RESUMO
Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are often contaminated with artifacts. It is imperative to develop a practical and reliable artifact removal method to prevent the misinterpretation of neural signals and the underperformance of brain-computer interfaces. Based on the U-Net architecture, we developed a new artifact removal model, IC-U-Net, for removing pervasive EEG artifacts and reconstructing brain signals. IC-U-Net was trained using mixtures of brain and non-brain components decomposed by independent component analysis. It uses an ensemble of loss functions to model complex signal fluctuations in EEG recordings. The effectiveness of the proposed method in recovering brain activities and removing various artifacts (e.g., eye blinks/movements, muscle activities, and line/channel noise) was demonstrated in a simulation study and four real-world EEG experiments. IC-U-Net can reconstruct a multi-channel EEG signal and is applicable to most artifact types, offering a promising end-to-end solution for automatically removing artifacts from EEG recordings. It also meets the increasing need to image natural brain dynamics in a mobile setting. The code and pre-trained IC-U-Net model are available at https://github.com/roseDwayane/AIEEG.
Assuntos
Artefatos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Humanos , Movimentos Oculares , Piscadela , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , AlgoritmosRESUMO
Without well recognizing the vascular territories of the perforator, surgery might damage the pedicle and diminish flap survival. This study described a transillumination method for intraoperative mapping of the subfascial plexus of the perforator in the head and neck reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap and also compared the perioperative outcomes and complications of the method with those of the conventional two-pedicle ALT flap. Between January 2011 and December 2017, 26 patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction with ALT flaps were evaluated as follows: 13 underwent the transillumination method (case group), and 13 (age- and sex-matched) underwent standard two-pedicle flap procedures (control group). Demographic factors, diagnosis, flap size, recipient site, perioperative data, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. There was no significant difference in age, sex, diagnosis, recipient sites, and flap size between the case and control groups. Regarding the perioperative outcomes, the harvesting time was significantly shorter in the case group than in the control group (60 vs. 100 minutes, p < 0.001). The operative time was shorter in the case group than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (300 vs. 420 minutes, p = 0.058). The transillumination method can allow plastic surgeons to easily identify the perforator vascular plexus of the ALT flap, which facilitates intraoperative flap design in head and neck reconstruction.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgia , Retalho Perfurante/irrigação sanguínea , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Transplante de Pele/métodos , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Transiluminação , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Pele/efeitos adversos , Ferida Cirúrgica/cirurgia , Coxa da PernaAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Reto/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Idoso , Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Humanos , Masculino , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Reto/diagnóstico por imagem , Sigmoidoscopia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ressecção Transuretral da PróstataAssuntos
Gangrena de Fournier/patologia , Períneo/patologia , Escroto/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Gangrena de Fournier/etiologia , Gangrena de Fournier/terapia , Humanos , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Períneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Escroto/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancers (CRCs). METHODOLOGY: From January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2010, 5898 patients who underwent surgical resection for CRCs were enrolled. Synchronous CRC was defined as presence of more than one primary CRC within 6 months of resection of the primary tumor; while CRC that occurred at least 6 months later was regarded as metachronous CRC. RESULTS: 5346 patients were eligible for the study and divided into three groups: solitary, synchronous and metachronous CRC. The overall prevalence of the synchronous CRC was 2.2% and the 10-year cumulative incidence of metachronous cancer was 0.84%. 29 (64%) metachronous cancers were diagnosed within 3 years of the index cancer and the mean time interval was 3.2 years. Male gender and presence of associated adenoma were significant risk factors for both synchronous and metachronous CRC. Synchronous and metachronous CRC patients shared similar clinicopathological features except that the former were older than the latter by 3.7 years. The five-year survival rates were not different among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that synchronous and metachronous CRC might represent similar disease entity with different courses.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenoma/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/mortalidade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancers (CRCs). METHODOLOGY: From January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2010, 5898 patients who underwent surgical resection for CRCs were enrolled. Synchronous CRC was defined as presence of more than one primary CRC within 6 months of resection of the primary tumor; while CRC that occurred at least 6 months later was regarded as metachronous CRC. RESULTS: 5346 patients were eligible for the study and divided into three groups: solitary, synchronous and metachronous CRC. The overall prevalence of the synchronous CRC was 2.2% and the 10-year cumulative incidence of metachronous cancer was 0.84%. 29 (64%) metachronous cancers were diagnosed within 3 years of the index cancer and the mean time interval was 3.2 years. Male gender and presence of associated adenoma were significant risk factors for both synchronous and metachronous CRC. Synchronous and metachronous CRC patients shared similar clinicopathological features except that the former were older than the latter by 3.7 years. The five-year survival rates were not different among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that synchronous and metachronous CRC might represent similar disease entity with different courses.
Assuntos
Adenoma/patologia , Carcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Adenoma/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/mortalidade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taiwan , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can increase serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. We thus aimed to evaluate the impact of CKD on CEA prognostic accuracy in colorectal cancer. METHODS: Altogether, 429 patients who underwent curative resection for stages I-III colorectal adenocarcinoma were grouped according to postoperative CEA levels and history of CKD. RESULTS: Three-year disease-free survival (DFS) was higher in patients with normal postoperative CEA (group A, 83.4%) than in those with elevated postoperative CEA (group B, 64.3%) (p < 0.001). CKD patients had higher postoperative CEA levels than non-CKD patients (odds ratio 3.27, 95% confidence interval 1.78-5.99, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, postoperative CEA level was an independent prognostic factor for DFS in non-CKD, but not CKD, patients. CONCLUSIONS: CKD can increase postoperative CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients. Elevated postoperative CEA levels were associated with shorter DFS in non-CKD, but not CKD, patients.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/sangue , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Head trauma patients may have concomitant facial fractures, which are usually underdetected by head computed tomography alone. This study aimed to identify the clinical indicators of facial fractures and to develop a risk-prediction model to guide the discriminative use of additional facial computed tomography in head trauma. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed head trauma patients undergoing simultaneous head and facial computed tomography at a Level II trauma center from 2015 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent risk factors for concomitant facial fractures in head trauma patients using data collected from 2015 to 2017, and a risk-prediction model was created accordingly. Model performance was validated with data from 2018. RESULTS: In total, 5045 blunt head trauma patients (development cohort, 3534 patients, 2015 to 2017; validation cohort, 1511 patients, 2018) were enrolled. Concomitant facial fractures occurred in 723 head trauma patients (14.3 percent). Ten clinical and head computed tomographic variables were identified as predictors, including age, male sex, falls from elevation, motorcycle collisions, Glasgow Coma Scale scores less than 14, epistaxis, tooth rupture, facial lesions, intracranial hemorrhage, and skull fracture. In the development cohort, the model showed good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.891), calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow C test, p = 0.691), and precision (Brier score = 0.066). In the validation cohort, the model demonstrated excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.907), good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow C test, p = 0.652), and good precision (Brier score = 0.083). With this model, 77.1 percent of unnecessary facial computed tomography could be avoided. CONCLUSION: This model could guide the discriminative use of additional facial computed tomography to detect concomitant facial fractures in blunt head trauma. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
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Face/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Faciais/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Cranianos Fechados/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Traumatismos Faciais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Faciais/etiologia , Feminino , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Traumatismos Cranianos Fechados/diagnóstico , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: d-glutamate, which is involved in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulation, may be associated with cognitive ageing. AIMS: This study aimed to use peripheral plasma d-glutamate levels to differentiate patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) from healthy individuals and to evaluate its prediction ability using machine learning. METHODS: Overall, 31 healthy controls, 21 patients with MCI and 133 patients with AD were recruited. Serum d-glutamate levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cognitive deficit severity was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). We employed four machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest and naïve Bayes) to build an optimal predictive model to distinguish patients with MCI or AD from healthy controls. RESULTS: The MCI and AD groups had lower plasma d-glutamate levels (1097.79 ± 283.99 and 785.10 ± 720.06 ng/mL, respectively) compared to healthy controls (1620.08 ± 548.80 ng/mL). The naïve Bayes model and random forest model appeared to be the best models for determining MCI and AD susceptibility, respectively (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.8207 and 0.7900; sensitivity: 0.8438 and 0.6997; and specificity: 0.8158 and 0.9188, respectively). The total MMSE score was positively correlated with d-glutamate levels (r = 0.368, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that d-glutamate levels were significantly associated with the total MMSE score (B = 0.003, 95% confidence interval 0.002-0.005, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral plasma d-glutamate levels were associated with cognitive impairment and may therefore be a suitable peripheral biomarker for detecting MCI and AD. Rapid and cost-effective HPLC for biomarkers and machine learning algorithms may assist physicians in diagnosing MCI and AD in outpatient clinics.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Ácido Glutâmico/sangue , Aprendizado de Máquina , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Algoritmos , Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Disfunção Cognitiva/sangue , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Li-CO2 batteries have recently attracted attention as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices due to their extremely high theoretical energy density. The real application of Li-CO2 cells involves addressing several drawbacks, including high charging potential, poor coulombic efficiency, and low rechargeability. Molybdenum disulfide supported on carbon nanotubes (MoS2/CNT) with various ratios functioned as a cathode catalyst for Li-CO2 batteries. The optimal MoS2/CNT composite achieved a maximum discharge capacity of 8551 mAh g-1 with a coulombic efficiency of 96.7%. This hybrid also obtained an initial charging plateau of 3.87 V at a current density of 100 mA g-1 with a cutoff capacity of 500 mAh g-1. It provided ideal electrochemical stability of 142 cycles at the current densities of 100 mA g-1, which was comparable with that of some precious metal catalysts. This optimized MoS2/CNT was also cycled at 200 and 400 mA g-1 for 112 and 55 times, respectively. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the sulfided Mo-edge (s-Mo-edge) on MoS2 materials showed appropriate adsorption strengths of Li, CO2, and Li2CO3. Moreover, joint results of Raman profiles and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra elucidated that the catalytic efficiencies of MoS2/CNT hybrids were proportional to the quantities of exposed s-Mo-edge active sites.
RESUMO
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels can help predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Accordingly, high preoperative CEA levels that is not restored after surgery are indicative of a worse outcome. On the other hand, smoking can increase serum CEA levels independently of the disease status. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of smoking on the prognostic value of serum CEA levels. This retrospective cohort study included 273 patients who underwent curative resection for stage I-III colorectal adenocarcinoma at a single institution, between January 2010 and December 2017. Patients were grouped as follows: group A, normal preoperative and postoperative CEA levels (n = 152); group B, elevated preoperative CEA levels that returned to reference values after surgery (n = 69); and group C, elevated postoperative serum CEA levels (n = 52). Patients were also grouped according to their smoking history: group S (current smokers, n = 79) and group NS (never and former smokers, n = 194). Group A showed a higher 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate (84.9%) than groups B (75.4%) and C (62.0%) (p < 0.001). Postoperative serum CEA levels were significantly higher in the S group than in the NS group (2.6 vs. 3.1 ng/mL, p = 0.009), whereas preoperative levels were similar (3.8 vs. 4.1, p = 0.182). Further, smokers showed higher 3 year-DFS rates than nonsmokers in group C (83.3% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.029). This suggests that while elevated postoperative CEA levels are associated with lower DFS rates in never and former smokers, they are not associated with lower DFS rates in current smokers. We conclude that persistent smoking alters the prognostic value of postoperative serum CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients and that, consequently, alternative surveillance strategies need to be developed for colon cancer patients with smoking habits.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Fumar Tabaco/sangue , Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most clinical guidelines recommend measuring postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer. However, type II diabetes can increase serum CEA levels which may bias the prognosis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of type II diabetes on CEA prognostic accuracy in colorectal cancer. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 407 patients who underwent curative resection for stage I to III colorectal adenocarcinoma in a single institution between January 2010 and June 2018. The patients were categorized into two groups according to their postoperative serum CEA levels: group A <5.0 ng/mL (n = 341) and group B ≥5.0 ng/mL (n = 66). Patients were also categorized into two subgroups according to their history of type II diabetes: patients with type II diabetes mellitus (n = 112) and patients without type II diabetes (n = 295). RESULTS: The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were significantly higher in patients with normal postoperative CEA (group A, 83.8%) than in patients with elevated preoperative and postoperative CEA (group B, 63.6%) (p < 0.001). However, although patients with type II diabetes mellitus had higher postoperative CEA levels than those without type II diabetes mellitus (3.1 vs 2.5 ng/mL, p < 0.001), group B patients with type II diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher 3-year DFS rate than those without type II diabetes mellitus (80.0% vs 55.6%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Type II diabetes was associated with higher preoperative and postoperative CEA levels in patients with colorectal cancer. Consequently, elevated postoperative CEA level was not associated with shorter 3-year DFS in patients with type II diabetes, as opposed to patients without type II diabetes. Therefore, colorectal cancer patients with type II diabetes may need alternative tumor markers to be used during the surveillance strategy after curative surgery.
Assuntos
Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are usually contaminated with various artifacts, such as signal associated with muscle activity, eye movement, and body motion, which have a noncerebral origin. The amplitude of such artifacts is larger than that of the electrical activity of the brain, so they mask the cortical signals of interest, resulting in biased analysis and interpretation. Several blind source separation methods have been developed to remove artifacts from the EEG recordings. However, the iterative process for measuring separation within multichannel recordings is computationally intractable. Moreover, manually excluding the artifact components requires a time-consuming offline process. This work proposes a real-time artifact removal algorithm that is based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA), feature extraction, and the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to improve the quality of EEG signals. The CCA was used to decompose EEG signals into components followed by feature extraction to extract representative features and GMM to cluster these features into groups to recognize and remove artifacts. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm was demonstrated by effectively removing artifacts caused by blinks, head/body movement, and chewing from EEG recordings while preserving the temporal and spectral characteristics of the signals that are important to cognitive research.
Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Adolescente , Adulto , Algoritmos , Artefatos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição Normal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The endoscopic technique has been utilized to harvest muscle flaps and detect perforators of fasciocutaneous flaps. This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes between the endoscope-assisted technique and handheld acoustic Doppler for perforator identification in fasciocutaneous flaps.This retrospective case-control study included patients who underwent fasciocutaneous flap reconstruction for traumatic soft tissue defects. In the case group, perforator identification was assisted by the endoscope-assisted technique. In the control group, age- and sex-matched patients received handheld acoustic Doppler to detect perforators. Perioperative outcomes, flap characteristics, and postoperative complications were compared.There were 12 patients in the case group and 12 in the control group. Compared with the control group, the case group had a significantly shorter length of donor-site wounds (9âcm vs 12âcm, Pâ=â.023) and a significantly smaller proportion of patients receiving skin grafting at the donor sites (0% vs 41.7%, Pâ=â.037). The case group had a longer operative time, but the difference was not statistically significant (180âminutes vs 150âminutes, Pâ=â.367). The amount of blood loss, the time length of postoperative drainage, and complications did not significantly differ between the 2 groups.The endoscope-assisted technique for perforator identification of fasciocutaneous flaps provided less donor-site morbidity and a significantly shorter length of donor-site wounds than the conventional handheld acoustic Doppler, which suggests that this technique could be a valuable alternative when a precise design is indicated.
Assuntos
Endoscopia/métodos , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico/transplante , Transplante de Pele/métodos , Ultrassonografia Doppler/métodos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fáscia/transplante , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Pele/instrumentação , Ultrassonografia Doppler/instrumentação , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
The goal of the present study was to investigate anticancer effect of amentoflavone on glioblastoma cells in vitro. Our results demonstrated that amentoflavone not only significantly reduced cell viability, nuclear factor-ĸappa B (NF-ĸB) activation, and protein expression of cellular Fas-associated protein with death domain-like interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (C-FLIP) and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1), but significantly triggered cell accumulation at the sub-G1 phase, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of active caspase-3 and -8. In order to verify the effect of NF-ĸB inhibitor on expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, we performed western blotting. We found that the of NF-ĸB inhibitor or amentoflavone markedly diminished protein levels of MCL1 and C-FLIP. Taken all together, our findings show that amentoflavone induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and inhibits NF-ĸB-modulated anti-apoptotic signaling in U-87 MG cells in vitro.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Biflavonoides/farmacologia , Inibidores das Enzimas do Citocromo P-450/farmacologia , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Caspase 8/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glioblastoma/genética , Humanos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of amentoflavone on sorafenib-induced apoptosis in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The sorafenib-resistant SK-Hep1 (SK-Hep1R) cell line was established for the present study. Initially, the differences in sorafenib-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis between wild-type SK-Hep1 and SK-Hep1R cells were verified using the MTT assay and flow cytometry. The effects of amentoflavone on sorafenib-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis were then investigated using MTT, flow cytometry, DNA gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that cell viability of SK-Hep1R cells was increased compared with that of SK-Hep1 cells following treatment with different concentrations of sorafenib for 24 h. Apoptosis of SK-Hep1R cells was lower than that of SK-Hep1 cells following treatment with 20 µM sorafenib for 24 h. Amentoflavone alone did not inhibit cell viability but significantly triggered sorafenib-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in SK-Hep1R cells. Amentoflavone not only reversed sorafenib-induced anti-apoptotic protein levels but also enhanced sorafenib-induced pro-apoptotic protein expression in SK-Hep1R cells. In conclusion, amentoflavone may be used as a sorafenib sensitizer to enhance sorafenib-induced cytotoxicity and trigger sorafenib-induced apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in SK-Hep1R cells.
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INTRODUCTION: Despite the popularity and well-established procedures of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG), not all SABG surgeries are successful. To determine the factors related to SABG success, we investigated the radiographic outcomes of SABG and its association with a wide range of factors (e.g., demographics, surgeon, presurgical and postsurgical cleft status). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (N = 77, 9-12 years of age) with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate had been treated with SABG. Their postoperative cone-beam computed tomographic scans were analyzed for residual cleft defects, unsupported root ratio of central incisors and canines adjacent to clefts, and Bergland scale score. Possible influencing factors included sex, age, surgeon, presence of lateral incisor, canine eruption, cleft size, orthodontic treatment, postoperative infection, and duration of follow-up. RESULTS: The oral cleft defect was associated with orthodontic treatment before (ß = -119.1, p = 0.001) and after (ß = -117.6, p < 0.01) surgery. The nasal cleft defect was associated with patient sex (ß = 82.6, p < 0.05), which also predicted the unsupported root ratio of the central incisors (ß = -0.04, p < 0.01). The Bergland scale score was associated with eruption status of the canines at surgery (odds ratio = 0.04, p < 0.01) and postoperative infection (odds ratio = 15.6, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, the radiographic outcomes of SABG are associated with patients' orthodontic treatment, eruption status of cleft-adjacent canines at surgery, postoperative infection, and sex.
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Enxerto de Osso Alveolar/métodos , Ortodontia Corretiva/métodos , Fatores Etários , Criança , Fenda Labial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/diagnóstico por imagem , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Competência Clínica , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Dente Canino/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Erupção Dentária , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Drowsy driving is a major cause of automobile accidents. Previous studies used neuroimaging based approaches such as analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) activities to understand the brain dynamics of different cortical regions during drowsy driving. However, the coupling between brain regions responding to this vigilance change is still unclear. To have a comprehensive understanding of neural mechanisms underlying drowsy driving, in this study we use transfer entropy, a model-free measure of effective connectivity based on information theory. We investigate the pattern of information transfer between brain regions when the vigilance level, which is derived from the driving performance, changes from alertness to drowsiness. Results show that the couplings between pairs of frontal, central, and parietal areas increased at the intermediate level of vigilance, which suggests that an enhancement of the cortico-cortical interaction is necessary to maintain the task performance and prevent behavioral lapses. Additionally, the occipital-related connectivity magnitudes monotonically decreases as the vigilance level declines, which further supports the cortical gating of sensory stimuli during drowsiness. Neurophysiological evidence of mutual relationships between brain regions measured by transfer entropy might enhance the understanding of cortico-cortical communication during drowsy driving.