RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In a previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we found a significant increase in hippocampal volume immediately after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate hippocampal volume up to 1 year after ECT and investigate its possible relation to clinical and cognitive outcome. METHOD: Clinical and cognitive outcome in 12 in-patients with depression receiving antidepressive pharmacological treatment referred for ECT were investigated with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and a broad neuropsychological test battery within 1 week before and after ECT. The assessments were repeated 6 and 12 months after baseline in 10 and seven of these patients, respectively. Hippocampal volumes were measured on all four occasions with 3 Tesla MRI. RESULTS: Hippocampal volume returned to baseline during the follow-up period of 6 months. Neither the significant antidepressant effect nor the significant transient decrease in executive and verbal episodic memory tests after ECT could be related to changes in hippocampal volume. No persistent cognitive side effects were observed 1 year after ECT. CONCLUSION: The immediate increase in hippocampal volume after ECT is reversible and is not related to clinical or cognitive outcome.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/terapia , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Eletroconvulsoterapia/efeitos adversos , Hipocampo/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hipocampo/anatomia & histologia , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
CONTEXT: Patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) and hypothalamic lesions (HL) have cognitive deficits. Which neural pathways are affected is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between microstructural white matter (WM) alterations detected with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cognition in adults with childhood-onset CP. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with a median follow-up time of 22 (6-49) years after operation. SETTING: The South Medical Region of Sweden (2.5 million inhabitants). PARTICIPANTS: Included were 41 patients (24 women, ≥17 years) surgically treated for childhood-onset CP between 1958-2010 and 32 controls with similar age and gender distributions. HL was found in 23 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects performed cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging, and images were analyzed using DTI of uncinate fasciculus, fornix, cingulum, hippocampus and hypothalamus as well as hippocampal volumetry. RESULTS: Right uncinate fasciculus was significantly altered (P ≤ 0.01). Microstructural WM alterations in left ventral cingulum were significantly associated with worse performance in visual episodic memory, explaining approximately 50% of the variation. Alterations in dorsal cingulum were associated with worse performance in immediate, delayed recall and recognition, explaining 26-38% of the variation, and with visuospatial ability and executive function, explaining 19-29%. Patients who had smaller hippocampal volume had worse general knowledge (P = 0.028), and microstructural WM alterations in hippocampus were associated with a decline in general knowledge and episodic visual memory. CONCLUSIONS: A structure to function relationship is suggested between microstructural WM alterations in cingulum and in hippocampus with cognitive deficits in CP.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Craniofaringioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Craniofaringioma/epidemiologia , Craniofaringioma/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/psicologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Serum FSH and LH levels in 104 patients with disorders of sexual development were determined by radioimmunoassay and compared with serum FSH and LH levels in 164 normal individuals.32 of 35 gonadal dysgenesis patients (ages 4.8-18.9 yr) had serum FSH levels which were elevated above the range of normal for chronological age, and 19 had serum LH levels similarly elevated. All patients with elevated serum LH levels were 11 yr of age or older. However, 8 of 10 gonadal dysgenesis patients, ages 4.8-10.9 yr, had serum FSH levels elevated above the normal range. In accord with these observations was the finding that in normal girls, serum FSH levels may increase at an earlier age than do serum LH levels (FSH, 5-8 yr of age; LH, 9-10 yr of age). These data indicate that serum FSH determinations may be helpful in diagnosing gonadal dysgenesis during childhood. Serum gonadotropin levels within the range of normal for chronological age were found in 2 of 18 girls with idiopathic isosexual precocity. The other 16 had serum FSH levels elevated above the range of normal for chronological age, and 8 also had serum LH levels similarly elevated. In all instances serum FSH and LH levels were in the range expected for the stage of sexual development. In 35 boys, ages 13.1-17.8 yr, with delayed adolescence, serum gonadotropin levels correlated with stage of sexual development and, therefore, were often less than those expected for age.8 patients with premature pubarche, 5 patients with premature thelarche, and 3 patients with adolescent gynecomastia had serum gonadotropin levels within the range of normal for chronological age.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/sangue , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Radioimunoensaio , Síndrome de Turner/sangue , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
A 21-yr-old woman with Turner's syndrome presented with signs and symptoms of acromegaly. The serum growth hormone (GH) (95+/-9.4 ng/ml; mean+/-SEM) and somatomedin C (11 U/ml) levels were elevated, and an increase in GH levels after glucose instead of normal suppression, increase after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration instead of no change, and decrease after dopamine administration instead of stimulation were observed. The pituitary fossa volume was greater than normal (1,440 mm(3)) and the presence of a pituitary tumor was assumed. After tissue removal at transsphenoidal surgery, histological study revealed somatotroph hyperplasia rather than a discrete adenoma. Postoperatively, she remained clinically acromegalic and continued to show increased GH and somatomedin levels. A search was made for ectopic source of a growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Computer tomographic scan revealed a 5-cm Diam tumor in the tail of the pancreas. Following removal of this tumor, serum GH fell from 70 to 3 ng/ml over 2 h, and remained low for the subsequent 5 mo. Serum somatomedin C levels fell from 7.2 to normal by 6 wk postoperatively. There were no longer paradoxical GH responses to glucose, TRH, and dopamine. Both the medium that held the tumor cells at surgery and extracts of the tumor contained a peptide with GRF activity. The GRF contained in the tumor extract coeluted on Sephadex G-50 chromatography with rat hypothalamic GH-releasing activity. Stimulation of GH from rat somatotrophs in vitro was achieved at the nanomolar range, using the tumor extract. The patient's course demonstrates the importance of careful interpretation of pituitary histology. Elevated serum GH and somatomedin C levels in a patient with an enlarged sella turcica and the characteristic responses seen in acromegaly to TRH, dopamine, and glucose do not occur exclusively in patients with discrete pituitary tumors and acromegaly. This condition can also occur with somatotroph hyperplasia and then revert to normal after removal of the GRF source. Thus, in patients with acromegaly a consideration of ectopic GRF secretion should be made, and therefore, careful pituitary histology is mandatory. Consideration for chest and abdominal computer tomographic scans before pituitary surgery, in spite of their low yield, may be justified.
Assuntos
Acromegalia/cirurgia , Adenoma de Células das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Acromegalia/complicações , Acromegalia/patologia , Adenoma de Células das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/complicações , Adenoma de Células das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Cromatografia em Gel , Feminino , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Humanos , Hiperplasia/complicações , Hiperplasia/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Adeno-Hipófise/ultraestrutura , Ratos , Hormônio Liberador de Tireotropina/sangue , Hormônio Liberador de Tireotropina/farmacologia , Síndrome de Turner/complicaçõesRESUMO
A comparison was made of the growth responses of prepubertal naive GH-deficient children who were randomly assigned to receive 0.3 mg/kg.week recombinant human GH administered either daily (QD) or three times weekly (TIW) over 4 yr. The effects of the two regimens on annual growth velocity, change in height SD score, bone maturation, and age at onset of puberty are presented as the mean +/- SD. During each of the 4 yr, the annual growth velocity was significantly greater in the QD vs. TIW group. At 48 months, the mean total gain in height was 9.7 cm greater in the QD group (38.4 +/- 5.5) than that in the TIW group 28.7 +/- 3.2; P = 0.0002). The mean height SD score at the end of each year was significantly greater in the QD group. After 4 yr, the total gain in height SD score was 3.2 +/- 1.2 in the QD group compared to 1.5 +/- 0.5 in the TIW group (P = 0.0003). The height SD score at 4 yr was 0.2 in the QD group (pretreatment, -2.9) compared to -1.4 in the TIW group (pretreatment, -2.9). After 4 yr of rhGH treatment, the increment in bone age was similar in the QD (4.9 +/- 1.0 yr) and TIW (4.8 +/- 1.1 yr) groups. The change in height age minus the change in bone age was more favorable in the QD (1.2 +/- 0.8 yr) than in the TIW (0.0 +/- 0.9 yr) group (P = 0.003). The mean age at onset of puberty in boys was the same in the QD (13.2 yr) and TIW (13.0 yr) groups (P = 0.71), and the mean bone age at the start of puberty was also similar (11.5 in QD and 11.3 in TIW groups; P = 0.66). The advantages of QD rhGH treatment in prepubertal GH-deficient children after 4 yr were additional gains of 1.7 height SD score and 9.7 cm in height over those treated with the TIW regimen (P = 0.0002).
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento/administração & dosagem , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Adolescente , Estatura , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Puberdade/fisiologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
This report describes cases of new extracranial nonleukemic neoplasms in recombinant human GH (rhGH) recipients. The data are largely from the National Cooperative Growth Study (NCGS), with over 51,000 patient-years at risk from 12,209 patients treated with Protropin rhGH. In addition to case reports of extracranial tumors from the NCGS enrollees, there have been reports from non-NCGS patients. Ten cases of new extracranial neoplasms have been reported from this total study population, and there have been eight cases whose second neoplasms were extracranial in nature. For the new cases, the number of observed cases is compared with the number of expected cases, as derived from incidence rates published by the National Cancer Institute's SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program. The standard morbidity ratio (SMR), defined as the number of observed cases/expected cases, is calculated for males and females separately, with further subgroup analysis based upon age. For the NCGS population, the SMRs were not statistically distinguishable from unity (i.e. 1). When the number of non-NCGS Protropin patients is estimated and SMRs are calculated for the total Protropin-treated group, the SMRs remain statistically indistinguishable from one. At present, these data suggest that rhGH does not increase the risk for developing nonleukemic extracranial neoplasms. Because a small number of additional cases could significantly alter the SMR calculations, meticulous reporting and continued surveillance must continue.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Proteínas Recombinantes , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Síndrome de Turner/complicações , População BrancaRESUMO
Prolactin is an important osmoregulatory hormone in several lower vertebrate species. The present study was undertaken to clarify the effects of prolactin, if any, on human renal function. Eight normal adult male subjects on a 150 mEq sodium (Na), 60 mEq potassium (K) diet for 5 days were studied during 12 h of oral water (H2O) loading on 2 consecutive days. On day 1, after a 6 h control period, a 1 ml normal saline placebo was given im; on day 2, 25 mg of ovine prolactin (OP) was substituted. The subjects were supine and received a constant infusion of Na and K. After OP, serum prolactin rose from 6.9+/-0.8 ng/ml to 15.0+/-2.5 ng/ml (P less than .01) at 1 h, 27.6+/-4.0 ng/ml (P less than .002) at 2 h, 33.1+/-4.3 ng/ml (P less than .001) at 3 h and remained elevated for the remaining 3 h of study. The ovine prolactin had 20-25% of the potency of human prolactin in the human prolactin radioimmunoassay system. In response to OP, free H2O clearance (CH2O) promptly decreased from 10.1 +/- .06 ml/min to 6.1 +/- .05 ml/min (P less than 0.1) at 1 h, to a nadir of 5.1+/-.3 ml/min (P less than .001) at 2 h, and returned to control levels by 4 h. CH2O was unchanged after placebo, and urinary Na and K excretion, creatinine and osmolar clearance (COSM), plasma Na, K, osmolality and aldosterone were unchanged after OP or placebo. Control plasma vasopressin was 1.0+/-0.1 micronU/ml and was not changed after prolactin (1.1+/-0.1 micronU/ml at 1 h, 1.1+/-0.1 micronU/ml at 2 h and 1.1+/-0.1 micronU/ml at 3 h). The ovine prolactin contained 2 micronU of immunoassayable vasopressin per microng of powder. Aqueous vasopressin, 50 mU (containing in 25 mg of ovine prolactin), produced a decrease in CH2O not significantly different from prolactin in 6 water loaded subjects. Four different subjects given 100 mg of OP had decreased CH2O from 8.3+/-0.3 to 2.7+/-0.7 ml/min at 1 h (P less than .001) and to 2.8+/-0.7 ml/min at 2 h (P less than .01). Control plasma osmolality was 301+/-4 mOsm/1 and decreased to a maximum of 288+/-5 mOsm/1 4 h after OP (P less than .001). After prolactin administration, plasma vasopressin rose from 0.44+/-0.15 to 0.80+/-0.41 micronU/ml (P =NS) at 1 h. The transient antidiuresis in response to ovine prolactin is due to contamination of the preparation with vasopressin. Prolactin does not acutely influence renal electrolyte excretion and probably does not influence water excretion in man.
Assuntos
Água Corporal/metabolismo , Prolactina , Vasopressinas , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Aldosterona/sangue , Animais , Sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Placebos , Potássio/sangue , Ovinos , Sódio/sangue , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Near-adult height (AH) was determined in 121 children (72 males and 49 females) with GH deficiency (GHD) who were prepubertal when they began treatment with recombinant DNA-derived preparations of human GH. AH as a SD score was -0.7 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SD), significantly greater than the pretreatment height SD score (-3.1 +/- 1.2), the predicted AH SD score (-2.2 +/- 1.2; Bayley-Pinneau method), and the height SD score at the start of puberty (-1.9 +/- 1.3). In contrast to studies of GH treatment outcome, which used pituitary-derived GH (pit-GH) in lower doses, we found that males did not have a higher AH SD score than females, spontaneous puberty did not diminish AH, and AH was significantly greater than that predicted at the start of GH treatment. In a multiple regression equation, the statistically significant variables (all P < 0.0001) related to AH (r2 = 0.70) were the following: duration of treatment with GH, sex (males were taller than females, as expected for the normal population), age (younger children had a greater AH) and height at the start of GH, and growth rate during first year of GH. For the AH SD score (r2 = 0.47), pretreatment predicted AH, duration of GH, and bone age delay were significant (P < 0.0002) explanatory variables. Bone age delay (chronological age-bone age) had a negative impact on the AH SD score. Target height, etiology of GHD, previous treatment with pituitary GH, and the presence or absence of spontaneous puberty did not significantly improve the prediction of AH. Early diagnosis of GHD and continuous treatment with larger doses of GH to near AH should improve the outcome in children with short stature due to GHD.
Assuntos
Estatura/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/deficiência , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/uso terapêutico , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
Plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) and percent binding of T to plasma protein (TB) were studied in 16 normal fertile men and in 81 men who had undergone vasectomy from 1 to 5 yr earlier. No significant difference from the control values to T = 582 plus or minus 39.5 (SE) ng/100 ml; FSH = 15.09 plus or minus 2.18 (SE) mIU/ml; LH =10.03 plus or minus 1.13 (SE) mIU/ml and TB = 92.99 plus or minus 0.285 (SE) % binding was detected in any group of the vasectomized men in any of the parameters studied.
Assuntos
Hipófise/fisiologia , Testículo/fisiologia , Vasectomia , Adulto , Animais , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ligação Proteica , Coelhos/imunologia , Radioimunoensaio , Testosterona/sangue , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
To investigate the role of testosterone (T) in the pubertal elevation of somatomedin-C (SmC), six prepubertal GH-deficient boys were each given 7-day courses of GH alone (0.05 U/kg X day, im), T alone (T propionate; 25 mg/day, im), and a combination of GH and T at the same dosages. Plasma SmC levels were determined on samples drawn at the start and finish of each period, and each course was separated by a 7-day period. SmC was also measured before and after a course of T propionate (25 mg/day, im) in four GH-sufficient boys with delayed adolescence. In the GH-deficient boys, GH and the combination of GH and T resulted in comparable and significant increments of SmC (mean change, 0.68 U/ml after GH and 0.63 U/ml after the combination of GH and T). T alone caused no change in SmC in the GH-deficient boys (mean change, 0.09 U/ml), but resulted in increases in all four GH-sufficient subjects (mean change, 1.29 U/ml). In a single subject with constitutionally delayed puberty, the integrated 24-h GH concentration rose from 2.8 ng/ml before to 5.8 ng/ml after T therapy. Both the number and amplitude of GH secretory events were greater after therapy. These data show that T stimulates SmC production in prepubertal boys who can secrete GH, but not in those who are GH deficient. We postulate that the effect of T in this regard is due to its effect on pituitary GH secretion. Although the T levels were within the pharmacological range, physiological levels of T (e.g. at puberty) may be responsible for the adolescent SmC increment in men.
Assuntos
Puberdade Tardia/sangue , Somatomedinas/sangue , Testosterona/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Masculino , Puberdade Tardia/tratamento farmacológico , Testosterona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
To identify factors influencing the response to GH therapy, we used a multiple regression model to analyze data from 632 naive prepubertal children with GH deficiency (GHD). There were 523 children with idiopathic and 109 children with organic GHD. They were treated with the same preparation of biosynthetic methionyl GH (somatrem, Protropin) for at least 1 yr. In children with idiopathic GHD, six variables predicted 40% of the response to treatment. They were (listed in relative importance, all P < 0.0001): age, log maximum GH, weight adjusted for height, dosing schedule, dose, and midparental height. Three variables, pretreatment growth rate, log maximum GH, and age, predicted 20% of the GH response in children with organic GHD. When data for all children were analyzed using analysis of covariance, children with idiopathic GHD grew better than those with organic GHD (mean +/- SD, 9.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 8.8 +/- 2.6 cm/yr; P < 0.0001). The children (both organic and idiopathic GHD) who did not respond well to treatment were younger and thinner than those who did. Early diagnosis and initiation of therapy should be beneficial to ultimate height attainment. The best response to GH therapy should be in young children with severe idiopathic GHD who receive daily weight-adjusted doses. The use of GH daily in higher doses would be expected to be most beneficial in older children with acquired and/or less severe GHD or in children who are underweight for height.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Criança , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Previsões , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Humanos , Injeções , Masculino , Puberdade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Forty children with short stature were evaluated for GH reserve after pharmacological tests and after a single iv injection of human pancreatic tumor GH-releasing hormone [hpGRH-40). These children were grouped into four diagnostic categories: 1) idiopathic GH deficiency (n = 10); 2) organic hypopituitarism (n = 7); 3) intrauterine growth retardation (n = 5); and 4) constitutional delay of growth and/or familial short stature (n = 18), by standard clinical criteria and physiological and pharmacological tests of GH reserve. Venous blood was sampled for GH concentrations on 2 consecutive days: on day 1, after the iv administration of L-arginine (0.5 g/kg for 30 min) and oral administration of L-dopa (9 mg/kg), and on day 2, after the administration of hpGRH-40, 3.3 micrograms/kg, as an iv bolus. No GH-deficient patient in categories 1 or 2 increased his/her circulating GH concentration to more than 7 ng/ml after the arginine-L-dopa test; however, six children had marked GH responses after hpGRH-40 administration. As a group the lowest peak responses (mean +/- SE) to GRH were found in the organic hypopituitary (3.4 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) and in the idiopathic GH deficiency (8.2 +/- 2.4 ng/ml) categories. All children in the intrauterine growth retardation and constitutional delay of growth (controls for the GH-deficient children) responded briskly to hpGRH-40, although there was wide variation of the peak GH levels (5-51 ng/ml). Circulating concentrations of somatomedin-C did not differ in subjects in any category 24 h after hpGRH-40 injection when compared to basal values. These data indicate that hpGRH-40 can be employed to evaluate GH reseve in short children and may be useful in the diagnosis of hypothalamic-pituitary disorders.
Assuntos
Estatura , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/fisiopatologia , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Humanos , Hipopituitarismo/fisiopatologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Masculino , Gravidez , Somatomedinas/sangueRESUMO
A comprehensive neuropsychological examination includes an assessment of both cognitive functions and personality characteristics. In order to evaluate dementia, the patient's present as well as the premorbid functioning has to be assessed, which is performed by means of tests, behavioral observations, rating scales, and inquiries. These methods are used for diagnostic purposes, for differential diagnostics, follow-up studies, and for evaluation of treatment effects. Recent research has shown that neuropsychological methods have a high sensitivity and specificity in detection of dementia, utilizing measures of episodic memory. For staging of dementia, episodic memory as well as other cognitive functions are necessary. The effectiveness of dementia differentiation by means of neuropsychological methods varies from quite good regarding frontal lobe degeneration to less good regarding cerebrovascular dementias, probably due to the variation in site, extent, number, and temporal characteristics of the lesion. Future development is required regarding methods for evaluation of premorbid functioning, instruments for assessment of executive functions, and personality characteristics in dementia. Furthermore, brain-behavior studies are needed to learn more about the relation between neuropsychological measures vs neuropathology, neurochemistry, and neuroimaging.
Assuntos
Demência/diagnóstico , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Encéfalo/patologia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/classificação , Dano Encefálico Crônico/diagnóstico , Dano Encefálico Crônico/psicologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/classificação , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Demência/classificação , Demência/psicologia , Humanos , Transtornos da Personalidade/classificação , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologiaRESUMO
Thirty-six former human growth hormone (hGH) recipients underwent comprehensive physical, endocrine and lipoprotein evaluations as adults. Treatment was associated with a decrease in height standard deviation score (SDS) in males from 4.0 pretreatment to 2.1 as adults, and in females from 4.2 to 2.5. Males showed a better growth response to treatment than did females. Plasma somatomedin-C levels were subnormal in 30 patients, but were higher in isolated growth-hormone-deficient patients than in others. Three men and 1 woman showed evidence suggesting a disturbance in pulsatile gonadotropin release despite the previous documentation of normal serum gonadotropin levels. Hypertriglyceridemia was not observed, and the women's plasma cholesterol levels were unremarkable. Men, however, showed higher-than-expected total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. The last finding may explain the lack of increased cardiovascular morbidity in this group.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Hipopituitarismo/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Testes de Função do Córtex Suprarrenal , Adulto , Antropometria , Feminino , Humanos , Hipopituitarismo/sangue , Hipopituitarismo/fisiopatologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ovário/fisiopatologia , Testículo/fisiopatologia , Testosterona/sangue , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangueRESUMO
Two prepubertal males with low somatomedin-C concentrations in their sera, but normal growth hormone concentrations, had positive metabolic responses when human growth hormone was administered. An accelerated velocity of growth accompanied the long-term administration of growth hormone. This response was dependent upon the administration of exogenous hormone inasmuch as linear growth was subnormal both before and after administration of growth hormone. The extreme short stature in these individuals may be secondary to a biologically inactive growth hormone molecule that is immunologically reactive or to a decreased dose responsiveness of the cells that produce somatomedin when exposed to the usual concentrations of endogenous growth hormone.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Crescimento/sangue , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Somatomedinas/sangue , Adolescente , Arginina , Criança , Teste de Esforço , Transtornos do Crescimento/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Crescimento/tratamento farmacológico , Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Insulina , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like IRESUMO
A 27 month old white male infant clinically suspected of having histiocytosis X had an enlarged hard hypofunctioning thyroid. A needle biopsy of the thyroid showed disruption of the thyroid architecture by an infiltrate consisting of large histiocytes admixed with eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, confirming the clinical diagnosis of histiocytosis X.
Assuntos
Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/patologia , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/complicações , Humanos , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/patologia , Masculino , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/complicaçõesRESUMO
Identification of Rhizoctonia solani, R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae, components of the rice sheath disease complex, is extremely difficult and often inaccurate and as a result may hinder the success of extensive breeding programmes throughout Asia. In this study, primers designed from unique regions within the rDNA internal transcribed spacers have been used to develop a rapid PCR-based diagnostic test to provide an accurate identification of the species on rice. Tests on the specificity of the primers concerned showed that they provide the means for accurate identification of the Rhizoctonia species responsible for sheath diseases in rice.
Assuntos
Oryza/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Rhizoctonia/classificação , Sequência de Bases , Sondas de DNA/genética , DNA Fúngico/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Rhizoctonia/genética , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were performed in 16 women suffering from spider phobia. The non-invasive 133Xe inhalation method, giving information about the blood flow of superficial areas, was used. The subjects were studied under three conditions: during resting, when exposed to a videotape showing nature scenery, and finally when watching a video with living spiders. During the rCBF measurements the subjects' behaviour was registered systematically and respiration, blood pressure, Pco2, and heart rate were monitored. Eight subjects who showed and reported severe panic during the spider exposure had marked rCBF decreases in frontal areas, especially in the right hemisphere. The remaining eight subjects displayed a more efficient control of their emotions and became frightened, but not panic-stricken, during the spider exposure. These showed a consistent rCBF increase in the right frontal area compared to neutral stimulation. Thus, results revealed significant functional changes in the frontal cortex in subjects with spider phobia during phobogenic exposure. It seems likely that these frontal changes are related to the experience and control of phobic anxiety.
Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/irrigação sanguínea , Transtornos Fóbicos/fisiopatologia , Aranhas , Adulto , Animais , Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Dominância Cerebral/fisiologia , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pânico/fisiologia , Transtornos Fóbicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cintilografia , Valores de Referência , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Radioisótopos de XenônioRESUMO
The advent of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in potentially unlimited supplies of growth hormone. Sufficient quantities are now available not only for the long-term, uninterrupted treatment of GH-deficient children but potentially for the treatment of non-GH-deficient patients with other short stature or growth attenuating disorders. Short-term studies have demonstrated an improvement in the growth rates of subjects with isolated short stature, Turner syndrome, and chronic renal failure; and additional studies are under way to assess the efficacy of GH therapy of other short stature syndromes. However, the long-term efficacy and possible adverse effects of GH treatment in these situations is not known. Until there has been more experience, GH deficiency should remain the primary indication for GH treatment. Growth hormone should not be considered routine therapy for other conditions associated with or resulting in short stature. However, research should continue in these areas to define which children may benefit from GH treatment.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Crescimento/tratamento farmacológico , Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/metabolismo , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Hormônio do Crescimento/fisiologia , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Síndrome de Turner/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Twenty patients, selected from a longitudinal study of patients with presenile and senile dementia, underwent psychometric assessment including semi-structured observations of behaviour in the test situation and examination for dysphasia. The patients were chosen on the basis of post-mortem investigation and showed frontal lobe degeneration (FLD) of non-Alzheimer type in 16 cases and Pick's disease in four cases. The patients are described with reference to cognition, language function, behaviour and emotional reactions in the test situation. The test results were analyzed and compared with psychometric results from other groups of demented patients, above all with Alzheimer's disease. The cognitive dysfunction was less severe in patients with onset of dementia below the age of 56 years as compared to patients with later onset, i.e., 56 years or older. Dysfunction of expressive speech was the most consistent finding in the patients with frontal lobe degeneration, while receptive speech functions were relatively less frequently affected.