RESUMO
The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases (IRAKs) sit at the bottle neck for the Toll-like-receptor (TLR) mediated signal transduction process controlling host innate immune response. However, the exact role and regulation of IRAKs are still in the early stage and not fully understood. This review intends to summarize the recent advancement in this important topic and point out areas that need further intensive investigation.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/imunologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/imunologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Animais , Humanos , Quinases Associadas a Receptores de Interleucina-1 , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/classificação , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/classificação , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of melatonin (MT) on spleen lymphocyte proliferation and release of pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides in surgically traumatized rats. MT prevented the depression of lymphocyte proliferation induced by trauma in vivo and in vitro, and prevented the decrease of beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropin in the pituitary in vivo, but dose-dependently inhibited the release of POMC-derived peptides from the pituitary in vitro. The culture media of the pituitaries derived from the traumatized rats inhibited lymphocyte proliferation of normal rats. These results suggest that MT can improve the trauma-induced depression of lymphocyte proliferation and inhibit the release of POMC-derived peptides. The neuroimmunomodulatory role of MT and POMC-derived peptides deserves further study.
Assuntos
Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Melatonina/farmacologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/metabolismo , beta-Endorfina/metabolismo , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfócitos/fisiologia , Masculino , Hipófise/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Superfície Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Melatonina , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/metabolismo , Triptaminas/farmacologiaRESUMO
The present study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MT) and EA on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells, the dynamic changes of the induction of interleukin-2(IL-2) and the content of POMC-derived peptides, beta-endorphins (betaE) and ACTH in spleen lymphocytes and in plasma of traumatic rats. The results showed that intraperitioneal (i.p.) injection of MT was able to recover the lower levels of NK cell activity and the induction of IL-2 production; MT could also decrease the higher betaE and ACTH levels induced by trauma in spleen lymphocytes and plasma. EA needling of Zusanli (St.36) and Lanwei (Extra.37) points obviously improved the immunosuppression produced by trauma and antagonized the elevation of betaE and ACTH contents induced by trauma stress in spleen lymphocytes and plasma. MT + EA could further modulate the depressed immune function, and there was a significant difference compared with MT (i.p.) or EA alone. MT + EA group further decreased the betaE and ACTH contents in immune cells and plasma. Yet, the mechanisms of the attenuation of MT and EA on immunosuppression induced by trauma need further study.