RESUMO
A monoclonal antibody, AB1, was established with activated human B cells as immunogen. AB1 stained activated B cells but not activated T cells. Its selective reactivity to activated B cells was further documented by its nonreactivity to activated T cells, resting T and B cells, monocytes, granulocytes, bone marrow cells, leukemic cells, and cells from cell lines of T, B, and myeloid lineages. Upon activation, the antigen appeared on B cells as early as 3-4 h after stimulation and was fully expressed by 38 h. The expression of this antigen was not dependent on the presence of B cell stimulatory factor(s). Anti-IgM antibodies by themselves induced its expression. AB1 inhibited B cell proliferation that was induced by a low dose anti-IgM antibody and conditioned medium containing B cell stimulatory factor. It did not inhibit B cell proliferation induced by either high doses of anti-IgM antibodies or by formalinized Staphylococcus aureus. It also failed to inhibit T cell mitogenesis. The possibility exists that this antigen is related to the receptor for B cell stimulatory factor.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Substâncias de Crescimento/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Linfocinas/imunologia , Divisão Celular , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Interleucina-4 , CinéticaRESUMO
A monoclonal antibody, AT-1, is shown to precipitate a p60-65 molecule identical to the Tac antigen. With AT-1, the expression of IL-2 receptors by normal activated human B cells from peripheral blood and tonsils is documented by biosynthetic and immunofluorescence studies. AT-1 precipitated a p60-65 protein from [35S]methionine-labeled activated B cells, similar to that from activated T cells. The interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor appeared shortly after activation with anti-IgM and B cell-stimulatory factor(s). Its expression reached its peak at 60-72 h with approximately 50% of the B blasts stained by AT-1. Other modes of activation of B cells, by T cell-independent, formalin-treated staphylococci and Epstein-Barr virus, and by T cell-dependent pokeweed mitogen, also induced IL-2 receptor expression. The functional significance of this finding was investigated using recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). While rIL-2 did not induce resting B cells to proliferate in the presence of anti-IgM, it induced activated B cells to proliferate in the absence of other factors. On the other hand, rIL-2 did not induce the differentiation of these activated B lymphocytes. These data suggest that IL-2 may play a significant role in B cell activation.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Antígenos de Superfície/biossíntese , Antígenos de Superfície/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Interleucina-2/fisiologia , Camundongos , Membro 7 da Superfamília de Receptores de Fatores de Necrose TumoralRESUMO
With human T cells activated by 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as immunogen, an IgG2a mAb, early activation antigen 1 (EA 1), was generated against a 60-kD protein with disulfide-linked 28-kD and 32-kD subunits. Both subunits were phosphorylated. The antigen, EA 1, was readily detected on approximately 60% of isolated and cryopreserved thymocytes, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. A low level of EA 1 expression was detectable on 6-7% of blood lymphocytes. TPA-activated T cells expressed EA 1 as early as 30 min after activation. By 1 h, 85-90% of the T cells stained with mAb EA 1. By 3-4 h, the expression of EA 1 was detected in greater than 95% of the T cells. Although the percentages of EA 1+ T cells did not change, the intensity of staining increased slightly. After 18-24 h, both the percentage of EA 1+ cells and the intensity of staining decreased gradually. TPA-induced EA 1 expression was independent of monocytes. EA 1 expression was slightly delayed in T cells that were isolated without the rosette selection and treated with TPA. Nevertheless, greater than 85% of these T cells expressed EA 1 within 1 h, and the maximal number of EA 1+ T cells was also detected at 3-4 h. In T cell populations with 1-2% monocytes, about 50-90% of the PHA- or Con A-activated T cells expressed EA 1 with a slower kinetics. EA 1 expression preceded that of IL-2-R in these activation processes. Similarly, T cells activated by soluble antigens (tetanus toxoid and PPD) and alloantigens in MLR also expressed EA 1 after a longer incubation. Approximately 20% of the T cells stained for EA 1 at day 6. EA 1 expression was not limited to activated T cells. B cells activated by TPA or anti-IgM antibody plus B cell growth factor expressed EA 1. The kinetics of EA 1 expression was markedly slower and the staining was less intense. Repeated attempts to detect EA 1 on resting and TPA-activated monocytes and granulocytes have not been successful. However, the detection of EA 1 in nonlymphoid cell lines would indicate that EA 1 may have a broader cell distribution. EA 1 expression was due to de novo synthesis, as the induction of EA 1 was blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície/biossíntese , Antígenos/farmacologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Mitógenos/farmacologia , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Complexo CD3 , Dissulfetos/análise , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , Camundongos , Fosforilação , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
The production of TNF/cachectin by human B cell lines and tonsillar B cells was examined. Of the 15 B cell lines examined, 9 cell lines synthesize TNF mRNA constitutively. PMA stimulated most cell lines to accumulate increased amounts of TNF. SeD, 8866P, 32al, RPMI 1788, and four bone marrow-derived EBV-transformed cell lines accumulated high levels of TNF mRNA when stimulated by PMA. TNF production by these cell lines was examined. RPMI 1788 and WIH8 produced little TNF constitutively, but synthesized 5-7 ng/ml TNF when stimulated by PMA. A pre-B cell line, Nalm-6, did not synthesize any detectable amount of TNF mRNA, even with PMA stimulation. Tonsillar B cells could also be stimulated to produce TNF. PMA or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SAC) alone stimulated some TNF mRNA accumulation, whereas B cell growth factor (BCGF) or anti-mu did not. This accumulation was synergistically elevated by the combinations of PMA and SAC, or PMA and anti-mu. BCGF increased PMA-, SAC-, PMA plus SAC-, or PMA plus anti-mu-induced TNF mRNA accumulations about twofold. The accumulation of TNF mRNA in tonsillar B cells stimulated by PMA plus SAC was between 32 and 48 h, the same peak interval as the accumulation of TNF and IL-2 mRNA in tonsillar T cells. This is in contrast to PMA or PMA plus A23187-stimulated RPMI 1788 cells in which TNF mRNA accumulation was maximal at 1-2 h. TNF activities found in tonsillar B cell supernatants correlated with the TNF mRNA levels in the cells. However, more TNF activity was found on the second-day than the third-day supernatants, indicating active TNF uptake by the B cells. Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibited SAC and anti-mu responses in B cells in much the same way as the anti-CD3 responses in T cells. SAC-, PMA plus SAC-, and PMA plus anti-mu-stimulated, but not PMA-stimulated, increases in TNF mRNA accumulations in tonsillar B cells were inhibited by CsA. TNF production seems to increase in parallel with B cell proliferation, but the relationship of these two functions needs to be further examined.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/fisiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Western Blotting , Divisão Celular , Ciclosporinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ativação Linfocitária , Monócitos/fisiologia , Tonsila Palatina/citologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMO
As part of the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) Trial, a prospective multicenter cohort of 221 children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (mean age 15.7 years, 83% female) underwent baseline measurement of markers of cardiovascular risk, including fasting levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein A (Lpa), homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline laboratory values and clinical characteristics of this cohort was performed. Univariable relationships between the cardiovascular markers of interest and clinical variables were assessed, followed by multivariable linear regression modeling. Mean levels of LDL, HDL, Lpa, TG, hs-CRP and homocysteine were in the normal or borderline ranges. In multivariable analysis, increased Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), prednisone dose, and hypertension (HTN) were independently associated with higher LDL levels. Higher hs-CRP and creatinine clearance were independently related to lower HDL levels. Higher body mass index (BMI), prednisone dose, and homocysteine levels were independently associated with higher TG levels. Only Hispanic or non-White status predicted higher Lpa levels. Proteinuria, higher TG and lower creatinine clearance were independently associated with higher homocysteine levels, while use of multivitamin with folate predicted lower homocysteine levels. Higher BMI, lower HDL, and longer SLE disease duration, but not SLEDAI, were independently associated with higher hs-CRP levels. The R(2) for these models ranged from 7% to 23%. SLE disease activity as measured by the SLEDAI was associated only with higher LDL levels and not with hs-CRP. Markers of renal injury (HTN, proteinuria, and creatinine clearance) were independently associated with levels of LDL, HDL, and homocysteine, highlighting the importance of renal status in the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents with SLE. Future longitudinal analysis of the APPLE cohort is needed to further examine these relationships.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Adolescente , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Criança , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoproteína(a)/sangue , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Placebos , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A T cell surface membrane-associated glycoprotein, Tp40 (40,000 mol wt), also designated as CD-7, was not expressed by the T cells of a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency. In addition to this abnormality, T cell proliferative responses to mitogens were defective and the IL-2 receptor expression was deficient on the patient's T lymphocytes. However, his T cells were found to provide help for the differentiation of normal B cells to Ig-secreting cells. Abundant circulating B cells were detected. These B cells proliferated normally in the presence of anti-mu antibodies and B cell growth factors, but did not differentiate into antibody-secreting cells when provided with the help of normal T cells. In addition, his activated B cells did not proliferate to IL-2 even though IL-2 receptors were expressed. A successful allogeneic histocompatible bone marrow transplantation resulting in T cell engraftment corrected both the T and B cell immunodeficiencies. These findings support the hypothesis that the Tp40 deficiency present in this patient is related to a defect of the T cell precursors, and that Tp40 plays important roles not only essential to T cell interactions but also to certain aspects of T-B cell interaction during the early lymphoid development.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Formação de Anticorpos , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Diferenciação Celular , Pré-Escolar , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Substâncias de Crescimento/farmacologia , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Interleucina-2/farmacologia , Interleucina-4 , Ativação Linfocitária , Linfocinas/farmacologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Peso Molecular , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-2 , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
The expression of lymphotoxin (LT) mRNA and cytokine in human tonsillar B cells and B cell lines was examined by Northern blots and cytotoxicity assays, respectively. In tonsillar B cells, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan l (SAC) alone induced low levels of LT mRNA accumulation. However, SAC and anti-mu were strongly synergistic with PMA in this induction. Peak LT mRNA expression in tonsillar B cells stimulated by PMA plus SAC occurred between 48 and 72 h and was approximately half as much as that in PMA plus anti-CD3-stimulated T cells. Cyclosporine A was not effective in inhibiting LT mRNA accumulation by stimulated tonsillar B cells. A number of B cell lines could also be stimulated by PMA to express LT mRNA. Peak accumulation of LT mRNA in the cell line RPMI 1788 stimulated with PMA peaked about 8 h. A23187 in combination with PMA caused this accumulation to increase slightly and to peak earlier. The cytotoxic effects in the supernatants of stimulated B cells were contributed mostly by LT. The results indicate that tonsillar B cells are important in LT production and that there are important differences in the stimulation requirements for LT production and in LT mRNA expression kinetics between tonsillar B cells and B cell lines.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Linfotoxina-alfa/biossíntese , Tonsila Palatina/metabolismo , Northern Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
CD7 is a T differentiation antigen which is useful in the identification of precursor T cells as well as an important marker for the identification of leukemic T cells. It has proved to be useful as a target for immunotherapy by immunotoxins in several clinical settings. Most monoclonal antibodies to this antigen bind to the same or similar epitope. We have produced a monoclonal antibody, 69, which identifies a different epitope as that of the prototypic mAb to CD7, 3A1. Using mAB 69, we have devised a sandwich CD7-ELISA to detect solubilized CD7 antigen, with mAb 69 in the solid phase as the capturing mAb. This assay is sensitive and is able to detect antigen present on 2-5 x 10(4) activated T cells. This assay has been used to study the fate of CD7 on the membrane and in the cytosol of T cells during the process of mitogenesis. We have also utilized this assay to demonstrate the presence of free CD7 antigen in culture supernatant of activated T cells. This method will be useful to analyze antigen recovery from bulk cell cultures or from molecularly engineered microbial organisms. In addition, the sandwich CD7-ELISA may prove useful in monitoring the effects of immunotherapy in patients with leukemia.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/análise , Leucemia de Células T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Antígenos CD7 , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Epitopos , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ativação Linfocitária , Fito-Hemaglutininas/farmacologia , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Blau syndrome (MIM 186580) is a rare autoinflammatory, familial granulomatous condition that occurs secondary to a single amino acid mutation of the NOD2/CARD15 gene on chromosome 16p12-q21. We report the case of a 2.5-year-old girl who presented for ophthalmic examination in the setting of rash and synovitis. Initially, small, evanescent, ovoid corneal subepithelial opacities unique to Blau syndrome were observed. She later developed a fulminant panuveitis that responded to immunomodulatory therapy. Subsequent genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of Blau syndrome. Despite immunosuppression, at almost 7 years of age, she continues to have persistent panuveitis with vision of 20/20.
Assuntos
Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD2/genética , Pan-Uveíte/genética , Mutação Puntual , Artrite , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos Humanos Par 16/genética , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Pan-Uveíte/diagnóstico , Pan-Uveíte/tratamento farmacológico , Sarcoidose , Sinovite/diagnóstico , Sinovite/tratamento farmacológico , Sinovite/genética , Uveíte/diagnóstico , Uveíte/tratamento farmacológico , Uveíte/genética , Acuidade Visual/fisiologiaAssuntos
Doença de Raynaud/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Doença de Raynaud/imunologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nature of osteopenia/osteoporosis in spondyloarthropathy, an inflammatory disorder, using the HLA-B27 transgenic rat model. METHODS: HLA-B27 transgenic rats were housed individually and sacrificed at the peak of their disease (8-month-old). The spine and femurs were removed and stored in saline at -20 degrees C until analysis. The bone structure and strength were determined using a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) device (Scanco Medical) and mechanical testing (Instron 5543). Vertebral bodies and femurs were scanned to determine trabecular structural properties in terms of bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness, and spacing. After scanning, the mid-shaft femurs were subjected to a 3-point bending test (along anterior-posterior direction), the femoral necks were tested in bending, and the vertebral bodies (L4) were tested in compression. Structural (ultimate/yield load, stiffness) and apparent material (ultimate/yield stress, modulus) strength parameters were then determined. RESULTS: The majority of the bone structural and strength parameters were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the HLA-B27 transgenic rats as compared with control littermates. Micro-CT data suggested that the transgenic animals had lower BV/TV and trabecular thickness in their vertebral bodies. The poor trabecular structure observed in HLA-B27 rats is also indicative of the poor biomechanical strength properties in the vertebral bodies as well. CONCLUSION: The HLA-B27 transgenic rats develop bone fragility similar to that seen in spondyloarthropathy and may be an important model for the study of osteoporosis in spondyloarthropathy.
Assuntos
Antígeno HLA-B27/genética , Osteoporose/etiologia , Espondiloartropatias/complicações , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Força Compressiva , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Elasticidade , Fêmur/fisiopatologia , Vértebras Lombares/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Osteoporose/genética , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Espondiloartropatias/genética , Espondiloartropatias/fisiopatologia , Estresse MecânicoRESUMO
A young boy with recurrent skin infections and slow wound healing was shown to have an isolated leukocyte chemotactic defect. The chemotactic abnormality was persistent throughout the observation period, could be demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro, and was not related to known causes of chemotactic defects. To investigate the underlying pathogenetic mechanism for this abnormality, the patient's polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were studied for their ability to respond to the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP). The patient's leukocytes were able to bind FMLP normally and responded appropriately to the stimulus as shown by a rise in intracellular calcium after binding. However, his PMN leukocytes demonstrated abnormalities in the formation and disassembly of filamentous actin (F-actin), an important structural component in cell locomotion. Since the formation and disassembly of F-actin are important in the recycling of actin and crucial in the cell movement, the observed abnormalities may account for the disorder of chemotaxis seen in this patient. The findings in this case resemble the syndrome of neutrophil actin dysfunction. However, observed differences, including a much milder clinical disease, distinguish between these two clinical entities.
Assuntos
Actinas/biossíntese , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Pioderma/imunologia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , N-Formilmetionina Leucil-Fenilalanina/farmacologia , Pioderma/metabolismo , Receptores de Formil Peptídeo , Receptores Imunológicos/análise , RecidivaRESUMO
Phorbol esters exert diverse effects on cellular activation and differentiation. CD 7, a differentiation antigen appearing early in T cell ontogeny, may be involved in the activation and differentiation processes. CD 7 was found to be rapidly down-regulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) from mature T cell surface. The time course of CD 7 down-regulation was similar to that of other functionally important T cell antigens, CD 3 and CD 4. Within 2 h, TPA at 10 to 30 ng/ml induced a complete down-regulation of CD 7. Twenty-four hours later, the reappearance of CD 7 on TPA-treated cells was observed. This phenomenon was monocyte independent. In contrast, CD 7 expression on thymocytes was resistant to the effect of TPA. In addition, certain leukemic T cells were also resistant to TPA-induced CD 7 down-regulation. The mechanism underlying TPA-induced CD 7 down-regulation was investigated further. Synthetic diacylglycerol, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, which activates protein kinase C, did not induce down-regulation of CD 7 on mature T cells. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, did not down-regulate this antigen either. Thus, it is concluded that the processes of protein kinase C activation and/or cytosolic calcium influx are not sufficient for TPA-induced CD 7 down-regulation; other pathways induced by TPA may be responsible.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/biossíntese , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Depressão Química , Diglicerídeos/farmacologia , Éteres/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ionomicina , Leucemia/patologia , Fosfatidilinositóis/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/imunologiaRESUMO
Although raising intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels is generally considered to be inhibitory on the mitogen-induced T cell proliferation, in this study we have shown that the addition of either dbcAMP (50 microM) or cholera toxin (1 ng/ml) resulted in an increase in [3H]thymidine uptake in PBMC cultures stimulated with phorbol ester, 12-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), or with a combination of TPA plus anti-CD3 mAb (mAb 235). In contrast, under similar culture conditions, the phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) response was inhibited by these agents as has been reported. The augmentative effect of dbcAMP in PBMC cultures was due to an increase in IL-2 production and not to increased in IL-2R-alpha chain expression. The enhancing effect of dbcAMP and CT observed with PBMC was monocyte dependent and not seen with purified T cell preparations. The addition of monocytes reconstituted the ability of intracellular cAMP elevating agents to augment the T cell response to TPA with and without mAb to CD3. The monocytes mediate their action via soluble factor(s) with molecular weight (m.w.) of more than 10 kDa. Neither rIL-1, rIL-6, nor rTNF-alpha have any augmentative effect as contrast with the supernatant from treated monocytes. Taken together, our results indicate that cAMP can play a positive regulatory role in T cell proliferation due to factor(s) secreted by dbcAMP-treated monocytes resulting in increased IL-2 synthesis in T cells.
Assuntos
AMP Cíclico/fisiologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Bucladesina/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Toxina da Cólera/farmacologia , Humanos , Interleucina-1/farmacologia , Interleucina-2/biossíntese , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Monócitos/fisiologia , Receptores de Interleucina-2/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologiaRESUMO
The mAb Tm 1 was obtained from a fusion of SP2/O tumor cells with spleen cells from CF1 mouse immunized with T cells modulated by an IgM anti-CD3 mAb.mAb Tm 1 reacted with IgM anti-CD3 modulated T cells (66.6%) but not with unmodulated T cells (4.4%). Tm 1 was not expressed on T cells modulated with either IgG2a or IgG1 anti-CD3 mAb. Immunoprecipitation from 125I-labeled CD3-modulated T cells showed that Tm 1 Ag is a single polypeptide of 33 kDa under reducing and nonreducing conditions. Kinetic studies revealed that Tm 1 was detectable on T cells 10 min after incubation and maximally expressed after 4 h of incubation with IgM anti-CD3 mAb. CD3 expression was markedly modulated by this anti-CD3 mAb after the same period of incubation. Studies with cycloheximide revealed that Tm 1 expression on T cells does not require new protein synthesis. Tm 1 expression persisted long after CD3-reexpression 24 h later. Tm 1 was present on a small fraction of circulating T cells, B cells, and monocytes and absent from granulocytes, platelets, E, and thymocytes. Tm 1 was not expressed on T cells after various activation stimuli but was expressed on B cells upon activation. Additional studies indicate that IgM mAb against other T cell differentiation Ag and IgM mAb against B cell Ag also lead to the expression of Tm 1 on these cells. Thus, modulation of surface Ag by IgM mAb externalizes this cytoplasmic Ag. However, one exception has been noted. Purified mAb Tm 1 was not mitogenic and was unable to block either the T cell proliferation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate plus anti-CD3 mAb and other T cell stimuli, or the B cell proliferation induced by B cell mitogens. The role of Tm 1 on lymphocyte function remains to be determined.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Antígenos de Diferenciação/análise , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Diferenciação/imunologia , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Complexo CD3 , Cicloeximida/farmacologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Leucemia Experimental/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/imunologiaRESUMO
The tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has diverse effects on lymphoid cell function. Two of the early effects were the induction of early activation antigen EA1 and the down-regulation of certain T cell differentiation antigens (CD3, CD4, CD7). The mechanisms of these TPA effects were investigated. It was confirmed that EA1 expression was dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Synthetic diacylglycerols were capable of inducing EA1 expression. In addition, inhibition of PKC by the kinase inhibitor, H7, led to the inhibition of EA1 expression induced by TPA and synthetic diacylglycerols. In contrast, down-regulation of T cell differentiation antigens by TPA was not dependent on PKC activation. Synthetic diacylglycerols did not induce down-regulation of T cell antigens and H7 had no effect on the down-regulation of T cell antigens induced by TPA. These data would suggest that TPA exerted its effects on T cell function by mechanisms in addition to the activation of PKC alone. One possible mechanism would be the activation of the calmodulin-dependent pathway(s) since its inhibition resulted in the reversal of TPA-induced down-regulation of the T cell differentiation antigens.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase C/fisiologia , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Antígenos de Superfície/metabolismo , Separação Celular , Diglicerídeos/farmacologia , Ativação Enzimática , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Lymphocyte homing patterns in young (3-5 months old) and old (10-12 months old) autoimmune prone NZB mice were investigated by transferring 51Cr labelled lymphoid cells into syngeneic and H-2 compatible allogeneic recipients. We confirmed that non H-2 alloantigens as well as H-2 alloantigens can be important determinants of apparent abnormalities of cellular distribution with the techniques employed. No gross abnormalities of lymphocyte traffic were present in the young NZB mice as compared to the autoimmune resistant strains of mice when syngeneic cells are used. Spleen of older NZB mice appeared to be less attractive to lymph node cells than was the spleen from young NZB mice. Splenocytes of older NZB mice localized significantly more in the liver and less in the lymph nodes as compared with splenocytes from young NZB mice. The mechanism underlying abnormalities of lymphoid cell distribution which feature the autoimmune-prone NZB mice are not yet clear and further studies will be necessary before they can be characterized definitively. Our findings, using syngeneic cells, are in disagreement with those of Zatz and Lance since evidence of abnormal distribution of lymphocytes in young NZB mice were not seen when syngeneic cells were employed.
Assuntos
Linfócitos/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos NZB/imunologia , Envelhecimento , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/epidemiologia , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Movimento Celular , Radioisótopos de Cromo , Feminino , Antígenos H-2/imunologia , Imunização Passiva , Injeções Intravenosas , Linfócitos/citologia , Tecido Linfoide/citologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Baço/citologia , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
The role of CD7, a T cell differentiation antigen, in T cell function is not known at present; this study evaluates the effect of anti-CD7 mAb in PMBC cultures activated with suboptimal concentrations of lectins, antigens, and anti-CD3 mAb. We found that the inclusion of anti-CD7 resulted in increased IL-2 production and IL-2R-alpha expression in these cultures. H-7, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, and genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, significantly suppressed the proliferation of T cells in comitogenic assays. This suggested that the comitogenic effect mediated by CD7 molecule involved both the PKC and the PTK pathways of T cell activation. These drugs appeared to affect the CD7-mediated effects by inhibiting the IL-2 autocrine pathway, especially the up-regulation of IL-2R-alpha since inhibition was not relieved with exogenous rIL-2. Taken together, our results suggest that CD7 augments T cell function by up-regulating IL-2R-alpha expression and IL-2 production via multiple pathways of protein phosphorylation.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Interleucina-2/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , 1-(5-Isoquinolinasulfonil)-2-Metilpiperazina , Antígenos CD7 , Complexo CD3 , Genisteína , Humanos , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitógenos/farmacologia , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-2/biossíntese , Transdução de Sinais , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
CD7+CD34+ lymphohematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow are capable of differentiating into either lymphocytes or myeloid cells. The mechanism whereby these bipotent progenitor cells are regulated is not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the role CD7 may play in the development of bipotent cells using two myeloid progenitor cell lines, KG-1 and KG-1a, as models for such cells. Our data showed that cross-linking CD7 on KG-1 and KG-1a cells induced transcription, translation, and secretion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Anti-CD7 antibody also augmented the colony formation by KG-1 cells. Protein synthesis in KG-1 cells also increased as a result of anti-CD7 stimulation. These phenomena could be blocked by anti-GM-CSF, and supported the notion that the secreted GM-CSF was the primary mediator of CD7 effects. Together, these findings suggest that the interaction between CD7 and its putative ligand may play an important role in hematopoietic development.