Assessing the Quality of Life of Parents of Children With Disabilities Using WHOQoL BREF During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Caring for a child with disabilities is a challenging journey, as the parents must meet greater demands when compared with the parents of children without disabilities. Looking after a child with disablities requires additional financial, social, emotional, and physical resources. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made this even more challenging and impacted the quality of life of parents of children with disabilities. Methods: The study was an analytical cross-sectional design with two comparison groups: parents of children with developmental disabilities and parents of children without disabilities. The Urdu version of the WHO Quality of Life Measure Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure the quality of life (QoL) among parents. Sociodemographic data were also obtained from the parents. Results: Parents of children with disabilities had lower overall scores when different domains of QoL were considered (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) using WHOQoL-BREF. Statistically significant differences were observed in the physical and environmental domains of parental QoL.

Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical profile of pediatric patients with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2014 to October 2017. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective review of medical records of all children aged 1 month to 16 years admitted with diagnosis of ANE was done. Diagnosis was based on the criteria of ANE described by Mizuguchi et al. the clinical profile, management and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: There were 17 patients. The mean age at presentation was 55.47 ± 59.13 months. The most common presentation was fever with altered consciousness and seizures. The mean length of stay was 11.7 ± 5.6 days. Viral etiology was established in three children. The managements of the patients were symptomatic and supportive; the combination of antibiotics, antivirals and anticonvulsants was the most frequently used regimen. Eleven out of seventeen (65%) patients required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation; while others were managed in the special care unit. Three (17.6%) children died during the stay; while 10 (58.8%) children developed severe morbidity in the form of neurodevelopmental sequelae. CONCLUSION: The devastating outcome of ANE seemed to occur with increasing severity at the time of initial presentation; and the use of antivirals and immunomodulation did not alter the course of disease.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - current perspectives.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. It usually occurs 7-10 years after measles infection. The clinical course is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and behavior changes followed by focal or generalized seizures as well as myoclonus, ataxia, visual disturbance, and later vegetative state, eventually leading to death. It is diagnosed on the basis of Dyken's criteria. There is no known cure for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis to date, but it is preventable by ensuring that an effective vaccine program for measles is made compulsory for all children younger than 5 years in endemic countries.