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1.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1770(9): 1275-82, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17692467

RESUMO

The uterine sarcoma human cell line MES-SA/Dx5 overexpresses the MDR1 gene product, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Pgp is a heavily glycosylated, ATP-dependent drug efflux pump expressed in many human cancers. There are more than 150 known isoforms of Pgp, which complicates the characterization of Pgp glycans because each isoform could present a different glycome. The contribution of these oligosaccharides to the structure and function of Pgp remains unclear. We identified distinct Pgp glycans recognized by the lectins in the digoxigenin (DIG) glycan differentiation kit from Roche Allied Science, all of which were N-glycans. Pgp was isolated using both slab and preparative gel elution. The monoclonal antibody C219 was used to identify the presence of Pgp and Pgp treated with PNGase F on our blots. Pgp isolated from MES-SA/Dx5 cells contains at least two different complex N-glycans--one high mannose tree, detected by GNA, and one branched hybrid oligosaccharide-capped with terminal sialic acids, detected by SNA and MAA. DSA, specific for biantennary oligosaccharides possessing beta(1-4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, also recognized the blotted Pgp and is probably detecting the core Galbeta(1-4)-GlcNAc(x) component found in other Pgps.


Assuntos
Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/química , Sarcoma/química , Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Carboidratos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatografia em Gel/métodos , Digoxigenina/química , Feminino , Glicosilação , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oligossacarídeos de Cadeias Ramificadas/química , Neoplasias Uterinas/química
2.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci ; 27(1): 62-73, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27830639

RESUMO

AIMS: Korea has the highest suicide rate of developed countries, two times higher than the USA. Suicide trends among Koreans Americans living in the USA during the same period have not yet been described. We report suicide mortality rates and trends for four groups: (1) Korean Americans, (2) non-Hispanic White (NHW) Americans, (3) selected Asian American subgroups and (4) Koreans living in the Republic of Korea. METHODS: We used US national (n = 18 113 585) and World Health Organization (WHO) (n = 232 919 253) mortality records for Korea from 2003 to 2012 to calculate suicide rates, all expressed per 100 000 persons. We assessed temporal trends and differences in age, gender and race/ethnicity using binomial regression. RESULTS: Suicide rates are highest in Koreans living in the Republic of Korea (32.4 for men and 14.8 for women). Suicide rates in Korean Americans (13.9 for men and 6.5 for women) have nearly doubled from 2003 to 2012 and exceed rates for all other Asian American subgroups (5.4-10.7 for men and 1.6-4.2 for women). Suicide rates among NHWs (21.0 for men and 5.6 for women) remain high. Among elders, suicide in Korean Americans (32.9 for men and 15.4 for women) is the highest of all examined racial/ethnic groups in the USA. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide in Korean Americans is higher than for other Asian Americans and follows temporal patterns more similar to Korea than the USA. Interventions to prevent suicide in Korean American populations, particularly among the elderly, are needed.


Assuntos
Asiático/psicologia , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , População Branca/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comparação Transcultural , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , República da Coreia/etnologia , Suicídio/tendências , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
3.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 18(4): 369-74, 2006 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16921876

RESUMO

Ergot alkaloids present in endophyte-infected tall fescue induce fescue toxicosis in livestock consuming the plant. The lysergic acid (LA) ring structure is a common moiety among the ergot alkaloids. Little is known about the bioavailability of LA because of limitations in available analytical protocols. Thus, a high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed to analyze biological matrices for LA. The biological matrices of interest were tall fescue straw and seed, and ruminant feces, urine, and ruminal fluid. Lysergic acid was added to each matrix at a high (150 ng/ml) or low (30 ng/ml) level. Using the high-level addition, the greatest recovery of LA was obtained from ruminal fluid, feces, and urine (P < 0.05), with an average 85.1% recovered. At the low level, a greater recovery of added LA was observed in the ruminal fluid, urine, and feces (82.1%; P < 0.05) than that in the other 2 matrices (62.6%). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) in ruminal fluid and urine was 5.5 and 18.4 ng/ml, respectively. Seed, straw, and feces had higher LOQ (24.2, 14.5, and 36.0 ng/g, respectively). Limit of detection (LOD) was 1.64, 10.80, 4.35, 5.52, and 7.26 ng/g for ruminal fluid, feces, urine, seed, and straw, respectively. To test the assay in vivo, samples of ruminal fluid and urine were collected from steers consuming a diet containing 400 ng of ergovaline/g and 30 ng of LA/g. All matrices sampled resulted in levels above the LOD and LOQ for the assay, indicating that this assay is sufficiently sensitive for use in assessing the bioavailability of LA.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/veterinária , Ácido Lisérgico/análise , Ácido Lisérgico/urina , Poaceae/microbiologia , Rúmen/metabolismo , Animais , Bovinos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Ergolinas/química , Ergotaminas/química , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular
4.
Obstet Gynecol ; 90(4 Pt 1): 489-94, 1997 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9380302

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To that end examine differences in birth weight among the term infants of black and white women with weight gains in the upper or lower half of recommended ranges. METHODS: Birth weight (mean, low [at or below 2500 gl, and suboptimal [2501-2999 g]) among term infants of 2219 black and 3966 white low-income women was compared with maternal prenatal weight gain classified according to four categories: below, within the lower or upper halves, and above the recommended ranges for pregravid body mass index (BMI) category (low, normal, high). RESULTS: Adjusted mean birth weights among the infants of women with prenatal weight gain in the upper versus lower half of the recommended ranges were higher among white women with normal BMI (3307 g upper half, 3199 g lower half, P = .001) but not among black women with normal BMI (3180 g upper half, 3105 g lower half, not significant). Logistic regression analyses revealed that prenatal weight gain in the upper compared with the lower half of the recommended ranges was associated with a decreased adjusted odds ratio (OR) for low (but not suboptimal) birth weight among the infants of white women (OR 0.4, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.2,0.9) but not of black women (OR 1.2; 95% CI 0.4,3.3). CONCLUSION: These preliminary observations do not provide support for the presence of ethnic group-specific recommendations within guidelines for prenatal weight gain.


Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , População Negra , Aumento de Peso , População Branca , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Prevalência , Valores de Referência
5.
Psychiatr Serv ; 49(10): 1303-8, 1998 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9779899

RESUMO

This paper examines temporal changes in staffing ratios and configuration of mental health providers per 100,000 members within two full-service staff-model health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Overall workforce reductions in all classes of mental health professionals occurred in the two HMOs from 1992 to 1995. Staffing ratios decreased in both HMOs for psychiatrists and psychologists. In one HMO, the ratio of clinical social workers also decreased over this period. Provider ratios from 1995 are benchmarked against state ratios per 100,000 population. Workforce mix for the two HMOs is contrasted with a single-year average for a large managed behavioral health (carve-out) organization. The authors discuss potential implications of the findings for training of several categories of mental health professionals.


Assuntos
Sistemas Pré-Pagos de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Admissão e Escalonamento de Pessoal/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos de Casos Organizacionais , Psiquiatria , Psicologia , Serviço Social , Estados Unidos , Recursos Humanos
6.
J Food Prot ; 62(11): 1354-7, 1999 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10571330

RESUMO

A trial was conducted for 12 months in a herd of 120 Holstein cows in order to determine the efficacy of a teat disinfectant, which contained a phenolic combination, for the prevention of bovine intramammary infections during lactation. Postmilking teat disinfection was compared to a negative control using a split-udder experimental design. The percentage of quarters newly infected by mastitis pathogens was 45% lower in mammary glands with teats that had been dipped in the experimental teat disinfectant after milking than it was in undipped controls. New infections caused by Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, and Corynebacterium bovis were significantly lower in mammary glands with teats that had been dipped in the experimental teat disinfectant than in undipped controls. No statistical differences in the incidence of clinical mastitis between treatment groups were observed. No irritation or chapping of teats dipped in the experimental teat disinfectant were observed. The results of this study suggest that the experimental teat disinfectant containing a phenolic combination is an effective postmilking teat disinfectant for use in the prevention of new intramammary infections by both contagious and environmental mastitis pathogens.


Assuntos
Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Desinfetantes , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/microbiologia , Mastite/prevenção & controle , Fenóis , Animais , Bovinos , Corynebacterium/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Lactação , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação
7.
J Food Prot ; 65(7): 1100-5, 2002 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12117241

RESUMO

The consumption of meat from cull dairy cows and of raw milk has been associated with foodborne salmonellosis. This survey was conducted to establish the prevalence of Salmonella in cull dairy cow fecal samples and bulk tank milk and to determine the proportion of Salmonella-positive dairy farms (n = 30) in east Tennessee. Food and Drug Administration bacteriological analytical protocols were generally used for Salmonella isolation. Primary enrichment was performed with lactose broth, and secondary enrichment was conducted with tetrathionate broth. Eosin methylene blue, hektoen enteric, xylose lysine desoxycholate, bismuth sulfite, and brilliant green (BG) were used as isolation agars. BG agars supplemented with individual antibiotics and/or sulfur compounds were also evaluated. Six of 268 (2.24%) bulk tank milk samples and 9 of 415 (2.17%) fecal samples from 7 of 30 (25.3%) dairy farms were Salmonella-positive. Most isolates (11 of 15) were obtained between September and December. Salmonella isolates were further characterized using polyvalent somatic O Salmonella antiserum, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), and Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E strips for Enterobacteriaceae. Serological evaluation of presumptive positive Salmonella isolates resulted in substantial numbers of false positives (41.2%). ONPG and API 20E tests enabled further biochemical distinction of the majority of Salmonella spp. from Salmonella Arizonae and closely related members of Enterobacteriaceae like Citrobacter youngae. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SpeI-digested Salmonella DNA was used to subtype isolates. The isolates grouped into four clusters. The baseline information generated in this survey is being used to develop preharvest pathogen reduction programs on selected farms.


Assuntos
Fezes/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bovinos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Meios de Cultura , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Feminino , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Filogenia , Prevalência , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/genética , Estações do Ano , Tennessee/epidemiologia
8.
J Food Prot ; 65(5): 752-9, 2002 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12030284

RESUMO

A study on the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was conducted on 30 dairy farms in east Tennessee between May 2000 and April 2001. This pathogen was isolated from 8 of 30 (26.7%) dairy farms at various sampling times. A total of 415 fecal samples from cull dairy cows and 268 bulk tank milk samples were analyzed. Overall, 10 of 683 (1.46%) samples (2 of 268 [0.75%] milk samples and 8 of 415 [1.93%] fecal samples) tested positive for E. coli O157:H7. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual protocols were used for the conventional isolation and confirmation of E. coli O157:H7. Samples were shake cultured (150 rpm) at 42 degrees C for 24 h in tryptic soy broth containing 2 mg of novobiocin per liter. White colonies isolated on cefixime-tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar plates were evaluated for fluorescence on sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with 0.025 g of methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide per liter. Nonfluorescing white colonies were biochemically typed and serologically confirmed. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction profiles of E. coli O157:H7 isolates indicated the presence of common virulence factors (Shiga toxin, enterohemolysin, and intimin) of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, suggesting the potential human pathogenicity of bacterial isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of SpeI and XbaI restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA were used to establish relatedness among bacterial isolates. Data from this study indicate that both cull dairy cows and bulk tank milk pose a potential hazard with regard to human foodborne illness. It is therefore imperative to develop on-farm and preharvest pathogen reduction programs to control the carriage of E. coli O157:H7 pathogens.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Indústria de Laticínios , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Escherichia coli O157/genética , Escherichia coli O157/patogenicidade , Feminino , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Prevalência , Tennessee/epidemiologia , Virulência
9.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs ; 18(5): 363-9, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2795274

RESUMO

Perinatal nurses were surveyed to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and fears concerning AIDS. Nurses' knowledge correlated positively with attendance at conferences and in-service programs. More than 85% of the respondents reported moderate to high fear of AIDS. No correlation was found between knowledge and self-reported fear scores. A discrepancy occurred between the nurses' beliefs that persons with AIDS deserve the same care as any other patient and the nurses' willingness to volunteer to care for these patients. Further research to test and evaluate coping strategies to help perinatal nurses care for mothers and newborns with AIDS must be conducted.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Perinatologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Avaliação Educacional , Medo , Humanos , Apoio Social , Estados Unidos
10.
J Allied Health ; 17(3): 189-95, 1988 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3192484

RESUMO

The authors describe a continuum of collaborative interdisciplinary professional practice which can be used for teaching students in health care settings. Choices about the nature of interdisciplinary practice can be made not only on the imperatives of patient care but also on the interpersonal characteristics of health care providers as well as their needs for professional autonomy. This model can enable students to make clear career decisions about the types of interdisciplinary practice best suited to their interpersonal style and professional needs.


Assuntos
Ocupações em Saúde/educação , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Ensino/métodos , Estados Unidos
11.
J Anim Sci ; 92(4): 1331-42, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24243898

RESUMO

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of lipid extracted algae (LEA) on OM digestibility, N flow, and rumen fermentation. Six samples of LEA were evaluated representing 2 genus of microalgae (Nannochloropsis spp. [n = 3] or Chlorella spp. [n = 3]). Four dual-flow continuous flow fermenters (2,700 mL) were used in a Latin square design to evaluate LEA in forage or concentrate diets compared with soybean meal. Temperature (39 °C), pH, solid (5%/h) and liquid (10%/h) dilution rates, and feed schedule were maintained constant for all experiments. Each experimental period consisted of 6-d adaptation and 4-d sampling periods. There were 7 treatments consisting of 6 different samples of LEA and a soybean meal control (SOY). Diets for Exp.1 were formulated to be 13.0% CP (DM basis) using either soybean meal or LEA and met or exceeded the requirements of a nonpregnant and nonlactating beef cow (450 kg). The forage portion consisted of sorghum-sudan hay (6.4% CP and 46.2% TDN, DM basis) and alfalfa (26.1% CP and 82.3% TDN, DM basis). Concentrate diets used in Exp. 2 met or exceeded the nutrient requirements of a (400 kg) growing steer and contained 85% fine ground corn and included 7% (DM basis) soybean meal or LEA. Data were analyzed as mixed model considering the effect of each LEA compared with soybean meal. Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine the overall effect of LEA genus vs. SOY. True OM digestibility were not influenced by LEA addition to forage diets (P ≥ 0.08) but increased with Chlorella LEA addition to concentrate diets (P < 0.01) but not Nannochloropsis LEA. Degradation of N was greater for SOY with forage diets and LEA for concentrate diets (P < 0.0001). Total VFA production was greatest for SOY in forage diets and increased when LEA was added to concentrate diets (P < 0.0001). Microbial efficiency did not differ between SOY and LEA in forage diets (P ≤ 0.08). In concentrate diets Nannochloropsis decreased microbial efficiency (P < 0.01). Microbial efficiency results for Chlorella were more variable for Nannochloropsis with 1 Chlorella spp. increasing microbial efficiency by 36% over SOY (P < 0.05) and the other Chlorella spp. decreasing microbial efficiency by approximately 42% compared with SOY (P < 0.01). Overall, the results from both experiments are promising for LEA as a protein feedstuff in ruminant diets. Further research is necessary to fully understand the interactions and consequences of upstream processes and what role algal strain plays in LEA quality.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Lipídeos/química , Microalgas/química , Amido/química , Animais , Líquidos Corporais , Fermentação , Modelos Biológicos , Rúmen , Ruminantes/fisiologia
12.
J Anim Sci ; 92(4): 1738-46, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24663167

RESUMO

Cattle grazing dormant western rangelands may have a high ruminal acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) and may have low tissue clearance of acetate. Increasing propionate production could shift this ratio and improve animal performance. In Exp. 1, the effect of Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169 (PA) on forage digestibility and VFA production was evaluated in vitro using 2 substrates: 100% dormant warm-season grass extrusa and 50% sorghum-Sudan hay with 50% ground corn (DM basis). The objective of Exp. 2 was to evaluate the effect of PA or calcium propionate supplementation on digestibility, ruminal fermentation, acetate clearance, and BW change. Twelve 2-yr-old, pregnant Brangus heifers (BW = 416 ± 85 kg) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments. All cattle were fed a basal ration of Old World Bluestem hay (Bothriochloa ischaemum; 5.8% CP and 76.5% NDF, DM basis) at 1.5% BW from d -10 to d 49. Treatments included a protein supplement (CON; 36% CP and 35% RUP, DM basis; 454 g/animal fed twice daily), CON plus 6 × 10(10) cfu PA/animal (BACT), and CON plus 80 g calcium propionate (PROP). After initiation of treatments (d 0), rumen fluid was collected via oral lavage every 3 d and analyzed for VFA, pH, and ammonia. Glucogenic potential of treatments was evaluated with an acetate tolerance test on d 49. In Exp. 1, PA addition increased (IVDMD; P < 0.001) and total VFA (P < 0.001) of 100% dormant warm-season grass extrusa but not 50% sorghum-Sudan hay with 50% ground corn (P ≥ 0.28). The addition of P169 decreased (P < 0.001) acetate, increased propionate (P < 0.001), and decreased A:P ratio (P < 0.001) for both substrates. In Exp. 2, total tract OM and NDF digestibility and ruminal pH, total VFA, and acetate did not differ (P ≥ 0.13) among treatments. Propionate concentration was least (P = 0.001) for CON, intermediate for P169, and greatest for PROP. Conversely, A:P ratio was greatest (P < 0.004) for CON, intermediate for P169, and least for PROP. Acetate clearance did not differ (P = 0.69) among treatments. Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169 increased IVDMD and total VFA of low-quality forage. Supplementation with PA and calcium propionate salts increased propionate and decreased A:P in the rumen. Supplementation of PA represents a potential way to increase ruminal propionate concentration when dormant forages are fed.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Bovinos/fisiologia , Propionibacterium/fisiologia , Rúmen/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Fermentação , Poaceae , Gravidez
13.
J Anim Sci ; 95(4): 1845-1846, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28464094
14.
J Anim Sci ; 90(11): 4118-25, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22871941

RESUMO

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a secondary plant metabolite with antimicrobial properties, and therefore may have potential as a rumen modifier. Two in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the usefulness of NDGA as a rumen modifier. Exp. 1 evaluated the effect of adding 0, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL NDGA on growth of pure and mixed cultures of rumen bacteria. Growth of all cultures except Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H17c was inhibited at 50 mg/mL NDGA (P < 0.05). Cultures from whole rumen fluid and B. fibrisolvens H17c were inhibited with 100 mg/mL NDGA (P < 0.05). Exp. 2 evaluated additions of NDGA on IVDMD (48 h) and VFA production. Three dietary substrates simulating different resources available for livestock production and 5 concentrations of NDGA were compared with monensin (47.5 µg/mL, MON, Elanco Animal Health, Indianapolis, IN). Substrates included (DM basis) 100% meadow hay (H100), 50% alfalfa with 50% ground corn (H50), and 90% ground corn with 10% alfalfa (H10). Treatments were 0 (Control; CON), 20, 40, 60, 80 µg/mL NDGA and MON. Treatment means were compared using 2 single degree of freedom contrasts (0 µg/mL NDGA vs. MON and NDGA vs. MON) and orthogonal polynomial contrasts within NDGA concentrations. Monensin fermented with H100 had the least (P < 0.01) IVDMD. A linear increase in IVDMD was observed for H50 (P < 0.01) but not H10 or 100 (P > 0.40). Acetate was quadratic for all substrates tested with NDGA (P < 0.01) and adding NDGA vs. MON resulted in 9% greater values (P < 0.01). Propionate increased by addition of MON compared with CON, which was opposite for acetate. Propionate showed the greatest increase with addition of MON and was dependent on diet vs. CON (H100 vs.H50 vs. H10; 22.5%, 44.4%, and 30.2%, respectively). When H100 was used, total VFA declined linearly by 61% with increasing NDGA (P < 0.01), whereas H50 and H10 were quadratic (P < 0.01) with the greatest total VFA resulting from 40 and 80 mg/mL NDGA for H50 and H10, respectively. Addition of NDGA tended to decrease total VFA (P =0.06) for H100 and H10 by 18.5% and 9.0%, respectively; however, H50 did not differ (P = 0.82) compared with MON. Butyrate increased linearly with increasing NDGA for H10 (P < 0.03) and quadratic for H50 and H100 (P < 0.01). The lowest overall acetate:propionate ratio was obtained with addition of MON to H10 (1.35) and the greatest ratio resulted from adding 60 µg/mL NDGA to H100 (3.63). Rumen fermentation was responsive to NDGA, and the response is dependent on diet.


Assuntos
Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fermentação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase/farmacologia , Masoprocol/farmacologia , Rúmen/microbiologia , Animais , Fermentação/fisiologia , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase/química , Masoprocol/química , Estrutura Molecular
15.
J Anim Sci ; 94(8): 3135-3136, 2016 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27695809
16.
J Anim Sci ; 87(7): 2333-7, 2009 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19329475

RESUMO

A study was conducted to determine if sampling rumen contents via a ruminal cannula or oral lavage tube would yield similar denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the bacterial community. Two species of ruminally cannulated animals were used for this study (cattle, n = 2; sheep, n = 3). All animals were allowed ad libitum access to feed. Cattle were fed baled unprocessed sorghum-sudan hay (12% CP, 68% NDF; DM basis), whereas sheep were maintained on chopped alfalfa (18% CP, 40% NDF; DM basis). Ruminal fluid was collected (approximately 20 mL) once per week for 3 wk from each animal using a poly tube equipped with a suction strainer with a hand-held suction pump through the rumen cannula or oral cavity. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrates that yield of bacterial diversity was not different between the 2 sampling methods (P = 0.73). When samples were grouped according to band pattern similarity, groups were most stable according to individual animal and species rather than sampling method. Total VFA and molar proportions of individual VFA did not differ by sampling method (P > 0.40). Additionally, rumen ammonia concentrations were similar for both sampling methods (19.3 vs. 19.1 mM +/- 8.0 for cannula vs. lavage, respectively; P = 0.98). These data indicate that rumen samples collected via oral lavage or rumen cannula yield similar results. This knowledge will allow sample collection from a greater population of animals and an ability to maintain the value of research livestock that can be lost due to the surgical implantation of a ruminal cannula.


Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Bovinos/microbiologia , Rúmen/química , Rúmen/microbiologia , Ovinos/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bovinos/fisiologia , Feminino , Fermentação , Ovinos/fisiologia
17.
J Anim Sci ; 85(5): 1199-206, 2007 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17296774

RESUMO

The digestive responses and degradation of ergovaline and production of lysergic acid in the rumen of sheep offered Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue straw at 2 ergovaline levels were investigated. Six crossbred wethers (56 +/- 3.0 kg of BW) were used in a randomized crossover design involving 2 treatments, for a total of 6 observations per treatment. The experiment consisted of two 28-d feeding periods with a 14-d washout period between them. The treatments were 1) tall fescue straw containing <0.010 mg of ergovaline/kg (E-), and 2) tall fescue straw containing 0.610 mg of ergovaline/kg (E+). Feed, orts, and feces were measured and analyzed for DM, ADF, and CP, and used to determine digestibilities. Feed and water intake were monitored throughout the feeding periods. Body weight and serum prolactin levels were measured at the beginning and end of each feeding period. Ruminal fluid was sampled 3 times (d 0, 3, and 28) during each 28-d feeding period for determination of ergovaline, lysergic acid, ammonia, and pH. Samples were collected before feeding (0 h) and at 6 and 12 h after feeding. Total fecal and urine collection commenced on d 21 and continued until d 25 of each feeding period. Ruminal ammonia, ruminal pH, and rectal temperature were not influenced by ergovaline concentration (P > 0.10). Digestion of DM, ADF, and CP was not different between treatments (P > 0.10). Daily water intake was less for the E+ diet (2.95 vs. 2.77 L/d; P < 0.05) as was serum prolactin (22.9 vs. 6.4 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Ergovaline concentration in ruminal fluid increased over sampling days at each sampling time (P < 0.05). Lysergic acid concentration in ruminal fluid increased over time from d 0 to 3 (P < 0.05) but was not different between d 3 and 28 (P > 0.10). In the E+ treatment, ergovaline was not detectable in the urine, whereas the concentration in the feces was 0.480 mg/kg. Lysergic acid was detected in the diet of the E+ treatment at 0.041 g/kg, lysergic acid in the urine was 0.067 mg/kg and in the feces was 0.102 mg/kg. The apparent digestibility of the alkaloids was 64.2% for ergovaline and -12.5% for lysergic acid. Approximately 35% of dietary ergovaline and 248% of dietary lysergic acid were recovered in the feces and urine. The appearance of lysergic acid in the feces, urine, and ruminal fluid is likely due to microbial degradation of ergovaline in the rumen and further breakdown in the lower digestive tract.


Assuntos
Digestão/fisiologia , Ergotaminas/toxicidade , Fungos/fisiologia , Ácido Lisérgico/toxicidade , Poaceae/microbiologia , Ovinos/fisiologia , Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Estudos Cross-Over , Dieta/veterinária , Ergotaminas/química , Ergotaminas/metabolismo , Ácido Lisérgico/química , Ácido Lisérgico/metabolismo , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular
18.
N Z Vet J ; 54(4): 178-84, 2006 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16915339

RESUMO

AIM: To determine the amount of ergovaline and lysergic acid retained or excreted by geldings fed endophyte-infected seed containing known concentrations of these alkaloids, and the effects of exposure time on clinical expression of toxicosis. METHODS: Mature geldings (n=10) received diets containing either endophyte-free (E-) or endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue seed during three experimental phases. The first phase (Days -14 to -1) was an adaptation phase, to allow all horses to adapt to a diet containing E- tall fescue seed. The second (Days 0 to 3) was the initial exposure phase to E+ tall fescue seed, used for the delivery of ergovaline and lysergic acid at 0.5 and 0.3 mg/kg of diet, respectively, to test the initial effects of exposure on routes and amounts of elimination of alkaloid. During this phase, half the geldings were exposed to an E+ diet while the rest served as controls by remaining on the E- diet. Once assigned to treatments, geldings remained on the same diet through the third phase (Days 4 to 21), which served as the extended exposure phase. Total outputs of faeces and urine were collected within each phase, to determine retention of ergovaline and lysergic acid and nutrient digestibility. Serum was collected weekly and analysed for activities of enzymes and concentrations of prolactin. Bodyweights (BW) and rectal temperatures were recorded weekly. RESULTS: BW, rectal temperature, enzyme activities and concentrations of prolactin in serum, and nutrient digestibility were not affected by treatment. Total intake of ergovaline by geldings on the E+ diet was 3.5 and 3.6 (SE 0.20) mg/day, and 2.1 and 2.3 (SE 0.11) mg/day were not accounted for in initial and extended phases, respectively. Lysergic acid was excreted in the urine (4.0 and 4.9 (SE 0.97) mg/day) and faeces (2.5 and 2.7 (SE 0.35) mg/day) at greater amounts than that consumed (2.0 and 1.9 (SE 0.09) mg/day) during the initial and extended exposure phases, respectively. Animals exposed to E+ seed for a period of 20 days appeared to excrete more (1.5 vs 1.2 mg/day; SE 0.08; p=0.03) ergovaline in the faeces than those exposed for only 4 days. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure time to the ergot alkaloids had a limited effect on the route of elimination or the amounts of ergovaline or lysergic acid excreted by horses. The primary alkaloid excreted was lysergic acid, and urine was the major route of elimination. These data will aid future research to improve animals' tolerance to toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/microbiologia , Ergotaminas/metabolismo , Cavalos/metabolismo , Ácido Lisérgico/metabolismo , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Digestão , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ergotaminas/sangue , Ergotaminas/urina , Fezes/química , Contaminação de Alimentos , Cavalos/sangue , Cavalos/urina , Hypocreales/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácido Lisérgico/sangue , Ácido Lisérgico/urina , Masculino , Poaceae/microbiologia , Prolactina/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de Tempo , Urinálise/veterinária
19.
Can J Microbiol ; 51(6): 455-65, 2005 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16121223

RESUMO

Members of a consortium of bacteria, isolated from the rumen of sheep, that degrades pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) found in tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) were characterized. An enrichment of ruminal bacteria was isolated from a sample of ruminal fluid using standard anaerobic techniques. The PA degradative capacity of the enrichment was tested by spiking purified PA extract from tansy ragwort. Length heterogeneity analysis by PCR (LH-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to identify members of the consortium. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene revealed differing results based on the molecular method used. LH-PCR identified 7 different organisms in 3 groups while RFLP identified 6 organisms with differing banding patterns in 5 groups. After the phylogenetic analyses of both methods were combined, the combined isolates represented 6 groups. The majority of the members of this consortium are <97.0% homologous with known bacteria, indicating this consortium may contain novel organisms able to detoxify PAs found in tansy ragwort. Further understanding of the metabolic pathways used by this consortium to degrade PAs could lead to the use of the consortium as a probiotic therapy for livestock and horses afflicted with tansy ragwort toxicosis.


Assuntos
Bactérias Anaeróbias/classificação , Bactérias Anaeróbias/metabolismo , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/metabolismo , Ovinos/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias Anaeróbias/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , RNA Bacteriano/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Rúmen/microbiologia , Senécio/química , Especificidade da Espécie
20.
Photosynth Res ; 6(2): 193-9, 1985 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24442878

RESUMO

We have raised polyclonal antibodies against an oxygen-evolving photosystem II preparation. Western Blot analysis of the whole serum revaals antibodies specific for at least 15 Coomassie visible bands ranging from 59 to 11 kDa. These antibodies are specific for proteins located on both sides of the membrane. Included are antibodies specific for Tris-removable peptides (33, 25 and 18 kda), which are thought to be exposed on the lumen surface of the PS II complex. Since the whole serum agglutinates thylakoids, antibodies specific for the stroma side of the PS II complex are also present. A sub-population of antibodies can be isolated by allowing the antibodies in whole serum to bind to EDTA-treated thylakoid membranes. The antibodies which specifically bind are cross-reactive with peptides with Mr of 59, 57, 34, 28, 27, 26, and 23 kDa. Our data indicate that these peptides have antigenic determinants exposed on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane.

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