to several etiological factors including cholinergic dysregulation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, ß-amyloidogenesis, and tauopathy. This demands the search for multitarget drugs, especially of natural sources owing to their pleiotropic activities and low adverse effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the cognitive-improving potential of Ceratonia siliqua L. (Cs) extract compared with donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on AD-like pathological alterations induced by single intracerebroventricular amyloid-ß42 (Aß42) injection in mice. Aß42-injected mice were treated with Cs (100 mg/kg/day, po) with or without methyllycaconitine (MLA; 1 mg/kg/day, ip), an α7-nAChR antagonist. Aß42-injected animals demonstrated an elevation of hippocampal Aß42, p-Tau, and acetylcholinesterase. They also showed a decline in phosphorylated levels of Jak2, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3ß, leading to induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Noteworthy, Cs improved the histopathological and behavioral variables in addition to mitigating AD hallmarks. It also exerted neuroprotection by reducing NF-κBp65 and TNF-α, while elevating Nrf2 and HO-1, along with stabilizing ß-catenin under the impact of Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3ß signaling. These beneficial effects of Cs were abrogated by MLA co-administration signifying the α7-nAChR involvement in Cs-mediated effects. Therefore, Cs can ameliorate Aß42-induced neurodegeneration by modulating Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3ß/ß-catenin axis in an α7-nAChR-dependent manner.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Camundongos , Animais , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , beta Catenina , Acetilcolinesterase , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade , Doença de Alzheimer/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios , CogniçãoRESUMO
Sweroside is a secoiridoid glycoside and belongs to a large group of naturally occurring monoterpenes with glucose sugar attached to C-1 in the pyran ring. Sweroside can promote different biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, sedative and antitumor, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Zebrafish were given sweroside (12.79, 8.35, and 13.95 nM) by immersion once daily for 8 days, along with scopolamine (Sco, 100 µM) 30 min before the initiation of the behavioral testing to cause anxiety and memory loss. Employing the novel tank diving test (NTT), the Y-maze, and the novel object recognition test (NOR), anxiety-like reactions and memory-related behaviors were assessed. The following seven groups (n = 10 animals per group) were used: control, Sco (100 µM), sweroside treatment (2.79, 8.35, and 13.95 nM), galantamine (GAL, 2.71 µM as the positive control in Y-maze and NOR tests), and imipramine (IMP, 63.11 µM as the positive control in NTT test). Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and the antioxidant condition of the brains were also evaluated. The structure of sweroside isolated from Schenkia spicata was identified. Treatment with sweroside significantly improved the Sco-induced decrease of the cholinergic system activity and brain oxidative stress. These results suggest that sweroside exerts a significant effect on anxiety and cognitive impairment, driven in part by the modulation of the cholinergic system activity and brain antioxidant action.
Assuntos
Escopolamina , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Colinérgicos/farmacologia , Galantamina/farmacologia , Glucose/farmacologia , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Imipramina/farmacologia , Glucosídeos Iridoides/farmacologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Memória/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Escopolamina/efeitos adversos , Açúcares , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
Y. schidigera contains a number of unusual polyphenols, derivatives of resveratrol and naringenin, called spiro-flavostilbenoids, which have potent in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moderate cholinesterase inhibitory activities. To date, these compounds have not been tested in vivo for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of both single spiro-flavostilbenoids (yuccaol B and gloriosaol A) and phenolic fractions derived from Y. schidigera bark on scopolamine-induced anxiety and memory process deterioration using a Danio rerio model. Detailed phytochemical analysis of the studied fractions was carried out using different chromatographic techniques and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The novel tank diving test was used as a method to measure zebrafish anxiety, whereas spatial working memory function was assessed in Y-maze. In addition, acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase (AChE/BChE) and 15-lipooxygenase (15-LOX) inhibition tests were performed in vitro. All pure compounds and fractions under study exerted anxiolytic and procognitive action. Moreover, strong anti-oxidant capacity was observed, whereas weak inhibition towards cholinesterases was found. Thus, we may conclude that the observed behavioral effects are complex and result rather from inhibition of oxidative stress processes and influence on cholinergic muscarinic receptors (both 15-LOX and scopolamine assays) than effects on cholinesterases. Y. schidigera is a source of substances with desirable properties in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Assuntos
Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Yucca , Acetilcolinesterase , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Butirilcolinesterase , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/análise , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fenóis/química , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Escopolamina/efeitos adversos , Escopolamina/análise , Yucca/química , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum has been used as medicinal herbs promoting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. We investigated the protective effects and the mechanism of O. vulgare ssp. hirtum essential oil (OEO) on cognitive impairment and brain oxidative stress in a scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of cognitive impairment. Our results show that exposure to Sco (100 µM) leads to anxiety, spatial memory, and response to novelty dysfunctions, whereas the administration of OEO (25, 150, and 300 µL/L, once daily for 13 days) reduced anxiety-like behavior and improved cognitive ability, which was confirmed by behavioral tests, such as the novel tank-diving test (NTT), Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test (NOR) in zebrafish. Additionally, Sco-induced brain oxidative stress and increasing of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were attenuated by the administration of OEO. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were used to elucidate the OEO composition, comprising thymol (38.82%), p-cymene (20.28%), and γ-terpinene (19.58%) as the main identified components. These findings suggest the ability of OEO to revert the Sco-induced cognitive deficits by restoring the cholinergic system activity and brain antioxidant status. Thus, OEO could be used as perspective sources of bioactive compounds, displaying valuable biological activities, with potential pharmaceutical applications.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Disfunção Cognitiva/induzido quimicamente , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Origanum/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Escopolamina/efeitos adversos , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos/análise , Cimenos/análise , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Timol/análiseRESUMO
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing oxidase enzyme that initiates melanin synthesis in humans. Excessive accumulation of melanin pigments or the overexpression of tyrosinase may result in skin-related disorders such as aging spots, wrinkles, melasma, freckles, lentigo, ephelides, nevus, browning and melanoma. Nature expresses itself through the plants as a source of phytochemicals with diverse biological properties. Among these bioactive compounds, flavonoids represent a huge natural class with different categories such as flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones and chalcones that display antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities with a diversity of mechanistic approaches. In this review, we explore the role of novel or known flavonoids isolated from different plant species and their participation as tyrosinase inhibitors reported in the last five years from 2016 to 2021. We also discuss the mechanistic approaches through the different studies carried out on these compounds, including in vitro, in vivo and in silico computational research. Information was obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. We hope that the updated comprehensive data presented in this review will help researchers to develop new safe, efficacious, and effective drug or skin care products for the prevention of and/or protection against skin-aging disorders.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos , Flavonoides , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Dermatopatias , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/enzimologiaRESUMO
The sterile stems belonging to the Equisetum species are often used in traditional medicine of various nations, including Romanians. They are highly efficient in treating urinary tract infections, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract infections, and medical skin conditions due to their content of polyphenolic derivatives that have been isolated. In this regard, this study aimed to provide the chemical composition of the extracts obtained from the Equisetum species (E. pratense, E. sylvaticum, E. telmateia) and to investigate the biological action in vitro and in vivo. For the chemical characterization of the analyzed Equisetum species extracts, studies were performed by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-DAD). In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts obtained from these species of Equisetum genus was determined. The neuroprotective activity of these three ethanolic extracts from the Equisetum species using zebrafish tests was determined in vivo. All obtained results were statistically significant. The results indicate that E. sylvaticum extract has a significant antioxidant activity; whereas, E. pratense extract had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects significantly higher than the other two extracts used. All these determinations indicate promising results for the antioxidant in vitro tests and neuroprotective activity of in vivo tests, particularly mediated by their active principles.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Equisetum/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
The present study investigated the capability of an essential oil mix (MO: 1% and 3%) in ameliorating amnesia and brain oxidative stress in a rat model of scopolamine (Sco) and tried to explore the underlying mechanism. The MO was administered by inhalation to rats once daily for 21 days, while Sco (0.7 mg/kg) treatment was delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Donepezil (DP: 5 mg/kg) was used as a positive reference drug. The cognitive-enhancing effects of the MO in the Sco rat model were assessed in the Y-maze, radial arm maze (RAM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. As identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the chemical composition of the MO is comprised by limonene (91.11%), followed by γ-terpinene (2.02%), ß-myrcene (1.92%), ß-pinene (1.76%), α-pinene (1.01%), sabinene (0.67%), linalool (0.55%), cymene (0.53%), and valencene (0.43%). Molecular interactions of limonene as the major compound in MO with the active site of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was explored via molecular docking experiments, and Van der Waals (vdW) contacts were observed between limonene and the active site residues SER198, HIS438, LEU286, VAL288, and PHE329. The brain oxidative status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE inhibitory activities were also determined. MO reversed Sco-induced memory deficits and brain oxidative stress, along with cholinesterase inhibitory effects, which is an important mechanism in the anti-amnesia effect. Our present findings suggest that MO ameliorated memory impairment induced by Sco via restoration of the cholinergic system activity and brain antioxidant status.
Assuntos
Amnésia/tratamento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Escopolamina/efeitos adversos , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Amnésia/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Escala de Avaliação Comportamental , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Butirilcolinesterase/química , Butirilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Donepezila/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Limoneno/farmacologia , Limoneno/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
We investigated the neuropharmacological effects of the methanolic extract from Lactuca capensis Thunb. leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days on memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model produced by direct intraventricular delivery of amyloid-ß1-42 (Aß1-42). Behavioural assays such as Y-maze and radial arm maze test were used for assessing memory performance. Aß1-42 decreased cognitive performance in the behavioural tests which were ameliorated by pre-treatment with the methanolic extract. Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidant-antioxidant balance in the rat hippocampus were abnormally altered by Aß1-42 treatment while these deficits were recovered by pre-treatment with the methanolic extract. In addition, rats were given Aß1-42 exhibited in the hippocampus decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA copy number and increased IL-1ß mRNA copy number which was reversed by the methanolic extract administration. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract could be a potent neuropharmacological agent against dementia via modulating cholinergic activity, increasing of BDNF levels and promoting antioxidant action in the rat hippocampus.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Asteraceae/química , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dosagem de Genes , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Metanol , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Carbonilação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Memória Espacial/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Plants of the genus Markhamia have been traditionally used by different tribes in various parts of West African countries, including Cameroun. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae) is used as an antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer agent. The current study was undertaken in order to investigate its anti-amnesic and antioxidant potential on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and to determine its possible mechanism of action. METHODS: Rats were pretreated with the aqueous extract (50 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), for 10 days, and received a single injection of scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg, i.p.) before training in Y-maze and radial arm-maze tests. The biochemical parameters in the rat hippocampus were also assessed to explore oxidative status. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. F values for which p < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: In the scopolamine-treated rats, the aqueous extract improved memory in behavioral tests and decreased the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Also, the aqueous extract exhibited anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the aqueous extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.
Assuntos
Bignoniaceae/química , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Escopolamina/farmacologia , Memória Espacial/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study was designed to examine an anxiety-like behavior in the adult gonadectomized (GDX) male rats subjected to testosterone propionate (TP) treatment alone or in combination with 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, or with NAN-190, 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. Two weeks after gonadectomy, GDX rats were subjected by treatments with the solvent, TP (0.5mg/kg, s.c.), 8-OH-DPAT (0.05mg/kg, s.c.), NAN-190 (0.1mg/kg, i.p.), TP in combination with 8-OH-DPAT or NAN-190 during 14days. Anxiety behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field test (OFT). 8-OH-DPAT treatment failed to modify the anxiety-like behavior of GDX rats in the EPM as compared to the GDX rats given with oil solvent. NAN-190 injected alone or in combination with TP to GDX rats resulted in a significant anxiolytic-like effect as compared to the GDX given with oil solvent or TP application. Our data indicate that the combination of NAN-190 and TP is more effective than TP alone in GDX rats inducing a more profound anxiolytic-like effect in the EPM. Thus, the results of this study suggest that effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonist/antagonist can modify anxiety level in opposite direction in male rats after gonadectomy.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Castração , Receptor 5-HT1A de Serotonina/metabolismo , Antagonistas do Receptor 5-HT1 de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Testosterona/efeitos adversos , 8-Hidroxi-2-(di-n-propilamino)tetralina/farmacologia , 8-Hidroxi-2-(di-n-propilamino)tetralina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Ansiedade/patologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Ratos Wistar , Antagonistas do Receptor 5-HT1 de Serotonina/farmacologia , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn (Sapotaceae) is a perennial three which naturally grows in the northern part of Cameroon. It has been traditionally used in the Cameroonian folk medicine for treating inflammation and pain. In the present study, we evaluate the possible anti-amnesic and antioxidative effects of the methanolic extract of V. paradoxa stem bark in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model of scopolamine. Rats received a single injection of scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg) before behavioral testing and were treated with the methanolic extract (25 and 50 mg/kg), daily, for eight continuous days. Also, the antioxidant activity in the hippocampus was assessed using the total content of reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels. The scopolamine-treated rats exhibited the following: decrease of exploratory time and discrimination index within the novel object recognition test, decrease of spontaneous alternations percentage within Y-maze task, and increase of working memory errors, reference memory errors, and time taken to consume all five baits within radial arm-maze task. Administration of the methanolic extract significantly improved these parameters, suggesting positive effects on memory formation processes and antioxidant potential. Our results suggest that the methanolic extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sapotaceae/química , Animais , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Metanol , Ratos Wistar , Escopolamina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Juniper volatile oil is extracted from Juniperus communis L., of the Cupressaceae family, also known as common juniper. Also, in aromatherapy the juniper volatile oil is used against anxiety, nervous tension and stress-related conditions. In the present study, we identified the effects of the juniper volatile oil on amyloid beta (1-42)-induced oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Rats received a single intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta (1-42) (400 pmol/rat) and then were exposed to juniper volatile oil (200 µl, either 1 or 3 %) for controlled 60 min period, daily, for 21 continuous days. Also, the antioxidant activity in the hippocampus was assessed using superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase specific activities, the total content of the reduced glutathione, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, the acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus was assessed. The amyloid beta (1-42)-treated rats exhibited the following: increase of the acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase and catalase specific activities, decrease of glutathione peroxidase specific activity and the total content of the reduced glutathione along with an elevation of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. Inhalation of the juniper volatile oil significantly decreases the acetylcholinesterase activity and exhibited antioxidant potential. These findings suggest that the juniper volatile oil may be a potential candidate for the development of therapeutic agents to manage oxidative stress associated with Alzheimer's disease through decreasing the activity of acetylcholinesterase and anti-oxidative mechanism.
Assuntos
Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Colinesterase/administração & dosagem , Hipocampo/enzimologia , Juniperus , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Administração por Inalação , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Ferulago angulata (Apiaceae) is a shrub indigenous to western Iran, Turkey and Iraq. In traditional medicine, F. angulata is recommended for treating digestive pains, hemorrhoids, snake bite, ulcers and as sedative. In the present study, the effects of inhaled F. angulata essential oil (1 and 3%, daily, for 21 days) on spatial memory performance were assessed in scopolamine-treated rats. Scopolamine-induced memory impairments were observed, as measured by the Y-maze and radial arm-maze tasks. Decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase along with increase of acetylcholinesterase activity and decrease of total content of reduced glutathione were observed in the rat hippocampal homogenates of scopolamine-treated animals as compared with control. Production of protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde significantly increased in the rat hippocampal homogenates of scopolamine-treated animals as compared with control, as a consequence of impaired antioxidant enzymes activities. Additionally, in scopolamine-treated rats exposure to F. angulata essential oil significantly improved memory formation and decreased oxidative stress, suggesting memory-enhancing and antioxidant effects. Therefore, our results suggest that multiple exposures to F. angulata essential oil ameliorate scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.
Assuntos
Amnésia/prevenção & controle , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apiaceae/química , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Escopolamina/farmacologia , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/enzimologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) is employed in traditional medicine of many countries as analgesic, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antidepressant and cognitive-enhancing agent. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the possible anxiolytic, antidepressant and antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract of Piper nigrum fruits in beta-amyloid (1-42) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: The anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of the methanolic extract were studied by means of in vivo (elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests) approaches. Also, the antioxidant activity in the amygdala was assessed using superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase specific activities, the total content of the reduced glutathione, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde levels. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. F values for which p < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used in order to evaluate the connection between behavioral measures, the antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS: The beta-amyloid (1-42)-treated rats exhibited the following: decrease of the exploratory activity, the percentage of the time spent and the number of entries in the open arm within elevated plus-maze test and decrease of swimming time and increase of immobility time within forced swimming test. Administration of the methanolic extract significantly exhibited anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects and also antioxidant potential. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that the methanolic extract ameliorates beta-amyloid (1-42)-induced anxiety and depression by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat amygdala.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Piper nigrum/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Doença de Alzheimer/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Metanol , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Solventes , Natação/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: While the Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. Wright (Fabaceae) is a traditional herb largely used in the African traditional medicine as analgesic, purgative, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, memory-enhancer, anxiolytic and antidepressant drug, there are no scientific data that clarify the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned animal model of Parkinson's disease. This study was undertaken in order to identify the effects of aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced anxiety, depression and oxidative stress in the rat amygdala. METHODS: The effect of the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves (150 and 300 mg/kg, orally, daily, for 21 days) on anxiety and depression was assessed using elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests, as animal models of anxiety and depression. Also, the antioxidant activity in the rat amygdala was assessed using assessed using superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase specific activities, the total content of the reduced glutathione, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde levels. Statistical analyses were performed using by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. F values for which p < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used in order to evaluate the connection between behavioral measures, the antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS: 6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibited the following: decrease of the exploratory activity, the percentage of the time spent and the number of entries in the open arm within elevated plus-maze test and decrease of swimming time and increase of immobility time within forced swimming test. Administration of the aqueous extract significantly exhibited anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects and also antioxidant potential in the rat amygdala. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the aqueous extract ameliorates 6-OHDA-induced anxiety and depression by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat amygdala. These pieces of evidence accentuate its use in traditional medicine.
Assuntos
Albizzia/química , Tonsila do Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ansiolíticos/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Tonsila do Cerebelo/enzimologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Animais , Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Ansiedade/metabolismo , Depressão/induzido quimicamente , Depressão/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidroxidopaminas/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study analyzed the possible memory-enhancing and antioxidant proprieties of the methanolic extract of Piper nigrum L. fruits (50 and 100 mg/kg, orally, for 21 days) in amyloid beta(1-42) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. The memory-enhancing effects of the plant extract were studied by means of in vivo (Y-maze and radial arm-maze tasks) approaches. Also, the antioxidant activity in the hippocampus was assessed using superoxide dismutase-, catalase-, glutathione peroxidase-specific activities and the total content of reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl levels. The amyloid beta(1-42)-treated rats exhibited the following: decrease of spontaneous alternations percentage within Y-maze task and increase of working memory and reference memory errors within radial arm-maze task. Administration of the plant extract significantly improved memory performance and exhibited antioxidant potential. Our results suggest that the plant extract ameliorates amyloid beta(1-42)-induced spatial memory impairment by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade , Transtornos da Memória/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Piper nigrum , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Doença de Alzheimer/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Frutas , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Metanol/farmacologia , Metanol/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. Wright (Fabaceae) is a traditional herb largely used in the African traditional medicine as analgesic, purgative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and memory-enhancer drug. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the possible cognitive-enhancing and antioxidative effects of the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rodent model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The effect of the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves (150 and 300 mg/kg, orally, daily, for 21 days) on spatial memory performance was assessed using Y-maze and radial arm-maze tasks, as animal models of spatial memory. Pergolide-induced rotational behavior test was employed to validate unilateral damage to dopamine nigrostriatal neurons. Also, in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed through the estimation of total flavonoid and total phenolic contents along with determination of free radical scavenging activity. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. F values for which p<0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used in order to evaluate the association between behavioral parameters and net rotations in rotational behavior test. RESULTS: The 6-OHDA-treated rats exhibited the following: decrease of spontaneous alternations percentage within Y-maze task and increase of working memory errors and reference memory errors within radial arm maze task. Administration of the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves significantly improved these parameters, suggesting positive effects on spatial memory formation. Also, the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves showed potent in vitro antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in vivo evaluation, the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves attenuated the contralateral rotational asymmetry observed by pergolide challenge in 6-OHDA-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that the aqueous extract of A. adianthifolia leaves possesses antioxidant potential and might provide an opportunity for management neurological abnormalities in Parkinson's disease conditions.
Assuntos
Albizzia/química , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Flavonoides/administração & dosagem , Flavonoides/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Oxidopamina/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/psicologia , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by dementia and cognitive decline. AD is essentially associated with the presence of aggregates of the amyloid-ß peptide and the hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. The available AD therapies can only alleviate the symptoms; therefore, the development of natural treatments that exhibit neuroprotective effects and correct the behavioral impairment is a critical requirement. The present review aims to collect the natural substances that have been evaluated for their neuroprotective profile against AD-like behaviors induced in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by scopolamine. We focused on articles retrieved from the PubMed database via preset searching strings from 2010 to 2023. Our review assembled 21 studies that elucidated the activities of 28 various natural substances, including bioactive compounds, extracts, fractions, commercial compounds, and essential oils. The listed compounds enhanced cognition and showed several mechanisms of action, namely antioxidant potential, acetylcholinesterase's inhibition, and reduction of lipid peroxidation. Additional studies should be achieved to demonstrate their preventive and therapeutic activities in cellular and rodent models. Further clinical trials would be extremely solicited to support more insight into the neuroprotective effects of the most promising drugs in an AD context.