Structures of multinuclear U(VI) species on the hydroxylated α-SiO2(001) surface: insights from DFT calculations.

Multinuclear U(VI) species may be dominant in aqueous solutions under environmental conditions, while the structures of the multinuclear U(VI) species on mineral surfaces remain unclear. This work reports the structural and bonding properties of the possible surface complexes of three aqueous multinuclear U(VI) species, i.e., (UO2)2(OH)3+, (UO2)2(OH)22+ and (UO2)3(O)(OH)3+, on the hydroxylated α-SiO2(001) surface based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that (UO2)2(OH)22+ and (UO2)3(O)(OH)3+ tend to form end-on structures at SiO(H)SiO(H) sites, whereas (UO2)2(OH)3+ prefers a side-on structure at SiO(H)O(H)-SiO(H)O(H) sites. The main driving forces for the formation of the multinuclear U(VI) surface complexes are electrostatic interactions and partially covalent chemical bonds. The Os-2p orbital hybridizes strongly with U-5f and U-6d orbitals, with a decreasing binding strength in the sequence of (UO2)2(OH)3+ > (UO2)2(OH)22+ > (UO2)3(O)(OH)3+ for the adsorption at the same type of surface sites. For the adsorption of the same multinuclear U(VI) species, the binding energy increases with the deprotonation extent of the identical sites. In addition, hydrogen bonds between surface hydroxyls and coordination waters as well as the acyl oxygen of uranyl moieties contribute to the formation of the multinuclear U(VI) surface complexes. The U-5f electron delocalization of far-side U atoms in the end-on structures of (UO2)2(OH)22+ and (UO2)3(O)(OH)3+ surface complexes also contributes slightly to the overall binding energy. Overall, this study provides insights into the adsorption behavior of multinuclear U(VI) on silica.

Rational design of small-molecules to recognize G-quadruplexes of c-MYC promoter and telomere and the evaluation of their in vivo antitumor activity against breast cancer.

DNA G4-structures from human c-MYC promoter and telomere are considered as important drug targets; however, the developing of small-molecule-based fluorescent binding ligands that are highly selective in targeting these G4-structures over other types of nucleic acids is challenging. We herein report a new approach of designing small molecules based on a non-selective thiazole orange scaffold to provide two-directional and multi-site interactions with flanking residues and loops of the G4-motif for better selectivity. The ligands are designed to establish multi-site interactions in the G4-binding pocket. This structural feature may render the molecules higher selectivity toward c-MYC G4s than other structures. The ligand-G4 interaction studied with 1H NMR may suggest a stacking interaction with the terminal G-tetrad. Moreover, the intracellular co-localization study with BG4 and cellular competition experiments with BRACO-19 may suggest that the binding targets of the ligands in cells are most probably G4-structures. Furthermore, the ligands that either preferentially bind to c-MYC promoter or telomeric G4s are able to downregulate markedly the c-MYC and hTERT gene expression in MCF-7 cells, and induce senescence and DNA damage to cancer cells. The in vivo antitumor activity of the ligands in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice is also demonstrated.

Advantages of edaravone dextrosanol in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction versus edaravone: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the application advantages of Edaravone and Edaravone Dextrosanol in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 113 elderly AIS patients admitted to our hospital between January 2022 and January 2023 was conducted. Based on the treatment interventions received, patients were divided into a control group (n = 56) and an observation group (n = 57). The control group received Edaravone in addition to routine treatment, while the observation group received Edaravone Dextrosanol in addition to routine treatment. compared clinical outcomes, motor and neurological function, self-care ability, neural damage indicators, inflammatory markers, and adverse reactions between the two groups. RESULTS: ① Total effective rate in the observation group (91.23%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (75.00%) (p < 0.05). ② After treatment, higher FMA and Barthel scores, lower NDS score in observation group vs control group (p < 0.05). ③ After treatment, lower NSE and MMP-9 levels in observation group vs control group (p < 0.05). ④ After treatment, lower IL-1ß, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels in observation group vs control group (p < 0.05). ⑤ No significant difference in adverse reaction incidence between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Edaravone Dextrosanol proves effective in treating elderly AIS patients. Compared to Edaravone, it boosts effectiveness, neurological recovery, motor & self-care abilities, and reduces neural damage & inflammation markers. Its safety profile is comparable to Edaravone, without significantly increasing adverse reactions. These findings suggest that Edaravone Dextrosanol is worthy of clinical promotion.

Programmable Thermo-Responsive Actuation of Hydrogels via Light-Guided Surface Growth of Active Layers on Shape Memory Substrates.

Hydrogel shape memory and actuating functionalities are heavily pursued and have found great potential in various application fields. However, their combination for more flexible and complicated morphing behaviors is still challenging. Herein, it is reported that by controlling the light-initiated polymerization of active hydrogel layers on shape memory hydrogel substrates, advanced morphing behaviors based on programmable hydrogel shapes and actuating trajectories are realized. The formation and photo-reduction-induced dissociation of Fe3+ -carboxylate coordination endow the hydrogel substrates with the shape memory functionality. The photo-reduced Fe2+ ions can diffuse from the substrates into the monomer solutions to initiate the polymerization of the thermally responsive active layers, whose actuating temperatures and amplitudes can be facially tuned by controlling their thicknesses and compositions. One potential application, a shape-programmable 3D hook that can lift an object with a specific shape, is also unveiled. The demonstrated strategy is extendable to other hydrogel systems to realize more versatile and complicated actuating behaviors.

The associations between benevolent leadership, affective commitment, work engagement and helping behavior of nurses: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Benevolent leadership is common in organizations, including hospitals, and is known to have positive effects on employees. Yet, nursing literature lacks sufficient research on its relationships with nurses' behavior. METHODS: In March to April 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out involving 320 nurses employed across various hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Benevolent leadership, affective commitment, work engagement, and helping behavior were evaluated using the Benevolent Leadership Scale, Affective Commitment Scale, Work Engagement Scale, and Helping Behavior Questionnaire, respectively. The study employed structural equation model and the bootstrap method to investigate the proposed relationships. RESULTS: The SEM analysis results indicated a positive association between benevolent leadership and several outcomes among nurses. Specifically, benevolent leadership was found to be positively associated with nurses' affective commitment (ß = 0.58, p < .001), work engagement (ß = 0.02, p < .001), and helping behavior (ß = 0.17, p = .001). Additionally, there was a significant indirect effect between benevolent leadership and nurses' work engagement through affective commitment (ß = 0.08, p = .007) as well as between benevolent leadership and helping behavior through affective commitment (ß = 0.16, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study's findings emphasize the crucial role of benevolent leadership in fostering nurses' positive attitudes and behaviors in the workplace. Hospital administrators could promote the benevolent leadership of head nurses to enhance nurses' affective commitment, work engagement, and helping behaviors.

[Contamination status and exposure risk of mycotoxins in Coicis Semen].

By investigating the contamination status and predicting the exposure risk of mycotoxin in Coicis Semen, we aim to provide guidance for the safety supervision of Chinese medicinal materials and the formulation(revision) of mycotoxin limit standards. The content of 14 mycotoxins in the 100 Coicis Semen samples collected from five major markets of Chinese medicinal materials in China was determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The probability evaluation model based on Monte Carlo simulation method was established after Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA of the sample contamination data. Health risk assessment was performed on the basis of margin of exposure(MOE) and margin of safety(MOS). The results showed that zearalenone(ZEN), aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1), deoxynivalenol(DON), sterigmatocystin(ST), and aflatoxin B_2(AFB_2) in the Coicis Semen samples had the detection rates of 84%, 75%, 36%, 19%, and 18%, and the mean contamination levels of 117.42, 4.78, 61.16, 6.61, and 2.13 µg·kg~(-1), respectively. According to the limit standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), AFB_1, AFs and ZEN exceeded the standards to certain extents, with the over-standard rates of 12.0%, 9.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The exposure risks of Coicis Semen to AFB_1, AFB2, ST, DON, and ZEN were low, while 86% of the samples were contaminated with two or more toxins, which needs more attention. It is suggested that the research on the combined toxicity of different mycotoxins should be strengthened to accelerate the cumulative exposure assessment of mixed contaminations and the formulation(revision) of toxin limit standards.

Correction: Non-peptide compounds from Kronopolites svenhedini (Verhoeff) and their antitumor and iNOS inhibitory activities.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.59.].

Non-peptide compounds from Kronopolites svenhedini (Verhoeff) and their antitumor and iNOS inhibitory activities.

Six new compounds, including a tetralone 1, two xanthones 2 and 3, a flavan derivative 4, and two nor-diterpenoids 7 and 8, accompanied by two known flavan derivatives 5 and 6 and a known olefine acid (9) were isolated from whole bodies of Kronopolites svenhedini (Verhoeff). The structures of the new compounds were determined by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and other spectroscopic methods, as well as computational methods. Selected compounds were evaluated for their biological properties against a mouse pancreatic cancer cell line and inhibitory effects on iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells.

Advantages of McKeown minimally invasive oesophagectomy for the treatment of oesophageal cancer: propensity score matching analysis of 169 cases.

BACKGROUND: Oesophagectomy, the gold standard for oesophageal cancer treatment, causes significantly high morbidity and mortality. McKeown minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIE) is preferred for treating oesophageal malignancies; however, limited studies with large sample sizes focusing on the surgical and oncological outcomes of this procedure have been reported. We aimed to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of McKeown MIE with those of open oesophagectomy (OE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Overall, 338 oesophageal cancer patients matched by gender, age, location, size, and T and N stages (McKeown MIE: 169 vs OE: 169) were analysed. The clinicopathologic features, operational factors, postoperative complications, and prognoses were compared between the groups. RESULTS: McKeown MIE resulted in less bleeding (200 mL vs 300 mL, p<0.01), longer operation time (335.0 h vs 240.0 h, p<0.01), and higher number of harvested lymph nodes (22 vs 9, p<0.01) than OE did. Although the rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in the two groups was not significantly different, incidence of anastomotic leakage (8 vs 24, p=0.003) was significantly lower in the McKeown MIE group. In addition, patients who underwent McKeown MIE had higher 5-year overall survival than those who underwent OE (69.9% vs 40.4%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: McKeown MIE is proved to be feasible and safe to achieve better surgical and oncological outcomes for oesophageal cancer compared with OE.

Clinical observation of ranibizumab combined with surgery in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma with vitreous hemorrhage.

PURPOSE: The aim was to explore the clinical efficacy of ranibizumab combined with surgical treatment of neovascular glaucoma with vitreous hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 15 patients (17 affected eyes) who had neovascular glaucoma (NVG) with vitreous hemorrhage in our hospital were enrolled. After admission, the patient was given levofloxacin eye drops, 4 times a day. Three days later, the patients received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. Then, trabeculectomy and vitrectomy were performed. The detailed clinical data, such as type of diseases, intraocular pressure (IOP), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), were collected before and after surgery. RESULTS: Visual acuity remained stable or improved in thirteen effected eyes and decreased in effected three eyes. Within 30 days after discharge, one effected eye recurred iris neovascularization with slightly higher IOP; then, the patient received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab again and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) therapy. One patient (one effected eye) was given intravitreal ranibizumab injection again because of uncontrollable IOP and recurrence of neovascularization on iris surface and angle after operation; then, the patient received cyclophotocoagulation. Vitreous cavity hemorrhage occurred again in 3 patients after operation; then, these patients received the vitreous cavity lavage again. After trabeculectomy, inflammatory exudation or a small amount of bleeding could be seen in the anterior chamber of 6 young patients. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab can effectively promote the rapid regression of intraocular neovascularization and help to control the IOP and improve postoperative visual acuity.

[Mechanism of Guanxinning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice based on transcriptomic analysis].

Guanxinning, a modern Chinese medicine preparation composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma, has the activities of activating blood circulation, resolving blood stasis, dredging vessels, and nourishing the heart. Clinical studies have demonstrated that Guanxinning has therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke, while the specific mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study, the potential mechanism of Guanxinning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice was explored and then verified in vitro. The mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established with middle cerebral artery embolization(MCAO) method. The pharmacological effects of Guanxinning on the model mice were investigated based on neurological function score, cerebral infarction area, pathological morphology, neuron injury, and apoptosis. The results showed that Guanxinning lowered neurological functional score, reduced cerebral infarction area, and ameliorated the histopathological morphology, neuronal damage, and apoptosis in the model mice. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissues and subjected to RNA sequencing(RNA-seq). The differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were screened with the thresholds of ■. GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the 297 common DEGs, which indicated that Guanxinning may regulate the inflammatory response, oxidative stress response, energy metabolism, and apoptosis to treat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Guanxinning exerted protective effect through inhibiting inflammation and reducing oxidative stress in hypoxia/reoxygenation injured SH-SY5 Y cells. Furthermore, Western blot indicated that Guanxinning down-regulated the protein levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK and up-regulated those of PPARγ and PGC-1α. The findings suggested that Guanxinning may inhibit inflammation and reduce oxidative stress by suppressing TNF signaling pathway and activating PPAR signaling pathway, thereby exerting the therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. This study preliminarily reveals the mechanism of Guanxinning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and provides a basis for clinical application of Guanxinning.

[Effects of Angong Niuhuang Pills against heart failure based on cross-scale polypharmacological study].

Angong Niuhuang Pills(AGNHP) are effective in clearing heat, removing the toxin, and eliminating phlegm for resuscitation. Clinically, it is widely used to treat various diseases such as febrile convulsion due to heat attacking pericardium, but its therapeutic effects on heart failure(HF) have not been well recognized. In this study, the profiles of differential metabolites regulated by AGNHP were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The underlying mechanism of AGNHP against HF was illustrated based on the integrated analysis of pharmacological data and metabolic molecular network. The HF model was induced by isoproterenol in mice. After oral administration of AGNHP for one week, cardiac functions in HF mice were evaluated by echocardiography, and serum samples of mice were collected for metabolomics analysis. Eight differential metabolites of AGNHP against HF were screened out through partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) and input into MetaboAnalyst for the analysis of metabolic pathways. Moreover, the critical metabolic pathways regulated by AGNHP were enriched according to the potential targets of major compounds in AGNHP. After AGNHP treatment, the recovered index of relative content of some metabolites underwent cross-scale fusion analysis with therapeutic efficacy data, followed by "compound-reaction-enzyme-gene" network analysis. It is inferred that the anti-HF effects of AGNHP may be attributed to the metabolism of arachidonic acid, amino acid, glycerophospholipid, and linoleic acid. The cross-scale polypharmacological analysis method developed in this study provides a new method to interpret scientific principles of AGNHP against HF with modern technologies.

[Thoughts and suggestions on ecological cultivation of Gastrodia elata].

Due to the special biological characteristics, Gastrodia elata suffers from high resource consumption and low utilization rate in modern agricultural production, which significantly block the green and healthy development of this industry. Based on the theory and technology in ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, this study analyzed the challenges in ecological cultivation of G. elata, such as waste of fungus material, a few cultivation modes available, continuous cropping obstacles, frequent occurrence of diseases, and poor stability of ecological structure. According to the production practice, the following suggestions were proposed for ecological cultivation of G. elata: following the principle of environmental protection and no pollution, selecting suitable habitats to yield high-quality medicinal materials, committing to green control of diseases and pests, upgrading industrial structure to maximize the benefits, establishing a sound mechanism for protecting the genetic diversity of wild G. elata, carrying out simulative habitat cultivation to improve medicinal material quality, adopting science-based planning of fungus resources to relieve forestry pressure, enhancing the recycling and utilization of fungus materials, and applying diversified cultivation modes to improve the stability of ecological structure. The result is expected to provide a reference for the quality development of G. elata industry.

[Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity research of brown rot pathogens from Gastrodia elata].

Brown rot is a common disease in the cultivation and production of Gastrodia elata, but its pathogens have not been fully revealed. In this study, the pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified from tubers of 77 G. elata samples with brown rot. Pathogens were identified by the pathogenicity test and morphological and molecular identification. The pathogenicity of each pathogen and its inhibitory effects on Armillaria gallica were compared. The results showed that 119 strains of fungi were isolated from tubers of G. elata infected with brown rot. Among them, the frequency of separation of Ilyonectria fungi was as high as 42.01%. The pathogenicity test showed that the pathogenicity characteristics of six strains of fungi were consistent with the natural symptoms of brown rot in G. elata. The morphological and molecular identification results showed that the six strains belonged to I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta in the Nectriaceae family of Sordariomycetes class, respectively. Both types of fungi could produce pigments, conidia, and chlamycospore, and the growth rate of I. cyclaminicola was significantly higher than that of I. robusta. The comparison of pathogenicity showed that the spots formed by I. cyclaminicola inoculation were significantly larger than those of I. robusta inoculation, suggesting I. cyclaminicola was superior to I. robusta in pathogenicity. The results of confrontation culture showed that I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta could signi-ficantly inhibit the germination and cordage growth of A. gallica. A. gallica also inhibited the growth of pathogens, and I. cyclaminicola was less inhibited as compared with I. robusta. The results of this study revealed for the first time that I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta were the pathogens responsible for G. elata brown rot.

[Resistance of different ecotypes of Gastrodia elata to tuber rot].

Tuber rot has become a serious problem in the large-scale cultivation of Gastrodia elata. In this study, we compared the resistance of different ecotypes of G. elata to tuber rot by field experiments on the basis of the investigation of G. elata diseases. The histological observation and transcriptome analysis were conducted to reveal the resistance differences and the underlying mechanisms among different ecotypes. In the field, G. elata f. glauca had the highest incidence of tuber rot, followed by G. elata f. viridis, and G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca×G. elata f. elata showed the lowest incidence. Tuber rot showcased obvious plant source specificity and mainly occurred in the buds and bottom of G. elata plants. After infection, the pathogen spread hyphae in host cortex cells, which can change the endophytic fungal community structure in the cortex and parenchyma of G. elata. G. elata f. glauca had thinner lytic layer and more sugar lumps in the parenchyma than G. elata f. elata. The transcription of genes involved in immune defense, enzyme synthesis, polysaccharide synthesis, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, hydroxylase activity, and aromatic compound synthesis had significant differences between G. elata f. glauca and G. elata f. elata. These findings suggested that the differences in resis-tance to tuber rot among different ecotypes of G. elata may be related to the varied gene expression patterns and secondary metabolites. This study provides basic data for the prevention and control of tuber rot and the improvement of planting technology for G. elata.

[Correlation analysis between continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata and Ilyonectria fungi and relieving strategy].

The continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata is outstanding, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, microbial changes in soils after G. elata planting were investigated to explore the mechanism correlated with continuous cropping obstacle. The changes of species and abundance of fungi and bacteria in soils planted with G. elata after 1, 2, and 3 years were compared. The pathogenic fungi that might cause continuous cropping diseases of G. elata were isolated. Finally, the prevention and control measures of soil-borne fungal diseases of G. elata were investigated with the rotation planting pattern of "G. elata-Phallus impudicus". The results showed that G. elata planting resulted in the decrease in bacterial and fungal community stability and the increase in harmful fungus species and abundance in soils. This change was most obvious in the second year after G. elata planting, and the soil microbial community structure could not return to the normal level even if it was left idle for another two years. After G. elata planting in soils, the most significant change was observed in Ilyonectria cyclaminicola. The richness of the Ilyonectria fungus in soils was significantly positively correlated with the incidence of G. elata diseases. When I. cyclaminicola was inoculated in the sterile soil, the rot rate of G. elata was also significantly increased. After planting one crop of G. elata and one to three crops of P. impudicus, the fungus community structure in soils gradually recovered, and the abundance of I. cyclaminicola decreased year by year. Furthermore, the disease rate of G. elata decreased. The results showed that the cultivation of G. elata made the Ilyonectria fungi the dominant flora in soils, and I. cyclaminicola served as the main pathogen of continuous cropping diseases of G. elata, which could be reduced by rotation planting with P. impudicus.

[Utilization of used fungus-growing materials of Gastrodia elata].

This study aims to explore the resource utilization of used fungus-growing materials produced in the cultivation of Gastrodia elata. To be specific, based on the production practice, this study investigated the recycling mechanism of used fungus-growing materials of G. elata by Phallus inpudicus. To screen edible fungi with wide adaptability, this study examined the allelopathic effects of Armillaria mellea secretions on P. impudicus and 6 kinds of large edible fungi and the activities of enzymes related to degradation of the used fungus-growing materials of G. elata. The results showed that P. impudicus can effectively degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in used fungus-growing materials of G. elata. The cellulase activity of A. mellea was significantly higher than that of P. impudicus, and the activities of lignin peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and xylanase of P. impudicus were significantly higher than those of A. mellea, which was the important reason why A. mellea and P. impudicus used different parts and components of the used fungus-growing materials to absorb carbon sources and develop ecological niche differences. The growth of P. impudicus was significantly inhibited on the used fungus-growing materials of G. elata. The secretions of A. mellea had allelopathic effects on P. impudicus and other edible fungi, and the allelopathic effects were related to the concentration of allelopathy substances. The screening result showed that the growth and development of L. edodes and A. auricular were not significantly affected by 30% of A. mellea liquid, indicating that they had high resistance to the allelopathy of A. mellea. The results showed that the activities of extracellular lignin peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and xylanase of the two edible fungi were similar to those of P. impudicus, and the cellulase activity was higher than that of P. impudicus. This experiment can be further verified by small-scale production tests.

[Construction of protoplast genetic transformation system for Mycena--symbiont of Gastrodia elata].

Mycena, a symbiont of Gastrodia elata, promotes seed germination of G. elata and plays a crucial role in the sexual reproduction of G. elata. However, the lack of genetic transformation system of Mycena blocks the research on the interaction mechanism of the two. In order to establish the protoplast transformation system of Mycena, this study analyzed the protoplast enzymatic hydrolysis system, screened the resistance markers and regeneration medium, and explored the transient transformation. After hydrolysis of Mycena hyphae with complexes enzymes for 8 h and centrifugation at 4 000 r·min~(-1), high-concentration and quality protoplast was obtained. The optimum regeneration medium for Mycena was RMV, and the optimum resistance marker was 50 mg·mL~(-1) hygromycin. The pLH-HygB-HuSHXG-GFP-HdSHXG was transformed into the protoplast of Mycena which then expressed GFP. The established protoplast transformation system of Mycena laid a foundation for analyzing the functional genes of Mycena and the molecular mechanism of the symbiosis of Mycena and G. elata.

[Methods for synchronous detection of 14 mycotoxins in Pseudostellariae Radix and investigation on its contamination].

This study aimed to establish a method for synchronous detection of 14 mycotoxins in Pseudostellariae Radix and investigate its contamination with mycotoxins, so as to provide technical guidance for monitoring the quality of Chinese medicinal materials and medication safety. The sample was extracted with 80% acetonitrile in an oscillator for 1 h, purified using the modified QuEChERS purifying agent(0.1 g PSA + 0.3 g C_(18) + 0.3 g MgSO_4), and separated on a Waters HSS T3 chromatographic column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 µm). The gradient elution was carried out with 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile, followed by the scanning in the multi-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode and the analysis of mycotoxin contamination in 26 Pseudostellariae Radix samples. The recovery rates of the established method were within the range of 82.17%-113.6%, with the RSD values less than 7% and the limits of quantification(LOQ) being 0.019-0.976 µg·kg~(-1). The detection rate of 14 mycotoxins in 26 batches of medicinal materials was 53.85%. The detection rate of sterigmatocystin(ST) was the highest, followed by those of zearalenone(ZEN), aflatoxin G_2(AFG_2), fumonisin B_1(FB_1), HT-2 toxin, and nivalenol(NIV). Their respective detection rates were 38.46%, 26.92%, 23.08%, 11.54%, 11.54%, and 7.69%, with the pollution ranges being 1.48-69.65, 0.11-31.05, 0.11-0.66, 0.28-0.83, 20.86-42.56, and 0.46-1.84 µg·kg~(-1), respectively. The established method for the detection of 14 mycotoxins is accurate, fast and reliable. The research results have very important practical significance for guiding the monitoring and prevention and control of exogenous fungal contamination of Chinese medicinal materials.

Decellularized adipose tissue: A key factor in promoting fat regeneration by recruiting and inducing mesenchymal stem cells.

BACKGROUND: Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) has attracted much attention due to its wide range of sources and adipose regeneration capacity. However, the lipogenic efficiency of DAT is still controversial due to its unclear mechanism. To this point, it is crucial to clarify the mechanism of DAT in promoting adipose regeneration Objective: This study aims to explore the mechanism of DAT promoting adipose regeneration and survival mechanism of DAT transplantation in vivo. METHODS: DAT preparation by repeated freeze-thaw, enzymatic digestion, and isopropanol degreasing. Histology, DAPI, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the efficacy and reproducibility of these approaches. BM-MSCs, ADSCs and UCMSCs were cocultured with DAT for 14 days and then stained with oil red O. Adipogenic genes of three MSCs were detected by RT-PCR. DAT and adipose tissue were transplanted subcutaneously into the back of nude mice to observe medium and long-term morphological changes, vascularization, and lipid-forming efficiency. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic to analyze the adipogenic protein contents of DAT and adipose tissue. RESULTS: The DAT without any cellular components but with an abundance of collagen; neither DNA nor lipids were detected. Seeding experiments with MSCs indicated that the DAT provided an inductive microenvironment for adipogenesis, supporting the expression of the master regulators PPARγ. Within four months after transplantation, HE morphology of DAT was identical to adipose cells. Immunofluorescence markers CD31 and perilipin were increased in DAT, while the retention rate gradually decreased over time, eventually accounting for 33.7% of the original volume. MS-based proteomic analyses identified 1013 types of proteins in adipose tissue and 29 proteins in the DAT. Analyses of GO and KEGG databases suggested that DAT contained a variety of proteins involved in fat metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: DAT can interact with different types of MSCs and ultimately achieve adipose regeneration. The presence of multiple adipogenic proteins in DAT make it play a vital role in adipose regeneration. DAT is expected to be an ideal bio-derived scaffold for adipose tissue engineering.