RESUMO
HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have been intensively studied for their roles and potential as drug targets in T-cell lymphomas and other hematologic malignancies. Bisthianostat is a novel bisthiazole-based pan-HDACi evolved from natural HDACi largazole. Here, we report the preclinical study of bisthianostat alone and in combination with bortezomib in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), as well as preliminary first-in-human findings from an ongoing phase 1a study. Bisthianostat dose dependently induced acetylation of tubulin and H3 and increased PARP cleavage and apoptosis in RPMI-8226 cells. In RPMI-8226 and MM.1S cell xenograft mouse models, oral administration of bisthianostat (50, 75, 100 mg·kg-1·d-1, bid) for 18 days dose dependently inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, bisthianostat in combination with bortezomib displayed synergistic antitumor effect against RPMI-8226 and MM.1S cell in vitro and in vivo. Preclinical pharmacokinetic study showed bisthianostat was quickly absorbed with moderate oral bioavailability (F% = 16.9%-35.5%). Bisthianostat tended to distribute in blood with Vss value of 0.31 L/kg. This distribution parameter might be beneficial to treat hematologic neoplasms such as MM with few side effects. In an ongoing phase 1a study, bisthianostat treatment was well tolerated and no grade 3/4 nonhematological adverse events (AEs) had occurred together with good pharmacokinetics profiles in eight patients with relapsed or refractory MM (R/R MM). The overall single-agent efficacy was modest, stable disease (SD) was identified in four (50%) patients at the end of first dosing cycle (day 28). These preliminary in-patient results suggest that bisthianostat is a promising HDACi drug with a comparable safety window in R/R MM, supporting for its further phase 1b clinical trial in combination with traditional MM therapies.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Mieloma Múltiplo , Acetilação , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Bortezomib/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologiaRESUMO
Checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitors (CHK1i) have shown impressive single-agent efficacy in treatment of certain tumors, as monotherapy or potentiators of chemotherapy in clinical trials, but the sensitive tumor types and downstream effectors to dictate the therapeutic responses to CHK1i remains unclear. In this study we first analyzed GDSC (Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer) and DepMap database and disclosed that hematologic malignancies (HMs) were relatively sensitive to CHK1i or CHK1 knockdown. This notion was confirmed by examining PY34, a new and potent in-house selective CHK1i, which exhibited potent anti-HM effect in vitro and in vivo, as single agent. We demonstrated that the downregulation of c-Myc and its signaling pathway was the common transcriptomic profiling response of sensitive HM cell lines to PY34, whereas overexpressing c-Myc could partially rescue the anticancer effect of PY34. Strikingly, we revealed the significant correlations between downregulation of c-Myc and cell sensitivity to PY34 in 17 HM cell lines and 39 patient-derived cell (PDC) samples. Thus, our results demonstrate that HMs are more sensitive to CHK1i than solid tumors, and c-Myc downregulation could represent the CHK1i efficacy in HMs.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/deficiência , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos SCID , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most widespread type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). As the most aggressive form of the DLBCL, the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype is often resistant to standard chemotherapies. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib provides a potential therapeutic approach for the DLBCL but fails to improve the outcome in the phase III trial. In the current study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ibrutinib resistance and explored new combination therapy with ibrutinib. We generated an ibrutinib-resistant ABC-DLBCL cell line (OCI-ly10-IR) through continuous exposure to ibrutinib. Transcriptome analysis of the parental and ibrutinib-resistant cell lines revealed that the ibrutinib-resistant cells had significantly lower expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) marker genes. Overexpression of one UPR branch-XBP1s greatly potentiated ibrutinib-induced apoptosis in both sensitive and resistant cells. The UPR inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) partially reduced the apoptotic rate induced by the ibrutinib in sensitive cells. The UPR activator 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) in combination with the ibrutinib triggered even greater cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, and stronger calcium (Ca2+) flux inhibition than either of the agents alone. A combination treatment of ibrutinib (15 mg·kg-1·d-1, po.) and 2-DG (500 mg/kg, po, b.i.d.) synergistically retarded tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice bearing OCI-ly10-IR xenograft. In addition, ibrutinib induced the UPR in the sensitive cell lines but not in the resistant cell lines of the DLBCL. There was also a combined synergistic effect in the primary resistant DLBCL cell lines. Overall, our results suggest that targeting the UPR could be a potential combination strategy to overcome ibrutinib resistance in the DLBCL.
Assuntos
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Resposta a Proteínas não Dobradas/efeitos dos fármacos , Adenina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Desoxiglucose/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/fisiologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/fisiopatologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Resposta a Proteínas não Dobradas/fisiologia , Proteína 1 de Ligação a X-Box/genética , Proteína 1 de Ligação a X-Box/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm can modulate normal activity of humans in adapting to daily environment changes. Mechanical stress loading affects skeletal muscle development and bio-functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical stress loading on circadian rhythm in skeletal muscle (C2C12 cells) and to explore the associated mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS C2C12 myoblasts were cultured and treated with mechanical stress loading. After mechanical stress loading for 6 h,12 h, and 24 h, we observed the C2C12 myoblasts and determined gene transcription and protein expression of Clock genes, including Clock, Bmal1, Per, and Cry using RT-PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS Mechanical stress loading triggered C2C12 cells growing by force direction and enhanced the cell proliferation at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Gene transcription and protein expression of the core Clock-associated molecules, Clock and Bmal1, increased from start of loading to 12 h, and decreased from 12 h to 24 h. Gene transcription and protein expression of core Clock-associated molecules, Cry and Per, decreased in the first 12 h (from 6 h to 12 h) and increased in the last 12 h (from 12 h to 24 h). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that mechanical stress loading affected circadian rhythm in skeletal muscle (C2C12 myoblasts) through reducing Per/Cry and enhancing Clock/Bmal1 gene expression. This study provides insights for investigating circadian rhythm and associated bio-functions of humans.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL/metabolismo , Ritmo Circadiano , Criptocromos/metabolismo , Mioblastos/metabolismo , Proteínas Circadianas Period/metabolismo , Estresse Mecânico , Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL/genética , Animais , Proteínas CLOCK/genética , Proteínas CLOCK/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células , Criptocromos/genética , Camundongos , Mioblastos/fisiologia , Proteínas Circadianas Period/genéticaRESUMO
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR) plays a crucial role in regulating the cellular DNA-damage response (DDR), making it a promising target for antitumor drug development through synthetic lethality. In this study, we present the discovery and detailed characterization of AD1058, a highly potent and selective ATR inhibitor, with good preclinical pharmacokinetic profiles. AD1058 exhibits superior efficacy in inhibiting cell proliferation, disrupting the cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis compared to AZD6738. AD1058 displays potent antitumor effects as a single agent or in combination with clinically approved tumor therapies such as PARP inhibitors, ionizing radiotherapy, or chemotherapy in vivo. Considering its enhanced ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier, AD1058 is a promising clinical candidate for the treatment of brain metastases and leptomeningeal metastases in solid tumors. Additionally, among reported ATR inhibitors, AD1058 features the shortest synthesis route and the highest efficiency to date.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia , Proliferação de Células , Humanos , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Descoberta de Drogas , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ratos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Masculino , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Camundongos Nus , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Feminino , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismoRESUMO
FLT3 inhibitors as single agents have limited effects because of acquired and adaptive resistance and the cardiotoxicity related to human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel blockade further impedes safe drugs to the market. Inhibitors having potential to overcome resistance and reduce hERG affinity are highly demanded. Here, we reported a dual FLT3/CHK1 inhibitor 18, which displayed potencies to overcome varying acquired resistance in BaF3 cells with FLT3-TKD and FLT3-ITD-TKD mutations. Moreover, 18 displayed high selectivity over c-KIT more than 1700-fold and greatly reduced hERG affinity, with an IC50 value of 58.4 µM. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated 18 can upregulate p53 and abolish the outgrowth of adaptive resistant cells. In the in vivo studies, 18 demonstrated favorable PK profiles and good safety, suppressed the tumor growth in the MV-4-11 cell inoculated mouse xenograft model, and prolonged the survival in the Molm-13 transplantation model, supporting its further development.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genética , Mutação , Apoptose , Antineoplásicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
MDM2 and MDM4 cooperatively and negatively regulate p53, while this pathway is often hijacked by cancer cells in favor of their survival. Blocking MDM2/p53 interaction with small-molecule inhibitors liberates p53 from MDM2 mediated degradation, which is an attractive strategy for drug discovery. We reported herein structure-based discovery of highly potent spiroindoline-containing MDM2 inhibitor (-)60 (JN122), which also exhibited moderate activities against MDM4/p53 interactions. In a panel of cancer cell lines harboring wild type p53, (-)60 efficiently promoted activation of p53 and its target genes, inhibited cell cycle progression, and induced cell apoptosis. Interestingly, (-)60 also promoted degradation of MDM4. More importantly, (-)60 exhibited good PK properties and exerted robust antitumor efficacies in a systemic mouse xenograft model of MOLM-13. Taken together, our study showcases a class of potent MDM2 inhibitors featuring a novel spiro-indoline scaffold, which is promising for future development targeting cancer cells with wild-type p53.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismoRESUMO
FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) are widely used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but adaptive and acquired resistance remains a primary challenge. Inhibitors simultaneously blocking adaptive and acquired resistance are highly demanded. Here, we observed the potential of CHK1 inhibitors to synergistically improve the therapeutic effect of FLT3i in FLT3-mutated AML cells. Notably, the combination overcame adaptive resistance. The simultaneous targeting of FLT3 and CHK1 kinases may overcome acquired and adaptive resistance. A dual FLT3/CHK1 inhibitor 30 with a good oral PK profile was identified. Mechanistic studies indicated that 30 inhibited FLT3 and CHK1, downregulated the c-Myc pathway and further activated the p53 pathway. Functional studies showed that 30 was more selective against cells with various FLT3 mutants, overcame adaptive resistance in vitro, and effectively inhibited resistant FLT3-ITD AML in vivo. Moreover, 30 showed favorable druggability without significant blood toxicity or myelosuppression and exhibited a good oral PK profile with a T1/2 over 12 h in beagles. These findings support the targeting of FLT3 and CHK1 as a novel strategy for overcoming adaptive and acquired resistance to FLT3i therapy in AML and suggest 30 as a potential clinical candidate.
Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genética , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Mutação , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The outcomes of FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have been improved since the approval of FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i). However, approximately 30-50% of patients exhibit primary resistance (PR) to FLT3i with poorly defined mechanisms, posing a pressing clinical unmet need. Here, we identify C/EBPα activation as a top PR feature by analyzing data from primary AML patient samples in Vizome. C/EBPα activation limit FLT3i efficacy, while its inactivation synergistically enhances FLT3i action in cellular and female animal models. We then perform an in silico screen and identify that guanfacine, an antihypertensive medication, mimics C/EBPα inactivation. Furthermore, guanfacine exerts a synergistic effect with FLT3i in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we ascertain the role of C/EBPα activation in PR in an independent cohort of FLT3-ITD patients. These findings highlight C/EBPα activation as a targetable PR mechanism and support clinical studies aimed at testing the combination of guanfacine with FLT3i in overcoming PR and enhancing the efficacy of FLT3i therapy.
Assuntos
Guanfacina , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Animais , Feminino , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms , Guanfacina/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Mutação , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteína alfa Estimuladora de Ligação a CCAAT/metabolismoRESUMO
Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has received widespread attention in recent years as a promising strategy for drug development. Herein, we report a series of novel Wee1 degraders, which were designed and synthesized based on PROTAC technology by linking AZD1775 with CRBN ligands through linkers of different lengths and types. All degraders could effectively and completely degrade cellular Wee1 protein in MV-4-11 cell line at IC50 concentrations. Preliminary assessments identified 42a as the most active degrader, which possessed potent antiproliferative activity and induced CRBN- and proteasome-dependent degradation of Wee1. Moreover, 42a also exhibited a time- and concentration-dependent depletion manner and inducing cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and cancer cell apoptosis. More importantly, 42a showed acceptable in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and displayed rapid and sustained Wee1 degradation ability in vivo. Taken together, these findings contribute to understanding the development of PROTACs and demonstrate that our Wee1-targeting PROTAC strategy has potential novel applications in cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases , Proteólise , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Herein, we report two promising compounds 30 and 36 possessing nanomolar FLT3 inhibitory activities (IC50 = 1.5-7.2 nM), high selectivity over c-KIT (>1000-fold), and excellent anti-AML activity (MV4-11 IC50 = 0.8-3.2 nM). Furthermore, these two compounds efficiently inhibited the growth of multiple mutant BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-ITD, FLT3-D835V/F, FLT3-F691L, FLT3-ITD-F691L, and FLT3-ITD-D835Y. Oral administration of 30 and 36 at 6 mg/kg/d could significantly suppress tumor growth in the MV4-11 cell-inoculated xenograft model, exhibiting tumor growth inhibitory rates of 83.5% and 95.1%, respectively. Importantly, 36 could prolong the mouse survival time in the FLT3-ITD-TKD dual mutation syngeneic mouse model (BaF3-FLT3-ITD-D835Y) at a dose of 6 mg/kg p.o. bid/4W. No clear myelosuppression was observed in the treated group of 36 in the MPO strain of zebrafish, even at 10 µM. In summary, our data demonstrated that 36 may represent a promising candidate for the treatment of FLT3 mutant AML.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doenças Desmielinizantes/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/toxicidade , Pirimidinas/toxicidade , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Especificidade por Substrato , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been widely acknowledged, but has not yet been elucidated. The potential roles and clinical relevance of CAFs subclusters in HNSCC progression remain obscure. METHODS: In this study, we combined single-cell and bulk tissue transcriptome profiles of HNSCC with clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The Seurat package was used to perform single-cell RNA-seq analysis to distinguish distinct CAFs subtypes. Prognostic relevance of several CAFs markers was assessed and functional analysis was also performed. RESULTS: We identified eight CAFs subclusters; of these, seven showed enhanced expression levels in HNSCC tumor tissues compared to normal tissue, and three (clusters 0, 3, and 4) were associated with poorer overall survival. Further functional analysis revealed that cluster 0 was characterized by myofibroblasts with high alpha smooth muscle actin (aSMA) expression and enrichment in smooth muscle contraction. The cluster 3 exhibited expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and was enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene sets. Cluster 4 expressed high levels of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II family, which was characterized as antigen-presenting CAFs. CONCLUSIONS: We determined CAFs heterogeneity in HNSCC. 8 CAFs subclusters were recognized and 3 of which were prognosis related. The 3 CAFs subclusters showed distinct phenotypes enriched in myofibroblast function, ECM remodeling and antigen-presenting function respectively.
RESUMO
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays an important role in the DNA damage response pathway, being a potential anti-cancer drug target. In this study, we used a strategy for trifluoromethyl substitution to obtain orally bioavailable CHK1 inhibitors to overcome the limitations of lead compound 1, which can only be administered intravenously. After detailed investigation, we identified compound 6c as an oral CHK1 inhibitor, which demonstrated a considerably higher plasma exposure in mice. Compound 6c also showed good kinase selectivity. Moreover, it exhibited a significant antiproliferative effect in MV-4-11 cells singly and a synergistic effect in combination with gemcitabine in HT-29, A549, and RPMI-8226 cells. Additionally, compound 6c could inhibit tumor growth in the MV-4-11 xenograft mouse model. The combination of 6c and gemcitabine exhibited synergistic effect in the HT-29 xenograft mouse model. Thus, compound 6c was found to be a selective and oral potential anticancer CHK1 inhibitor.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/antagonistas & inibidores , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/química , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
CDK9 is an essential drug target correlated to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Starting from the hit compound 10, which was discovered through a screening of our in-house compound library, the structural modifications were carried out based on the bioisosterism and scaffold hopping strategies. Consequently, compound 37 displayed the optimal CDK9 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.41 nM, which was nearly 1500-fold higher than compound 10. In addition, compound 37 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity in broad cancer cell lines. Further investigation of in vivo properties demonstrated that compound 37 could be orally administrated with an acceptable bioavailability (F = 33.7%). In MV-4-11 subcutaneous xenograft mouse model, compound 37 (7.5 mg/kg) could significantly suppress the tumor progression with a T/C value of 27.80%. Compound 37 represents a promising lead compound for the development of a novel class of CDK9 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Desenho de Fármacos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
SHP2, a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase, plays a pivotal role in numerous oncogenic cell-signaling cascades like RAS-ERK, PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT. On the other hand, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a promising strategy for the degradation of disease-related protein of interest (POI). SHP2 degradation via the PROTAC strategy will provide an alternative startegy for SHP2-mediated cancer therapy. Herein we described the design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of thalidomide-based heterobifunctional molecules and identified 11(ZB-S-29) as the highly efficient SHP2 degrader with a DC50 of 6.02 nM. Further mechanism investigation illustrated that 11 came into function through targeted SHP2 protein degradation.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 11/antagonistas & inibidores , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Talidomida/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 11/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/síntese química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Talidomida/síntese química , Talidomida/química , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways in cancer cells have been demonstrated as important therapeutic targets such as the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). A series of macrocyclic derivatives was designed based on the marketed IDH2 inhibitor AG-221 by using the conformational restriction strategy. The resulted compounds showed moderate to good inhibitory potential against different IDH2-mutant enzymes. Amongst, compound C6 exhibited better IDH2R140Q inhibitory potency than AG-221, and showed excellent activity of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) suppression in vitro and its mesylate displayed good pharmacokinetic profiles. Moreover, C6 performed strong binding mode to IDH2R140Q after computational docking and dynamic simulation, which may serve as a good starting point for further development.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Compostos Macrocíclicos/química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/farmacologia , Mutação , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/química , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Compostos Macrocíclicos/síntese química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Conformação ProteicaRESUMO
A series of pyrazole-thiophene derivatives exhibiting good Akt inhibitory activities were obtained on the basis of conformational restriction strategy, leading to the discovery of compound 1d and 1o which showed excellent in vitro antitumor effect against a variety of hematologic cancer cells and their potential of inducing apoptosis, blocking the cell cycles at S phase and significantly inhibiting the phosphorylation of downstream biomarkers of Akt kinase of cancer cells. Amongst, compound 1o also exhibited good PK profiles and inhibited about 40% tumor growth in MM1S xenograft model. Compound 1o might be a potential candidate for further development.
Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Microssomos Hepáticos/química , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiofenos/administração & dosagem , Tiofenos/química , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Through virtual screening, we identified the lead compound MCL1020, which exhibited modest CHK1 inhibitory activity. Then a series of 5-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)picolinonitrile derivatives as CHK1 inhibitors were discovered by further rational optimization. One promising molecule, (R)-17, whose potency was one of the best, had an IC50 of 0.4â¯nM with remarkable selectivity (>4300-fold CHK1 vs. CHK2). Compound (R)-17 effectively inhibited the growth of malignant hematopathy cell lines especially Z-138 (IC50: 0.013⯵M) and displayed low affinity for hERG (IC50â¯>â¯40⯵M). Moreover, (R)-17 significantly suppressed the tumor growth in Z-138â¯cell inoculated xenograft model (20â¯mg/kg I.V., TGIâ¯=â¯90.29%) as a single agent with body weight unaffected. Taken together, our data demonstrated compound (R)-17 could be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Assuntos
Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The potential of specific proteasome inhibitors to act as anti-cancer agents has attracted intensive investigations. The proteasome can be covalently inhibited by epoxyketone derivatives via a two-step reaction. Several computational approaches have been developed to mimic the covalent binding event. Compound 1 composed of a six-membered heterocyclic ring was designed by using covalent docking. With a possible different binding mode from the clinical compound Carfilzomib, it occupied the S5 pocket of 20S proteasome and showed favorable inhibitory activity. Subsequently optimization and evaluation were taken place. Among these compounds, 11h demonstrated extraordinary in vitro inhibitory activity and selectivity, and good in vivo proteasome inhibitory activity, a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and xenograft tumor inhibition. The possible binding pattern of compound 11h against proteasome was further fully explored via calculations, providing a theoretical basis for finding potent proteasome inhibitors.
Assuntos
Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Cetonas/farmacologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Inibidores de Proteassoma/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Sítios de Ligação , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Cetonas/química , Modelos Moleculares , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/química , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismoRESUMO
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates metabolic energy and mediates non-shivering thermogenesis, thereby boosting energy expenditure. Increasing BAT mass and activity is expected to be a promising strategy for combating obesity; however, few medications effectively and safely recruit and activate BAT in humans. Berberine (BBR), a natural compound, is commonly used as a nonprescription drug to treat diarrhea. Here, we reported that 1-month BBR intervention increased BAT mass and activity, reduced body weight, and improved insulin sensitivity in mildly overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chronic BBR treatment promoted BAT development by stimulating the expression of brown adipogenic genes, enhanced BAT thermogenesis, and global energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice and chow-fed lean mice, Consistently, BBR facilitated brown adipocyte differentiation in both mouse and human primary brown preadipocytes. We further found that BBR increased the transcription of PRDM16, a master regulator of brown/beige adipogenesis, by inducing the active DNA demethylation of PRDM16 promoter, which might be driven by the activation of AMPK and production of its downstream tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-Ketoglutarate. Moreover, chronic BBR administration had no impact on the BAT thermogenesis in adipose-specific AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 knockout mice. In summary, we found that BBR intervention promoted recruitment and activation of BAT and AMPK-PRDM16 axis was indispensable for the pro-BAT and pro-energy expenditure properties of BBR. Our findings suggest that BBR may be a promising drug for obesity and related metabolic disorders in humans partially through activating BAT.