Magnetoelectric inversion of domain patterns.

The inversion of inhomogeneous physical states has great technological importance; for example, active noise reduction relies on the emission of an inverted sound wave that interferes destructively with the noise of the emitter1, and inverting the evolution of a spin system by using a magnetic-field pulse enables magnetic resonance tomography2. In contrast to these examples, inversion of a distribution of ferromagnetic or ferroelectric domains within a material is surprisingly difficult: field poling creates a single-domain state, and piece-by-piece inversion using a scanning tip is impractical. Here we report inversion of entire ferromagnetic and ferroelectric domain patterns in the magnetoelectric material Co3TeO6 and the multiferroic material Mn2GeO4, respectively. In these materials, an applied magnetic field reverses the magnetization or polarization, respectively, of each domain, but leaves the domain pattern intact. Landau theory indicates that this type of magnetoelectric inversion is universal across materials that exhibit complex ordering, with one order parameter holding the memory of the domain structure and another setting its overall sign. Domain-pattern inversion is only one example of a previously unnoticed effect in systems such as multiferroics, in which several order parameters are available for combination. Exploring these effects could therefore advance multiferroics towards new levels of functionality.

Publisher Correction: Magnetoelectric inversion of domain patterns.

Four incorrect figure citations in this Letter have been corrected online.

Bismuth Nanoparticles Increase Effectiveness of Proton Therapy of Ehrlich Carcinoma.

We studied the antitumor activity of the combined use of local proton irradiation in two modes (10 and 31 Gy) with preliminary intra-tumoral injection of two types of bismuth nanoparticles differing in surface coating: coated with the amphiphilic molecule Pluronic-F127 or Silane-PEG (5 kDa)-COOH polymer. Nanoparticles were used in doses of 0.75 and 1.5 mg/mouse. In two independent series on experimental tumor model (solid Ehrlich carcinoma), bismuth nanoparticles of both modifications injected directly into the tumor enhanced the antitumor effects of proton therapy. Moreover, the radiosensitizing effect of bismuth nanoparticles administered via this route increased with the increasing the doses of nanoparticles and the doses of radiation exposure. In our opinion, these promising data obtained for the first time extend the possibilities of treating malignant neoplasms.

[Indocyanine green angiography in assessment of parathyroid remnant perfusion after subtotal parathyroidectomy: a case report]. / Angiografiya s indotsianinom zelenym v otsenke perfuzii ostatka tkani parashchitovidnoi zhelezy pri subtotal'noi paratireoidektomii: klinicheskoe nablyudenie.

A 72-year-old female patient with chronic kidney disease stage presented with multiple parathyroid adenomas and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. SPECT/CT with 99mTc-MIBI revealed accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals in 2 out of 4 parathyroid glands. Ultrasound established localization of all parathyroid glands. Subtotal parathyroidectomy with excision of 3 glands and resection of half of the fourth gland was performed. Intraoperative indocyanine green angiography was performed to identify all parathyroid glands and remnant perfusion. There was normal parathyroid function after 6 months.

[Elimination of defects in the Schneiderian membrane during sinus lift operations]. / Ustranenie defektov membrany Shneidera vo vremya provedeniya operatsii sinus-liftinga.

PURPOSE: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a new method of plasty of an extensive defect in the mucous membrane of the Schneiderian membrane, which occurs during the sinus lift operation, using an artificial collagen membrane and a developed method for fixing it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 188 patients took part in the study, all of these patients underwent an open sinus lift operation with simultaneous or delayed implantation. Operations were performed under balanced anesthesia. Six months after the operation, according to computed tomography, the height of the formed bone regenerate was estimated. In the area of each missing tooth, the initial bone height and the resulting bone grafting were assessed. Then we compared the average values before and after the operation, the average height difference before and after the operation. RESULTS: In 19 patients during the sinus lift there was an accidental extensive rupture of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. Elimination of the mucosal defect was carried out according to our patented method. All 188 patients were diagnosed with partial loss of teeth with bone tissue deficiency in the distal maxillary sinus. The height of the alveolar process in the projection of missing teeth ranged from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Delayed dental implantation was performed when the height of the alveolar bone was less than 3 mm, direct when the presence of 3-5 mm. After 6 months, dental implants were installed in the reconstruction zone, after another 6 months - rational prosthetics. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method of plastic surgery has the following advantages. Firstly, it allows to eliminate the defect of the mucous membrane together with an increase in the height of the alveolar ridge. Secondly, after this method, the integrity of the mucous membrane will be restored. Thirdly, with an alveolar bone height of 3 mm or more, dental implants should also be installed.

Observation of Linear and Nonlinear Light Localization at the Edges of Moiré Arrays.

We observe linear and nonlinear light localization at the edges and in the corners of truncated moiré arrays created by the superposition of periodic mutually twisted at Pythagorean angles square sublattices. Experimentally exciting corner linear modes in the femtosecond-laser written moiré arrays we find drastic differences in their localization properties in comparison with the bulk excitations. We also address the impact of nonlinearity on the corner and bulk modes and experimentally observe the crossover from linear quasilocalized states to the surface solitons emerging at the higher input powers. Our results constitute the first experimental demonstration of localization phenomena induced by truncation of periodic moiré structures in photonic systems.

[Development of a Series of Neutralizing Nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein].

Countering the spread of new respiratory infections and reducing the damage they cause to society requires efficient strategies for rapidly developing of targeted therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies. Nanobodies, defined as variable fragments of heavy-chain camelid antibodies, have a set of characteristics that make them particularly convenient for this purpose. The speed at which the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic spread confirmed that the key factor in the development of therapeutics is obtaining highly effective blocking agents as soon as possible, as well as the diversity of epitopes to which these agents bind. We have optimized the selection process of blocking nanobodies from the genetic material of camelids and obtained a panel of nanobody structures with affinity to Spike protein in the lower nanomolar and picomolar ranges and with high binding specificity. The subset of nanobodies that demonstrate the ability to block the interaction between the Spike protein and the cellular ACE2 receptor was selected in experiments in vitro and in vivo. It has been established that the epitopes bound by the nanobodies are located in the RBD domain of the Spike protein and have little overlap. The diversity of binding regions may allow a mixture of nanobodies to retain potential therapeutic efficacy towards new Spike protein variants. Furthermore, the structural features of nanobodies, particularly their compact size and high stability, indicate the possibility of their utilization in the form of aerosols.

Experimental Model for the Study of Reparative Bone Regeneration in the Reconstruction of the Lower Jaw.

An experimental in vivo model has been developed on the rabbit mandible to study reparative regeneration of alveolar bone after intercortical split osteotomy and the role of the periosteum in the process of reparative osteogenesis. The peculiarity of this model is fixation of the periosteum over the reconstruction zone, which allows preserving the bone block displaced during surgery and leads to the formation of an organotypic structure of the regenerate with cortical and spongy bone.

Biological Response of Chinese Hamster B14-150 Cells to Sequential Combined Exposure to Protons and 12C Ions.

Proton and ion radiation therapy, when used both as single radiation and in mixed radiation mode, have a number of advantages over the conventional γ-therapy that are determined by physical characteristics of accelerated particles. The paper presents the results of an in vitro study of the effectiveness of sequential exposures of Chinese hamster tumor cells B14-150 to proton (p) and 12C ion beams. We used 4 irradiation schemes differing by the sequence of exposure and the contribution of each radiation to the total dose. Synergism was shown for 12C ions dose contribution of 45% (taking into account the coefficient of relative biological efficiency) and the sequence 12C→p.

Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy of Solid Tumors in Laboratory Animals with Guanidine and Biguanidine Derivatives of Chlorine e6.

We evaluated antitumor efficacy of photodynamic therapy of murine Ehrlich carcinoma and rat sarcoma M-1 with new photosensitizers 131-N-(4-aminobutyl)amydo chlorine e6 (1), 132-(5-guanidylbutanamido)-chlorine e6 (2), and 132-(5-biguanidylbutanamido)-chlorine e6 (3). The inhibiting effect of the photodynamic therapy was evaluated by the following parameters: tumor growth inhibition, complete regression of the tumors, and absolute growth rate of the tumor nodes in animals with the continued neoplasia growth. The criterion of cure was the absence of tumors up to 90 days after the therapy. It is shown that the studied photosensitizers have high antitumor activity in the photodynamic therapy of the Ehrlich carcinoma and sarcoma M-1.

Preclinical Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of a New Russian Radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA.

The therapeutic efficacy of a Russian radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA was studied in vivo using male BALB/c nu/nu (nude) mice with prostate carcinoma 22Rv1 xenografts by tumor growth inhibition criterion. The mean tumor volumes in mice treated with 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA were significantly lower than in animals of the control group. There were no significant differences in the values of tumor growth inhibition between the groups of animals receiving 3.7 or 7.4 MBq of 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA.

Effects of Combined Exposure to Carbon Ions and Protons on the Pool of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Stem Cells In Vitro.

We studied the effects of single and combined action of protons and carbon ions 12C6+ on the pool of MCF-7 human breast cancer stem cells. Single irradiation with a beam of protons or carbon ions had no significant effects on the relative number of cancer stem cells (CSC). The effects of combined irradiation in a total equieffective dose of 4 Gy depended on the sequence of exposure to ionizing radiations: the relative number of CSC did not change after irradiation with carbon ions and then with protons, but increased in the case of the reverse sequence. The most favorable result, i.e. a decrease in the CSC pool, was observed in the case of sequential irradiation with carbon ions and protons and their equal contribution to total equieffective dose. In this case, the absolute number of CSC decreased by on average 2.1 times in comparison with the control (p<0.05). The revealed regularities are of interest for the further development of new methods of radiation therapy.

[The relationship between penile hemodynamic parameters in cavernous rteries and penile rigidity].

INTRODUCTION: Blood flow parameters in cavernous arteries during full-erection phase on Doppler ultrasonography are associated with intracavernosal pressure and, consequently, with penile rigidity. AIM: To examine the relationship between blood flow parameters in cavernous arteries and the penile rigidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 54 healthy men and patients with erectile dysfunction of various degrees of severity, with mean age of 43,0 +/- 2,2 years ranging from 18 to 74 years, were included in the study. Erectile function was examined and 81 Doppler ultrasonography were performed after intracavernosal injection of alprostadil (10 mcg). In full-erection phase, peak systolic velocity (PSV) and systolic acceleration (SA) were measured, as well as resistive index (RI). Mean values were calculated for both cavernous arteries. Penile rigidity was assessed in three ways: clinical evaluation according to I. Goldstein, measurement of surface rigidity and evaluation of longitudinal rigidity. RESULTS: During Doppler ultrasonography a strong correlation of penile rigidity with RI (0,71-0,85) and SA (0,63-0,69) was found. Indirect assessment of penile rigidity using PSV values was less precise. With RI values close to 1,0, SA is a more reliable method for indirect rigidity assessment. CONCLUSION: Penile blood flow parameters, RI and SA, allow to evaluate a degree of rigidity and to eliminate subjectivity of the specialist performing the examination, as well as to obtain a range of penile rigidity values.

[Infectious factor in transuretral surgery of benign prostate hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis].

PURPOSE: To assess postoperative bacteriuria and infectious complications in terms of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) regimens, preoperative urine bacterial status and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) undergoing transurethral prostate surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar and the Cochrane bibliographic databases were searched from 1992 to 2022. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and inverse variance method was used to calculate mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Primary outcome was the development of asymptomatic bacteriuria, secondary - development of infectious complications. RESULTS: This meta-analysis showed that ABP significantly decreased level of postoperative bacteriuria and infection complications. This meta-analysis was in favour of prolonged ABP ( more or equal 3 days) in lowering postoperative infectious complications rate compared to short regimens ( less or equal 24 hours). Preoperative bacteriuria was not significantly associated with postoperative bacteriuria level and infectious complications. Mean preoperative PSA level significantly differed in patients with and without postoperative bacteriuria. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated significant gaps in the knowledge of perioperative bacterial status and antibiotic prophylaxis strategies efficacy in the group of patients undergoing transurethral prostate surgery. There is no consensus on optimal ABP regimen. Most of included studies had significant heterogeneity. Further studies are required.

[Indocyanine green in liver tumor resection]. / Primenenie ICG na etapakh planirovaniya i realizatsii rezektsii pecheni po povodu opukholei.

Primary liver cancer and colorectal cancer liver metastases are among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Surgery is one of the main methods of treatment to achieve the best results in overall and recurrence-free survival. The main objectives in this surgery are preoperative planning, assessment of functional viability of liver parenchyma and total resection with low complication rate. Post-resection liver failure is one of the most formidable and often fatal complication following functional failure of liver remnant. Thus, preoperative assessment of liver functional reserves is a necessary step for adequate selection of patients and safe surgery. Passive liver tests, such as biochemical parameters or clinical scales, do not accurately reflect the actual functional component of liver parenchyma. The most accurate method is dynamic quantitative test of liver, such as indocyanine green clearance. The authors discuss the practical aspects of preoperative assessment of liver functional reserves using indocyanine green, as well as the concept and technical foundations of fluorescent imaging in hepatobiliary surgery.

[Isolated endovascular liver chemoperfusion for liver metastases of uveal melanoma]. / Sposob izolirovannoi endovaskulyarnoi khimioperfuzii pecheni pri metastazakh uveal'noi melanomy v pechen'.

Isolated hepatic perfusion is one of the possible approaches for unresectable liver metastases of uveal melanoma. This technique is rare in modern oncology because of extremely difficult technique and high risk of intra- and postoperative complications. Thus, minimizing surgical trauma and increasing safety and reproducibility of this technique are important. There were 36 procedures of isolated «open¼ hepatic perfusion. The authors describe the first experience of endovascular hepatic perfusion. Advantages and clinical prospects of this method are shown.

[Isolated liver perfusion with melphalan followed by pembrolizumab therapy for unresectable metastases of uveal melanoma to the liver]. / Sposob izolirovannoi perfuzii pecheni melfalanom s posleduyushchei terapiei pembrolizumabom v lechenii nerezektabel'nykh metastazov uveal'noi melanomy, ogranichennykh pechen'yu.

Uveal melanoma accounts for 80% of all ocular melanomas, and 30-60% of patients have metastases to the liver. A few patients are candidates for liver resection, and this disease is associated with poor prognosis. There are few data on optimal management of metastatic uveal melanoma. Isolated hepatic perfusion is a perspective method for regional treatment of inoperable metastatic liver lesions with uveal melanoma. We present a patient with uveal melanoma who underwent previous enucleation of the eye. Cancer progressed 15 years later as an isolated inoperable metastatic liver lesion. The patient underwent isolated liver perfusion with melphalan, hyperthermia and oxygenation. Subsequently, the patient received systemic therapy with pembrolizumab. Partial response was achieved 1 month after the procedure. There was no progression for 20 months after surgery under systemic therapy with pembrolizumab. Thus, isolated liver chemoperfusion with melphalan is advisable in these patients.

[Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer]. / Primenenie fluorestsentnoi angiografii s indotsianinom zelenym v transoral'noi endoskopicheskoi tireoidektomii pri papillyarnom rake shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of ICG angiography in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) undergoing transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOETVA) and selective neck dissection (level VI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis included 20 patients with PTC who underwent TOETVA with selective neck dissection (level VI) between September and December 2022. ICG was administered intravenously (5 mg ´ 3 times). We analyzed parathyroid glands by visual examination and ICG angiography. Fluorescence of all glands was assessed. RESULTS: Twenty patients underwent ICG angiography during TOETVA. A total of 68 parathyroid glands were identified. Only 76.5% (52/68) of parathyroid glands were identified at initial visual examination. ICG angiography additionally localized 12 glands that improved detection to 94.1% (64/68). At least one well-vascularized parathyroid gland was demonstrated by ICG angiography in 16 patients. In all these patients, serum parathyroid hormone was normal in 1 and 10 days after surgery. Two out of four patients who failed to identify a well-vascularized parathyroid gland developed transient hypoparathyroidism. There were no intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with ICG angiography. CONCLUSION: ICG angiography was simple, safe and effective for better identification and preservation of parathyroid glands in patients with PTC undergoing TOETVA. This method was valuable for assessing the viability and function of parathyroid glands and predicting postoperative hypocalcemia.

[The use of an individualized mini plate for the distalization of teeth]. / Ispol'zovanie individualizirovannoi miniplastiny dlya distalizatsii zubov.

The case of treatment of a 32-year-old patient with complaints about the aesthetics of a smile and the absence of teeth 17 and 46 is presented. During the examination, it was established: the retraction position of the teeth in the frontal part of the upper jaw, the closure of the molars according to the II class of the second subclass of Engl (distal bite), the vestibular position of the teeth 13, 23. To change the spatial position of the lower jaw, the fixation of the bracket system on the upper jaw was performed. and also an individualized mini-plate was installed in the area of the zygomatic alveolar ridge on the right and left, for distalization of the dentition of the upper jaw with the help of orthodontic traction applied from the teeth to the mini-plates. This clinical example demonstrates the possibility of using individualized mini-plates for distalization of the upper dentition, as an alternative and more stable method of treatment in such clinical cases.

Motion of dark solitons in a non-uniform flow of Bose-Einstein condensate.

We study motion of dark solitons in a non-uniform one-dimensional flow of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Our approach is based on Hamiltonian mechanics applied to the particle-like behavior of dark solitons in a slightly non-uniform and slowly changing surrounding. In one-dimensional geometry, the condensate's wave function undergoes the jump-like behavior across the soliton, and this leads to generation of the counterflow in the background condensate. For a correct description of soliton's dynamics, the contributions of this counterflow to the momentum and energy of the soliton are taken into account. The resulting Hamilton equations are reduced to the Newton-like equation for the soliton's path, and this Newton equation is solved in several typical situations. The analytical results are confirmed by numerical calculations.