Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for Hinchey III diverticulitis: is it as effective as it is applicable?

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, the laparoscopic peritoneal lavage has emerged as a therapeutic alternative to standard resection procedures. However, its effectiveness and applicability remain debatable. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess laparoscopic lavage in controlling abdominal sepsis secondary to purulent peritonitis. DESIGN: This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: This study was conducted at a single tertiary care institution. PATIENTS: Patients requiring emergency surgery for perforated diverticulitis and generalized peritonitis between June 2006 and June 2013 were identified from a prospective database. Laparoscopic assessment was considered in all of the hemodynamically stable patients, and laparoscopic lavage was performed according to intraoperative strict criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were the effectiveness and applicability of laparoscopic lavage. Secondarily, feasibility, morbidity, and mortality were also assessed. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients required emergency surgery for generalized peritonitis secondary to perforated diverticulitis. Forty-six patients who underwent laparoscopy presented a purulent generalized (Hinchey III) peritonitis and were examined under the intention-to-treat basis to perform a laparoscopic lavage. Thirty-two patients (70.0%; 95% CI 56.2-82.7) had no previous episodes of diverticulitis. Thirty-six patients (78.0%; 95% CI 66.3-90.1) had free air on a CT scan. The conversion rate was 4% (95% CI 0-10). The feasibility of the method was 96.0% (95% CI 90.4-100), and its applicability was 59.0% (95% CI 44.8-73.2). Median operative time was 89 minutes (range, 40-200 minutes). Postoperative morbidity was 24.0% (95% CI 11.7-36.3), and the mortality rate was 0%. We registered 5 failures, and all of them underwent reoperation. The effectiveness of the procedure was 85% (95% CI 76-93). LIMITATIONS: This was a single-institution retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of laparoscopic lavage seems to be high. Although its applicability is lower, it could be applied in more than half of patients requiring emergency surgery. This alternative strategy should be considered when laparoscopic assessment reveals Hinchey III diverticulitis.

Body surface area: a new predictor factor for conversion and prolonged operative time in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Body surface area is a measurement of body size used in clinical settings. Its impact on laparoscopic colorectal surgery has not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of body surface area on the conversion rate and laparoscopic operative time. DESIGN: This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: This study was conducted at a single tertiary care institution. PATIENTS: Nine hundred sixteen consecutive patients operated on between January 2004 and August 2011 were identified from a prospective database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Conversion rate and laparoscopic operative time were analyzed related to age, sex, obesity, disease location (colon vs rectum), type of disease (neoplastic vs nonneoplastic), history of previous surgery, and body surface area; body surface area was calculated by the Mosteller formula. Body surface area was analyzed by the use of median and quartile cutoff values (1.6, 1.8, and 2.0). Multivariate models were adjusted for different confounders. Interaction between body surface area and BMI was ruled out. RESULTS: The conversion rate was 10%. Conversion rates for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 4.4%, 8.3%, 12.7%, and 14.8%, p = 0.001. Patients with body surface area ≥ 1.8 had a higher conversion rate than those with body surface area <1.8 (13.9% vs 5.3%, OR: 2.35 (95% CI: 1.45-3.86; p = 0.0001)). Multivariate analysis showed that body surface area ≥ 1.8 was associated with conversion (OR: 2, 95% CI: 1.1-3.7, p = 0.02) and a longer operative time after adjusting for sex, age, obesity, disease location (rectum vs colon), and type of laparoscopic approach. LIMITATION: This was a single-institution retrospective study. CONCLUSION: Body surface area is a predictor for conversion and longer laparoscopic operative time. It should be considered when informing patients, selecting cases in the early learning curve, and assessing standard of care.

El área de superficie corporal: un factor predictor de conversión en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica

Antecedentes: El área de superficie corporal es una medida usada en el entorno clínico. Su impacto en la cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica no ha sido estudiado previamente. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la superficie corporal sobre la tasa de conversión y el tiempo operatorio en cirugía laparoscópica. Diseño: Análisis retrospectivo de datos recogidos prospectivamente. Marco: Una sola institución de atención terciaria. Pacientes: Fueron identificados 916 pacientes consecutivos operados entre enero de 2004 y agosto de 2011, incluidos en una base de datos completada en forma prospectiva. Principales medidas de resultado: Se analizaron la tasa de conversión y el tiempo operatorio laparoscópico en relación a la edad, el género, la obesidad, la localización de la enfermedad (colon vs recto), el tipo de enfermedad (neoplásica vs no neoplásica), el antecedente de cirugías previas, y la superficie corporal; el área de superficie corporal se calculó mediante la fórmula de Mosteller. El área de superficie corporal se analizó utilizando la mediana, y cuartilos con valores de corte de 1.6; 1.8 y 2.0. Se utilizó la regresión logística para analizar la asociación entre el área de superficie corporal y la tasa de conversión, ajustada por diferentes factores. Se investigó la interacción entre la superficie corporal y el índice de masa corporal, pero no fue constatada. Resultados: La tasa de conversión global fue del 10%. La mediana del área de superficie corporal fue de 1.84 m² (rango: 1.14- 2.53). Las tasas de conversión de los cuartiles 1, 2, 3 y 4 fueron: 4.4%, 8.3%, 12.7% y 14.8%, respectivamente, p=0.001. Los pacientes con superficie corporal > 1.8 m²(N = 503) tuvieron una tasa de conversión más alta que los de superficie corporal < 1.8 m²(N=413) [13.8% vs 6.3%, respectivamente, OR: 2.35 (IC 95%: 1.45-3.86, p=0.0001)]. El análisis multivariado mostró que el área de superficie corporal > 1.8m² se asoció a la conversión (OR: 2, 95% Cl: 1.1-3.7, p=0.023) después de ajustar por sexo, edad, obesidad, localización de la patología (recto vs colon), tipo de abordaje laparoscópico y antecedente de cirugías previas. Limitación: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo realizado en una sola institución. Conclusión: El área de superficie corporal es un buen predictor de la conversión; debe ser incluido como parte de los futuros estudios sobre los resultados de la cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica, como información a los pacientes, cuando se seleccionan casos al inicio de la curva de aprendizaje, y al determinar el estándar de calidad de atención.

Background: Body surface área is a measurement used in clinical settings. Its impact on laparoscopic colorectal surgery has not been previously studied. Objective:To assess the impact of body surface área on conversión rate. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Setting: Single tertiary care institution. Patients: 916 consecutive patients operated on between January 2004 and August 2011 were identified from a prospectively datábase. Main outcome measures: Conversión rate was analyzed related to age, gender, obesity, disease location (colon vs. rectum), type of disease (neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic), history of previous surgery, and body surface área; body surface área was calculated by Mosteller formula. Body surface área was analyzed using median and quartiles cut off valúes (1.6, 1.8 and 2.0). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between body surface área and conversión, adjusting for different confounders. Interaction between body surface área and body mass Índex was checked and not found. Results: Overall conversión rate was 10%. Median body surface área was 1.84 (range: 1.14-2.53).Conversión rates for quartiles 1, 2, 3 and 4 were: 4.4%, 8.3%, 12.7%, and 14.8%, respectively, p = 0.001. Patients with body surface área > 1.8 (N=503) had a higher conversión rate than those with body surface área < 1.8 (N=413) [13.8% vs 6.3%, respectively, OR: 2.35 (95% Cl: 1.45-3.86; p=0.0001)j. Multivariate analysis showed that body surface área > 1.8 was associated with conversión (OR: 2, 95% Cl: 1.1-3.7, p=0.023) after adjusting for gender, age, and previous surgery. ROC analysis of body surface área showed an área under the curve of 0.62. Body surface área > 1.8 had a sensitivity and specificity of 76% and 48% respectively. Limitation: This was a single institution retrospective study. Conclusión: Body surface área is a good predictor for conversión and should be included as part of future studies on outcomes for laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Laparoscopía mano-asistida en neoplasias colorrectales: evaluación de los primeros 100 casos / Hand-assisted laparosocopic colectomy in colorectal neoplasm: first 100 cases

Introducción: La cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica manoasistida es propuesta como una alternativa a la laparoscopia convencional para facilitar el procedimiento conservando las ventajas del abordaje mínimamente invasivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la experiencia inicial con esta técnica en términos de resultados intra y postoperatorios inmediatos en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal. Diseño: Estudio restrospectivo. Pacientes y método: Se analizan 100 pacientes (51 mujeres, edad promedio 69 años, mediana de IMC: 24) operados en forma electiva entre julio de 2006 y enero de 2009. Las indicaciones fueron: adenocarcinoma de colon derecho (31 casos), adenocarcinoma de colon izquierdo (29 casos), adenocarcinoma de recto (21 casos), pólipo adenomatoso (15 casos), adenocarcinoma sincrónico (2 casos) y adecarcinoma de colon transverso (2 casos). Se efectuaron 38 colectomías derechas, 23 sigmoidectomías, 23 resecciones anteriores, 12 colectomías izquierdas, 2 colectomías transversa, 2 colectomías doble. Resultados: El tamaño de la herida fue de 6.5 (rango: 6-7) cm. El tiempo operatorio global fue de 150 minutos (IC95 por ciento: 140-180). Las resecciones anteriores se asociaron a un mayor tiempo operatorio: 190 vs 120 y 150 minutos para las colectomías derechas e izquierdas respectivamente (p< 0.01). La mediana de pérdida sanguínea fue de 70 ml (IC 95 por ciento: 60-100). El índice de conversión fue de 5 por ciento, sin conversiones en los últimos 55 casos. Sólo 1 complicación intraoperatoria (sangrado) requirió conversión. No se produjeron muertes postoperatorias. La estadia hospitalaria fue de 3,5 (IC95 por ciento: 3-4) días y sólo 1 paciente fue reinternado. El 26 por ciento de los pacientes eliminó gases el primer día postoperatorio (mediana 2 días, IC95 por ciento: 1-2 días). La morbilidad fue del 11 por ciento: infección de herida 5 casos, débito sanguíneo por el drenaje 1 caso, íleo post-operatorio 5 casos...

Introduction: colorectal hand-assisted laparoscopy surgery is proposed as an alternative approach to standard laparoscopy in order to make the procedure easier and to maintain the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze our initial experience in terms of intra-operative and short-term outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: we analyzed 100 patients (51 females; mean age, 69 years; BMI, 24) operated on electively between July 2006 and January 2009. The indications for surgery were: adenocarcinoma of the right colon (31 cases), adenocarcinoma of the left colon (29 cases), adenocarcinoma of the rectum (21 cases), adenomatous polyp (15 cases), synchronous adenocarcinoma (2 cases) and adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon (2 cases). The procedures performed were: 38 right colectomies, 23 sigmoidectomies, 23 anterior resection, 12 left colectomies, 2 transverse colectomy, and 2 double colectomy. Results: The median size of the incision was 6.5 cm (95 per cent CI, 6-5) cm. Global operative time was 150 minutes (95 per cent C1, 140-180). Anterior resections were associated with a longer operative time: 190 minutes vs. 145 and 120 minutes for right and left colectomies respectively (p<0.005). The median loss of blood was 70 ml (IC95 per cent, 60-100). Five cases (5 per cent) required conversion with no cases in the last 55 patients. There were only 1 intraoperative complication which required conversion and there were not postoperative deaths. The median hospital stay was 3.5 (95 per cent CI, 3-4) days, and only 1 patient requiring re-admission. 26 per cent of the patients passed gas in the first postoperative day (median 2; 95 per cent CI, 1-2 days). The morbidity rate was 11 per cent (11 patients): wound infection, 5 cases; bleeding through drainage, 1 case; postoperative ileo, 5 cases...