A highly selective chromogenic and fluorogenic chemodosimeter for dual detection of Cu2+ based on a redox-active calix[4]arene with isoxazolylchloroanthracene.

Calix[4]arene 1, with two lower-rim isoxazolylchloroanthracene groups, is shown to be not only a chromogenic but also a fluorogenic chemodosimeter for the selective sensing of Cu2+. The binding properties of ligand 1 and control compounds 2 and 3 toward metal ions in CH3CN/CHCl3 (v/v, 1 : 1) were investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that only ligand 1 was highly selective for Cu2+ ions. When complexed with Cu2+, ligand 1 displayed a new absorption band around 435 nm and the color of the solution changed from colorless to yellow. Furthermore, the fluorescence of ligand 1 was severely quenched by Cu2+ and the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 1.674 µM. Therefore, compound 1 is not only a chromogenic but also a fluorogenic sensor for the detection of Cu2+ ions over other metal ions examined. When complexed with ligand 1, Cu2+ was reduced to Cu+ by the free phenolic-OH of ligand 1 and concurrently the phenol was oxidized by Cu2+ to quinones. The 1H NMR, EPR, and FTIR spectra provided evidence for the redox behavior of ligand 1 with Cu2+. The isolation of calix[4]diquinone 8 and Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4 from the reaction of ligand 1 with Cu(ClO4)2 confirmed their redox reaction.

Three-month Chan-Chuang qigong program improves physical performance and quality of life of patients with cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial.

This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of a 3-month-long Chan-Chuang qigong program on patients' physical performance and quality of life while excluding the influence caused by the progression of their cognitive impairment. Patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment were recruited from two dementia daycare centers in Taiwan. The control group (n = 41) received the standardized plan of treatment, and the qigong group (n = 39) received the standardized plan of treatment plus the Chan-Chuang qigong program. The outcomes were muscle strength, muscle endurance, exercise capacity, and quality of life. After controlling for the progression of cognitive impairment, the qigong group showed significant improvements over the control group and baseline in muscle strength and exercise capacity at Months 2 and 3 (p < 0.05) and in muscle endurance at Months 1, 2, and 3 (p < 0.05). The Cognitron test scores were significantly associated with muscle strength (p = 0.03), whereas the Corsi block-tapping test scores were significantly associated with exercise capacity (p = 0.001). Furthermore, a significant between-group difference was detected in the physical (p = 0.01), not mental (p = 0.83), component of quality of life. The 3-month Chan-Chuang qigong program can be applied for patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment as complementary therapy to improve their muscle strength, muscle endurance, exercise capacity, and physical quality of life. This program should be practiced for at least 2 months to achieve satisfactory results.

A cross-sectional study of perception toward university social responsibility and environmental sustainability practices in medical university students under promotion of sustainable thinking within the university.

This study aims to assess the associations among students' perceptions of climate change, university social responsibility (USR), and environmental sustainability practices at a medical university. It also aims to identify the factors associated with these elements. A cross-sectional self-report study was conducted with a total sample of 416 undergraduate students from a medical university in Taiwan during October 2019. Data gathered comprised sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of climate change issues, environmental sustainability practices, measure for perception toward USR, and transportation modes. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, two-sample t test, and multiple linear regression models were used. Results of multiple linear regression demonstrated that the level of certainty in climate change existence (extremely and mostly certain vs somewhat or not certain at all, 1.45 [0.68]), score for usage of nonpublic transportation (per 1-point increase, 0.52 [0.25]), and students' perception toward USR (per 1-point increase, 0.14 [0.04]) were associated with the total score of environmental sustainability practice (R-square = 11.47%). In addition, school year (non-freshmen vs freshmen, -1.64 [0.65]) and environmental sustainability practices (per 1-point increase, 0.23 [0.06]) were associated with the total score of students' perception of USR (R-square = 6.57%). Promoting environmental sustainability among university students can be achieved by implementing USR-oriented courses or activities. Our research is pioneering in investigating and discussing the perceived USR and environmental sustainability practices among university students in Taiwan.