One-pot synthesis and hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensing of 3D TiO2/MnO2 nanorods assembled microspheres.

Nanorods assembled 3D microspheres of TiO2/MnO2 were prepared via a simple one-pot hydrothermal approach. The resultant composite material exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in comparison to each single component. The electrochemical sensor constructed with TiO2/MnO2 exhibited a linear relationship within the range 0.0001-5.6 mmol·L-1 for H2O2. The limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity for H2O2 were 0.03 µmol·L-1 (S/N = 3) and 316.6 µA (mmol·L-1)-1 cm-2. Moreover, this sensor can be employed to detect trace amount of H2O2 in serum and urine samples successfully, supporting an insight and strategy for a more sensitive electrochemical sensor.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from the Fruit of Acanthopanaxbrachypus: Physicochemical, Structural and Functional Properties.

The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters of total water-soluble polysaccharides (TABPs) from Acanthopanaxbrachypus fruit were optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Physicochemical, structural, and functional properties of TABPs were investigated by chemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC), emulsion capacity (EC), emulsion stability (ES), as well as DPPH. and ABTS.+ scavenging assays. The results showed that the maximal UAE-yield of TABPs was 3.81±0.18 % under the optimal conditions (ultrasonic power 325 W, extraction temperature 47 °C, extraction time 22 min). TABPs was rich in some beneficial element (Mg, K, Fe, Zn and Na) but little in harmful elements (Hg, Cd, As and Pb), and displayed rough surface with flake-like features and large dents, contained 93.89±0.08 % of total carbohydrate with more different monosaccharides including glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, and uronic acid in a molar ratio of 8.83 : 7.90 : 4.74 : 4.55 : 2.80 : 2.39 : 1.00, respectively. TABPs exhibited broad weight distribution (11.2-133.5 kDa), excellent thermal stability (>280 °C), WHC (0.61±0.08 g water/g sample) and OHC (4.53±0.12 g oil/g sample), as well as higher EC (43.75±1.23 %) and ES (38.32±1.50 %). Furthermore, TABPs also displayed remarkable scavenging activities on DPPH. and ABTS.+ in vitro. These findings provide a scientific basis for the applications of TABPs in functional additives for food, medicine, and cosmetics.

[Current situation and problems of national standards for Chinese medicinal materials].

To learn the current situation and strengthen the management of national standards for Chinese medicinal materials, we sorted out the relevant national standards. According to incomplete statistics, there are 1 185 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, including 1 024 kinds of plant medicines, 106 kinds of animal medicines, and 54 kinds of mineral medicines, in addition to ethnic medicinal materials with different functions. The relevant standards include 819 Pharmacopoeia standards, 342 standards issued by the Ministry of Health or National Medicinal Products Administration, 7 standards for new medicinal materials, and 17 standards for imported medicinal materials. In this paper, the sources of standards as well as the distribution of families and genera and the distribution of medicinal parts of medicinal materials are analyzed. The suggestions are as follows:(1)to improve the coordination among different national standards of Chinese medicinal materials;(2)to improve the standardization and controllability of relevant standards;(3)to revise the issued standards for Chinese medicinal materials(including Tibetan, Uygur, and Mongolian medicinal materials).

Structural Modification of Stilbenoids from Acanthopanax leucorrhizus and Their Cytotoxic Activity.

A new cis-stilbenoid, 1,9-dihydroxy-10-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,f]oxocin-6-one (2) was isolated from the AcOEt extract of the stem barks of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus, along with three known stilbenoids, 9-hydroxy-10-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,f]oxocin-6-one (1), 5-O-methyl-(E)-resveratrol 3-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (3), and (E)-resveratrol 3-O-ß-d-xylopyranoside (4). Two derivatives (2a and 2b) were synthesized by the structural modification of compound 2, which exhibited certain cytotoxic activities against HT-29 and HeLa cell lines in vitro. All compounds were structurally characterized by comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic data and comparison with literature information, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines (HL-60, HT-29, and HeLa) by the standard MTT assay in vitro. The results showed that derivatives 2a and 2b exhibited strong activities than compounds 2 against HT-29 and HeLa cell lines.

[Change of hepatic drug metabolism enzymes in rat depression model with kidney-yang deficiency].

This study was designed to explore the impact of depression on kidney-yang deficiency in rats. Rats were repeatedly injected with hydrocortisone for 21 days to establish the depression model with kidneyyang deficiency. Tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, theophylline, midazolam, omeprazole and dextromethorphan were used as substrates of CYP2C6, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP3A2, CYP2D1, and CYP2D2 to test the depression impact on drug metabolism. Plasma concentrations of six CYP450 were determined by LC-MS/MS and used as pharmacokinetic parameters. Consequently, metabolism of theophylline, chlorzoxazone and tolbutamide were accelerated significantly in the model relative to the control (P < 0.01), but dextromethorphan, omeprazole and midazolam did not exhibit a significant difference. The present study suggests that depression with kidneyyang deficiency had a strong induction of CYP2E1 and moderate induction of CYP1A2, CYP2C6 in the rat model.

[Animal drugs quality status and reason analysis].

In order to reaction the quality present situation, problems on the current quality of animal sources of drugs are summed up by using test data analysis, literature search and marketing research. This paper can also help the improvement of the quality management, the revision of the relevant department policy system and the improvement of standards.

Misdiagnosis of lymphoma as vasculitis: A case report.

NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive malignant tumour with a very poor prognosis, which often poses diagnostic difficulties due to the non-specificity of its clinical presentation. NK/T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilic hyperplasia syndrome is extremely rare. This article describes a patient with NKTCL misdiagnosed as vasculitis who presented with sinusitis, abdominal pain, anorexia, and lung shadows. Additionally, the patient exhibited extremely high eosinophilia levels, which led to a further misdiagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma. We describe the clinical features, diagnostic methods and differential diagnosis of lymphoma and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Facilitation of coke gasification by coking wastewater and its degradation properties in thermochemical reactions.

The thermochemical reaction between coking wastewater and gasification-coke is a new way to achieve efficient and clean use of coal and solve the problem of coking wastewater treatment in the Gansu Longdong region. To further investigate the thermochemical reaction characteristics of coking wastewater and gasification-coke, this paper explores the effect of coking wastewater on syngas production from coke gasification at 1000 °C, the degradation effect of organic pollutants in coking wastewater, the thermochemical reactivity of gasification-coke, and the reasons why wastewater promotes coke gasification and wastewater degradation. The results showed that the thermochemical reaction of coking wastewater with gasification-coke not only facilitates the improvement of syngas yield and low-level calorific value but also improves the thermochemical reactivity of gasification-coke. Notably, phenol in coking wastewater plays a major role in promoting the gasification of gasification-coke. During the thermochemical reaction, the organic pollutants in the wastewater were effectively degraded, the degradation rate of CODCr reached more than 85%, and the degradation of organic pollutants reached more than 75%. Phenol water and coking wastewater can not only improve the dispersion of the ash phase on the surface of gasification-coke, effectively inhibiting the sintering and agglomeration of the ash phase in gasification-coke, but also change the type and number of organic functional groups in gasification-coke. Therefore, coking wastewater can promote the gasification of coke. The thermochemical reaction between coke wastewater and gasification-coke can simultaneously promote coke gasification and the degradation of coke wastewater and achieve the resourceful use of coke wastewater.

Diterpenoids from Acanthopanax brachypus Harms.

Four diterpenoids, including two new ones, namely noracanthopanin A (1) and acanthopanolide B (2), and two known ones, ent-pimara-9(11),15-dien-19-oic acid (3) and ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4), were isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax brachypus Harms. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against HO-8910 cells with IC50 values of 65.21±0.23 and 31.43±1.01 µg/ml, respectively, and 2 showed selective weak cytotoxicity against SMMC-7721 cells (IC50 89.67±2.54 µg/ml).

Pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular pseudorotaxane polymer material for ultra-sensitive detection of Fe3+ and F.

Recent advancements in ultra-sensitive detection, particularly the Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) materials, have demonstrated a promising detection method due to their low cost, real-time detection, and simplicity of operation. Here, coumarin functionalized pillar[5]arene (P5C) and bis-bromohexyl pillar[5]arene (DP5) were successfully combined to create a linear AIE supramolecular pseudorotaxane polymer (PCDP-G). The use of PCDP-G as a supramolecular AIE polymer material for recyclable ultra-sensitive Fe3+ and F- detection is an interesting application of the materials. According to measurements, the low detection limits of PCDP-G for Fe3+ and F- are 4.16 × 10-10 M and 6.8 × 10-10 M, respectively. The PCDP-G is also a very effective logic gate and a material for luminous displays.

Cross-Linked Networks of 1,6-Hexanedithiol with Gold Nanoparticles to Improve Permeation Flux of Polyethersulfone Membrane.

It is a great challenge to design and prepare polymeric membranes with excellent permeability and good rejection. In this study, a modifier of gold nanoparticles for crosslinking and self-assembly by 1,6-hexanedithiol is fabricated and used to modify the polyethersulfone membrane as an additive, which forms a uniform porous membrane by liquid-liquid phase conversion technology. The morphology of the membrane is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the change of the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface after modification is measured by the contact angle goniometer, and the performance of the fabricated membrane is measured by evaluating the pure water flux and the rejection ratio of bovine serum albumin. The results indicate that the permeability of the modified membrane has a significant improvement. When the mass fraction of the modifying agent is 5 wt%, the water flux of the modified membrane reaches up to 131.6 L m-2 h-1, and has a good rejection ratio to bovine serum albumin. In short, this work plays an important role in improving the flux of the membrane and maintaining good separation performance.

Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Coupled with HPLC-UV for Simultaneous Extraction, Purification and Determination of Six Lignans in Schisandra chinensis Fruits.

An efficient method for simultaneous extraction, purification and determination of six lignans in Schisandra chinensis Baill was developed by employing matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction followed by HPLC-UV determination analysis. Several sorbent and desorption solvent that affected the extraction yield of lignans were investigated; neutral alumina and absolute ethanol were selected as the best dispersing material and desorption agent, respectively. Other extraction conditions for MSPD were optimized as follows: 1:2 of S. chinensis raw material to neutral aluminum oxide mass ratio, 1:30 (g/mL) of sample to absolute ethanol, 2.5 h of desorption time and 50°C of desorption temperature. Under the above conditions, the total extraction yield for six lignans have reached (16.99 ± 0.33) x 103 mg/kg with a higher content of 6.88 ± 0.25% in the extracts. Comparative studies were explored by conducting other six extraction approaches including Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, smashing tissue extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction. Results showed MSPD technique not only improved the extraction yield, but also improved the purity of lignans, it can be generalized to more extraction of natural compounds. In addition, the validated HPLC-UV method had been successfully applied to analysis of lignans from 10 real S. chinensis samples.

Flavonoid constituents from the roots of Acanthopanax brachypus.

Two new natural products, (3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(2″-O-veratroyl-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methylchroman-4-one (1) and 4'-hydroxyisoflavone-7-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside] (2), along with eleven other known flavonoids, were isolated from the roots of Acanthopanax brachypus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

Chemical modification and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide from Acanthopanax leucorrhizus.

A water-soluble polysaccharide (ALP) from Acanthopanax leucorrhizus was chemically modified to obtain two sulfated derivatives (S-ALP1 and S-ALP2), two phosphorylated derivatives (P-ALP1 and P-ALP2) and two acetylated derivatives (A-ALP1 and A-ALP2) with different degree of substitution (DS). Their structures were characterized by chemical and spectral (IR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR) analysis, and in vitro antioxidant activity were evaluated by reducing power assay, DPPH• and HO• scavenging assay. The results obtained showed that the modifications were successful, although the molecular weight (Mw) of the ALP derivatives decreased due to slight degradation during the reaction. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of ALP changed by the chemical modifications, and the type of the substitution group and DS played a decisive role in the antioxidant activity of the derivatives. P-ALP and S-ALP with higher DS displayed stronger antioxidant abilities on scavenging DPPH• and HO•, ferric-reducing power compared with ALP, and exhibited a certain dose-effect relationship, whereas A-ALP were less effective. These results provide a scientific basis for the further studies and utilization of A. leucorrhizus polysaccharides.

Triterpenoid saponins from the stem bark of Acanthopanax brachypus HARMS.

Two new triterpenoid saponins, brachyposide A (1) {3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2beta,3beta,16alpha,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ester} and brachyposide B (2) {3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2beta,3beta,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester}, together with four known triterpenoid saponins, including tabguticoside A, nipponoside D, palmatoside E and ciwujianoside A(1), were isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax brachypus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from Acanthopanax brachypus.

The essential oils from the flowers, leaves, barks, roots and fruits of A. brachypus were individually extracted by hydrodistillation, and their chemical constituents were isolated and characterized by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 160 different constituents accounting for 86.45-96.54% of the total essential oils were identified, and 3 constituents were unidentified (< 0.8%), and significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed among the oils, in which the yields varied between 0.61-1.83 (mL/100 g dried materials) under the same operational conditions. The oils from flowers, leaves, barks and roots consisted mainly of monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as well as oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, while the fruit oil consisted mainly of fatty acids and esters. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils was evaluated against 11 microorganisms (9 for bacteria and 2 for yeast) using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The bacteria, including gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria, were more sensitive to the oils than yeasts.

[Study on chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Acanthopanax brachypus].

OBJECTIVE: The chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Acanthopanax brachypus were studied. METHODS: The essential oil was extracted from the stem of A. brachypus by steam distillation, and its antimicrobial activity was tested in vitro. The chemical constituents were separated and identified by GC-MS, and the relative contents of each constituent was determined by area normalization. RESULTS: The essential oil showed some certain antibacterial activities against the tested strains escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida albicans except aspergillus niger. Forty-seven constituents were separated and identified, accounting for 91.37% of the total oil. The main constituent were Heptanoic acid (7.05%), Vanillin (6.09%), trans-Linalool oxide (6.07%), 1-methyl-2-(-methylethyl)-Benaene (5.83%), alpha-Phellandrene (5.14%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (5.15%) and beta-Myrcene (5.07%). CONCLUSION: The essential oil of A. brachypus contained varied active constituent, has a certain antimicrobial activity, this result will provide some scientific references for the pharmacological further research of A. brachypus.

Signalling mechanism(s) of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells in tumour therapeutic resistance.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leads to tumour progression, including tumour metastasis, disease recurrence and therapy resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small group of cells that have the ability to undergo self-renewal and heterogeneous differentiation, which play a key role in the occurrence and development of cancer. EMT can promote tumour cells to develop stem cell characteristics, which makes tumours more difficult to treat. Therefore, exploring the role of EMT and CSCs in the metastasis of cancer is of great significance to guide tumour treatment and prognosis. In this review, we discuss EMT and CSCs in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, with a special focus on the common characteristics and relationships between these processes, to explore the crucial relationships in the development of improved anti-tumour therapies. AREAS COVERED: In this brief review article, the author has searched PubMed and Wikipedia for original research and reviewed articles to gather current information on the association of CSCs and EMT with therapeutic resistance characteristics, cancer growth and metastasis, which are believed to be regulated by the TGF-ß, Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh), ß-catenin, STAT3, Notch, and Nanog signalling pathways and other factors (miRNAs, microenvironment and additional cytokines).

Isolation, modification and cytotoxic evaluation of stilbenoids from Acanthopanax leucorrhizus.

Twenty natural stilbenoids (1-20), including seven new stilbenoids (2, 4-7, 19, 20) and thirteen known stilbenoids (1, 3, 8-18), were isolated from the stem barks of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus, and six modified stilbenoid derivatives (1a, 2a, 4a, 4b, 7a and 17a) were obtained via methylation, demethylation and isopentenylation of the corresponding isolates (1, 2, 4, 7 and 17). These stilbenoids were structurally characterized by comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic data and comparison with literature information, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines (leukemia HL-60, hepatoma SMMC-7721 and breast carcinoma MCF-7) in vitro by MTT assay. The results showed that compounds 1a, 4a and 4b showed potent selective cytotoxicity against SMMC-7721 (IC50=10.16±1.95µM and 9.76±1.32µM) and MCF-7 (IC50=10.72±2.78µM) cell lines. The cytotoxic evaluation of these structurally modified stilbenoid derivatives have led to the establishment of a structure-activity relationship.

Isolation, purification, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from the stem barks of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus.

A novel water-soluble polysaccharide (named ALP-1) was successfully isolated from the stem barks of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus by hot-water extraction, and further purified by Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The structure of ALP-1 was characterized by HPLC, HPGPC, partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation, together with UV, IR and NMR spectral analysis. The antioxidant activities also were evaluated in vitro. Structural analysis revealed that ALP-1 was a homogeneous galactan with the average molecular weight of 169 kDa, composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 6.1:2.1:1.1:1.0, owning a backbone structure of 1,6-linked α-d-Galp residues with some branches of α-d-Manp-(1 → 3)-α-l-Araf residues at O-3 and α-d-Galp residues at O-4 of 1,6-linked α-d-Galp. Antioxidant assay showed that ALP-1 exhibited strong DPPH and HO scavenging activities, as well as ferric-reducing antioxidant power. These results provide a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from A. leucorrhizus.