A highly selective and sensitive rhodamine B-based chemosensor for Sn4+ in water-bearing and biomaging and biosensing in zebrafish.

A novel colorimetric-fluorescent dual-mode chemosensor (JT5) based on rhodamine B has been produced for monitoring Sn4+ in the DMSO/H2O (4:1, v/v) medium. It has high sensitivity, a low detection limit, a short response time (1 s) and high stability, and can still be maintained after two weeks with the red dual fluorescence/ colorimetric response. Enhancement of red fluorescence (591 nm) and red colorimetric (567 nm) response of JT5 by Sn4+ addition. The electrostatic potential of the sensor JT5 molecule was simulated to speculate on the sensing mechanism, and the IR, mass spectrometry and 1H NMR titration were utilized to further demonstrate that JT5 was coordinated to Sn4+ with a 1:1 type, the rhodamine spironolactam ring of JT5 opens up to form a penta-membered ring with Sn4+, meanwhile, its system may have chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect. In addition, theoretical calculations were carried out to give the energy gaps of JT5 and [JT5 + Sn4+] as well as to simulate the electronic properties of the maximal absorption peaks. Notably, the sensor JT5 was successfully applied to monitoring Sn4+ in zebrafish, and the JT5-loaded filter paper provided a solid-state platform for detecting Sn4+ by both naked eye and fluorescent methods. In summary, this work contributes to monitoring Sn4+ in organisms and solid-state materials and promotes understanding of Sn4+ functions in biological systems, environments, and solid-state materials.

External Versus Internal Pancreatic Duct Drainage for the Early Efficacy After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Retrospectively Comparative Study.

PURPOSE: To compare the early efficacy of external versus internal pancreatic duct drainage after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), providing clinical evidence for selecting the optimal approach to pancreatic duct drainage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical data of 395 consecutive patients undergoing PD from 2006 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were divided into external and internal drainage group. Intraoperative blood loss, surgery duration, postoperative hospitalization duration, mortality rate, PF, and other complications were compared between the two groups. The perioperative relative risk factors that might induce PF were analyzed. RESULTS: External drainage significantly reduced the incidences of post-PD PF, delayed gastric emptying, abdominal infection, bowel obstruction, overall complications, and shortened the healing time of PF (p < .05). The univariate analysis showed that the pancreatic duct drainage method, body mass index (BMI), preoperative serum bilirubin level, perioperative blood transfusion, pancreaticojejunostomy approach, pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter, and primary disease differed markedly between the two groups (p < .05). A multivariate analysis revealed that BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2), internal pancreatic duct drainage, pancreatic duct diameter <3 mm, soft pancreatic texture, and ampullary disease were independent risk factors for PF. CONCLUSIONS: External pancreatic duct drainage can effectively reduce the morbidity of PF and overall complications after PD.

Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Aggressive Pancreatic Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via the Stimulation of Autophagy.

Recently, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has emerged as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with the worst prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is increased in pancreatic cancer and is identified as a diagnostic biomarker. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism of elevated MALAT1 levels and tumor aggressiveness remains unknown. In this study, MALAT1 was found to be highly expressed in PDAC tissues, and elevated expression was associated with poorer prognoses. In addition, MALAT1 was positively linearly correlated with the expression of LC3B mRNA. Furthermore, several molecules involved in cellular autophagic flux were modulated following the downregulation of MALAT1, including LC3, P62, and LAMP-2. Mechanistically, we found that MALAT1 interacted with RNA binding protein HuR, and silencing of MALAT1 greatly enhanced the posttranscriptional regulation of TIA-1 and had further effects on inhibiting autophagy. MALAT1 was speculated to regulate tumorigenesis via HuR-TIA-1-mediated autophagic activation. Hence, we investigated the biological properties of MALAT1 in terms of tumor proliferation and metastasis by promoting autophagy in vitro In brief, these data demonstrate that MALAT1 could facilitate the advanced progression of tumors in vivo Our study highlights the new roles of MALAT1 on protumorigenic functioning and anticancer therapy via activating autophagy in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2232-43. ©2016 AACR.

Plasma and tumor levels of Linc-pint are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer.

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, p53 induced transcript (Linc-pint) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that regulates tumor cell viability and proliferation. We used qRT-PCR and RNA FISH analysis to evaluate Linc-pint levels in the plasma and tumor tissues of pancreatic cancer (PCa) patients. Our data demonstrate that Linc-pint expression is lower in plasma samples from PCa patients than from healthy individuals, and indicate that plasma Linc-pint levels are more sensitive than CA19-9 for detecting PCa. Our data also show that Linc-pint levels are lower in PCa tumors than in adjacent tissues, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (CAV) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and suggest that Linc-pint could be used for distinguishing the cause of malignant obstructive jaundice. Low plasma Linc-pint levels correlate with tumor recurrence, while low tumor Linc-pint levels correlate with poor prognosis for PCa patients after pancreatectomy. These results thus indicate that low plasma Linc-pint expression could serve as a minimally invasive biomarker for early PCa detection, and that low Linc-pint levels in PCa tumors could be used for predicting patient prognosis.

[The research on the law of greenhouse gases emission from warm temperate forest soils in Beijing region].

In situ measurements by closed chamber technique were done to investigate the law of greenhouse gases (Methane, carbon dioxide and Nitrous Oxide) fluxes emission from different warm temperate forest soils (Broad-leaved forest, Form. Quercus liaotungensis and Form. Pinus tabulae) of Dongling mountain in Beijing region. Results show that the all representative types forest soils were sink of CH4 and source of CO2 and N2O. Different type of vegetables and soils result of different fluxes range of the main greenhouse gases. The fluxes range of CH4, CO2 and N2O emission from the three types forest soils were: 42-103 micrograms/(m2.h), 15-344 mg/(m2.h) and -61-101 micrograms/(m2.h); 13-182 micrograms CH4/m2.h, 23-380 mg/(m2.h) and -15-183 micrograms/(m2.h); 12-128 ug CH4/m2.h, 15-292 mg/(m2.h) and -94-153 micrograms/(m2.h); respectively. The mean fluxes of CH4, CO2 and N2O emission from the three types forest soils during the observation period were: -66 micrograms/(m2.h), 145 mg/(m2.h) and 22 micrograms/(m2.h); -67 micrograms/(m2.h), 146 mg/(m2.h) and 45 micrograms/(m2.h); -79 micrograms/(m2.h), 150 mg/(m2.h) and 31 micrograms/(m2.h), respectively. The total amounts of CH4 CO2 and N2O emission from the three types forest soils were -5.34 kg/(hm2.a), 13.9 Mg/(hm2.a) and 2.58 kg/(hm2.a); -6.20 kg/(hm2.a), 14.07 Mg/(hm2.a) and 4.19 kg/(hm2.a); -6.85 kg/(hm2.a), 15.71 Mg/(hm2.a) and 4.30 kg/(hm2.a), respectively.