Altererythrobacter aquaemixtae sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated JSSK-8T, was isolated from the place where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju Island, South Korea. Strain JSSK-8T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain JSSK-8T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Altererythrobacter. Strain JSSK-8T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.7 and 97.2 % to the type strains of Altererythrobacteraestiaquae and Altererythrobacterluteolus, respectively, and of 93.5-96.2 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Altererythrobacter. Strain JSSK-8T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C17 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain JSSK-8T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain JSSK-8T was 59.0 mol%, and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of A. aestiaquae and A. luteolus were 13 and 16 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain JSSK-8T is separated from recognized species of the genus Altererythrobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain JSSK-8T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter, for which the name Altererythrobacter aquaemixtae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSSK-8T (=KCTC 52763T=NBRC 112764T).

Puniceibacterium confluentis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Puniceibacterium.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated JSSK-17T, was isolated from the place where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. Strain JSSK-17T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain JSSK-17T clustered with the type strains of Puniceibacterium antarcticum and Puniceibacterium sediminis, exhibiting sequence similarities of 98.1-98.2 %. Strain JSSK-17T and the type strains of P. antarcticum and P. sediminis contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The predominant polar lipids detected in strain JSSK-17T and the type strains of P. antarcticum and P. sediminis were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content of strain JSSK-17T was 64.4 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of P. antarcticum and P. sediminis were 24 and 15 %, respectively. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain JSSK-17T is separated from the two reference species of the genus Puniceibacteriumwith validly published names. On the basis of the data presented, strain JSSK-17T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Puniceibacterium, for which the name Puniceibacterium confluentis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSSK-17T (=KCTC 52765T=NBRC 112766T).

Algoriphagus aquaemixtae sp. nov., isolated from water in an estuary environment.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterium, designated strain KEM-10T, was isolated from water in an estuary environment in the Yellow Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain KEM-10T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KEM-10T belonged to the genus Algoriphagus, joining the type strain of Algoriphagus litorisediminis showing 97.4 % sequence similarity. Strain KEM-10T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 92.2-96.1 % to the type strains of the other Algoriphagus species. Strain KEM-10T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain KEM-10T were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The DNA G+C content of strain KEM-10T was 40.6 mol%. The mean DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain KEM-10T and the type strain of A. litorisediminis was 12 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain KEM-10T is separated from recognized species of the genus Algoriphagus. On the basis of the data presented, strain KEM-10T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus aquaemixtae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KEM-10T (=KCTC 52839T=NBRC 112780T).

Altererythrobacter aquiaggeris sp. nov., isolated from water of an estuary bank.

A Gram-stain-negative, oval- or short-rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated KEM-3T, was isolated from water of Geumgang Estuary Bank, South Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain KEM-3T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2-3% (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KEM-3T fell within the clade comprising Altererythrobacter species, clustering with Altererythrobacter confluentis KEM-4T and Altererythrobacter gangjinensis KJ7T, with which it exhibited 97.3 and 96.0 % sequence similarity, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain KEM-3T and the type strains of other Altererythrobacter species were 92.9-95.2 %. The DNA G+C content of strain KEM-3T was determined to be 59.0 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness with A. confluentis KEM-4T was 8.6±3.1 %. Strain KEM-3T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c), C17:1ω6c and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a sphingoglycolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain KEM-3T is distinguishable from other Altererythrobacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain KEM-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter, for which the name Altererythrobacter aquiaggeris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KEM-3T (=KCTC 52471T=NBRC 112425T).

Erythrobacter aquimixticola sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated JSSK-14T, was isolated from the place where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. Strain JSSK-14T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JSSK-14T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Erythrobacter. Strain JSSK-14T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.09-98.42 % to the type strains of Erythrobactergangjinensis, Erythrobacteratlanticus and Erythrobacterluteus and of 94.31-96.97 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Erythrobacter. Strain JSSK-14T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain JSSK-14T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain JSSK-14T was 63.5 mol%, and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of Erythrobactergangjinensis, Erythrobacteratlanticus and Erythrobacterluteus were 13-25 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain JSSK-14T is separated from recognized species of the genus Erythrobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain JSSK-14T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Erythrobacter, for which the name Erythrobacter aquimixticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSSK-14T (=KCTC 52764T=NBRC 112765T).

Pseudorhodobacter ponti sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, short-rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated HWR-46T, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea, South Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain HWR-46T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 20-25 °C and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HWR-46T fell within the clade comprising Pseudorhodobacter species, clustering with the type strain of Pseudorhodobacter aquimaris, with which it exhibited 98.4 % sequence similarity. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain HWR-46T and the type strains of other Pseudorhodobacter species was 95.1-96.3 %. The DNA G+C content of strain HWR-46T was 63.1 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness value with P. aquimaris HDW-19T was 24.6±1.5 %. Strain HWR-46T contained only Q-10 as the ubiquinone and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain HWR-46T is distinguishable from other Pseudorhodobacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain HWR-46T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pseudorhodobacter, for which the name Pseudorhodobacter ponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HWR-46T (=KCTC 52470T=NBRC 112426T).

Roseobacter ponti sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, coccoid to oval-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated MM-7T, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea, South Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain MM-7T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MM-7T joins the branch comprising the species of the genus Roseobacter, clustering with the type strains of Roseobacter litoralis and Roseobacter denitrificans, with which it exhibited 97.9 and 96.8 % sequence similarity values, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain MM-7T was determined to be 60.8 mol%, and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Rsb. litoralis JCM 21268T was 10.3±0.4 %. Strain MM-7T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain MM-7T is distinguishable from other species of the genus Roseobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain MM-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseobacter, for which the name Roseobacter ponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MM-7T (=KCTC 52469T=NBRC 112431T).

Nonlabens aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain OITF-31T, was isolated from a tidal flat in Oido, an island of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain OITF-31T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain OITF-31T belonged to the genus Nonlabens, clustering with the type strains of Nonlabens dokdonensis and Nonlabens xylanidelens, sharing 98.1 % sequence similarity with each. Strain OITF-31T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.9-95.8 % to the type strains of other Nonlabens species and less than of 91.8 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain OITF-31T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain OITF-31T were phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain OITF-31T was 38.1 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of N. dokdonensis and N. xylanidelens were 24 and 19 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain OITF-31T is separated from recognized species of the genus Nonlabens. On the basis of the data presented, strain OITF-31T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonlabens, for which the name Nonlabens aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OITF-31T (=KCTC 52502T=NBRC 112459T).

Roseovarius aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated GHTF-24T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. The novel strain grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain GHTF-24T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Roseovarius. Strain GHTF-24T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.0 % to each of Roseovariushalotolerans HJ50T and Roseovariuspacificus 81-2T and of 91.6-96.5 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Roseovarius. Strain GHTF-24T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain GHTF-24T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GHTF-24T was 62.3 mol%, and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of R. halotolerans and R.pacificus were 13-16 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GHTF-24T is separated from other recognized species of the genus Roseovarius. On the basis of the data presented, strain GHTF-24T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GHTF-24T (=KCTC 52454T=NBRC 112420T).

Lutibacter litorisediminis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated OITF-20T, was isolated from the tidal flat in Oido, an island of South Korea. The novel strain grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain OITF-20T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Lutibacter. Strain OITF-20T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.8, 97.6 and 97.6 % to the type strains of Lutibactercrassostreae, Lutibacterflavus and Lutibacterlitoralis, respectively, of 94.9-96.8 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Lutibacter and of less than 93.4 % to the type strains of the other recognized species. Strain OITF-20T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, C15 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain OITF-20T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain OITF-20T was 31.1 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of L. crassostreae, L. flavus and L. litoralis were 17-27 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain OITF-20T is separated from other recognized species of the genus Lutibacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain OITF-20T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lutibacter, for which the name Lutibacter litorisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OITF-20T (=KCTC 52501T=NBRC 112458T).

Colwellia mytili sp. nov., isolated from mussel Mytilus edulis.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated RA2-7T, was isolated from a mussel (Mytilus edulis) collected from the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain RA2-7T grew optimally at 20 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RA2-7T belonged to the genus Colwellia. Strain RA2-7T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.3, 98.0 and 97.5 % to the type strains of Colwellia sediminilitoris, Colwellia aestuarii and Colwellia polaris, respectively, and of 94.5-96.5 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Colwellia. Strain RA2-7T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain RA2-7T were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain RA2-7T was 39.0±0.04 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of C. sediminilitoris, C. aestuarii and C. polaris were 14-19 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain RA2-7T is separated from recognized species of the genus Colwellia. On the basis of the data presented, strain RA2-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Colwellia, for which the name Colwellia mytili sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RA2-7T (=KCTC 52417T=NBRC 112381T).

Lewinella aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-staining-negative, oval- or rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated HDW-36T, was isolated from seawater off the Korean peninsula. Strain HDW-36T was found to grow optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HDW-36T falls within the clade comprising thespecies of the genus Lewinella, clustering with the type strains of Lewinella xylanilytica and Lewinella marina, with which it exhibited 95.9 % and 95.2 % sequence similarity values, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain HDW-36T and type strains of other species of the genus Lewinella were 88.4-92.8 %. Strain HDW-36T was found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain HDW-36T was determined to be 60.9 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrate that strain HDW-36T is distinguishable from other species of the genus Lewinella. On the basis of the data presented, strain HDW-36T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Lewinella aquimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Lewinella aquimaris is HDW-36T (=KCTC 42719T=CECT 8901T).

Devosia confluentis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater lake, and reclassification of two Vasilyevaea species as Devosia enhydra comb. nov. and Devosia mishustinii comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and pleomorphic bacterium, designated HJR-2T, was isolated from a junction between the ocean and a freshwater lake on the East Sea, South Korea. It grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain HJR-2T clustered with the type strains of Vasilyevaea enhydra and Vasilyevaea mishustinii and this cluster fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Devosia species. Strain HJR-2T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.2 and 97.0 % to the type strains of V. enhydra and V. mishustinii, respectively, and 93.9-96.2 % to the type strains of Devosia species. Strain HJR-2T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 as major fatty acids. Major polar lipids of strain HJR-2T were phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of V. enhydra and V. mishustinii were 11-17 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylo genetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain HJR-2T is separated from V. enhydra, V. mishustinii and Devosia species. On the basis of the data presented, strain HJR-2T (=KCTC 52211T=NBRC 112271T) is considered to be the type strain of a novel species of the genus Devosia, for which the name Devosiaconfluentis sp. nov. is proposed. In this study, it is also proposed that V. enhydra and V. mishustinii be reclassified as members of the genus Devosia.

Maliponia aquimaris gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, coccoid- or oval-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated MM-10T, belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea, Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain MM-10T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MM-10T fell within the clade comprising members of the genera Mameliella, Sagittula, Antarctobacter and Ponticoccus. Strain MM-10T exhibited a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.7 % with respect to the type strain of Mameliella alba. The DNA G+C content of strain MM-10T was 66.0 mol% and its mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness with M. alba LMG 24665T was 12.3±1.4 % . Strain MM-10T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrate that strain MM-10T is distinguishable from recognized species of the genera Mameliella, Sagittula and Antarctobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain MM-10T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Maliponia aquimaris gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Maliponia aquimaris is MM-10T (=KCTC 42721T=CECT 8898T).

Marivivens donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, aerobic and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated AM-4T, was isolated from seawater collected from the East Sea, South Korea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. The novel strain grew optimally at 30-35 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AM-4T forms a distinct evolutionary lineage independent of other taxa of the family Rhodobacteraceae. Strain AM-4T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.1-95.5 % to the type strains of Aestuariihabitans beolgyonensis, Donghicola eburneus and Pseudooctadecabacter jejudonensis, and of less than 94.9 % to the type strains of other taxa. Strain AM-4T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain AM-4T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified glycolipid. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain AM-4T were distinguished from those of the phylogenetically related taxa. The DNA G+C content of strain AM-4T was 57.2 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain AM-4T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Marivivens donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the type species is AM-4T ( = KCTC 42776T = CECT 8947T).

Algoriphagus confluentis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater lake.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated HJM-2T, was isolated from the place where the ocean and a freshwater lake meet at Hwajinpo, South Korea, and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain HJM-2T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HJM-2T belonged to the genus Algoriphagus, clustering coherently with the type strain of A. taiwanensis. Strain HJM-2T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.6 and 97.2 % to A. taiwanensis CC-RR-82T and A. boseongensis BS-R1T, respectively, and 92.7-96.7 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Algoriphagus. Strain HJM-2T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain HJM-2T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain HJM-2T was 45 mol% and mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of A. taiwanensis and A. boseongensis were 10-19 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain HJM-2T is separated from recognized species of the genus Algoriphagus. On the basis of the data presented, strain HJM-2T represents a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus confluentis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJM-2T ( = KCTC 42704T = NBRC 111222T).

Pseudoroseicyclus aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DB-4T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea, South Korea. Strain DB-4T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of approximately 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DB-4T clustered with the type strain of Roseicyclus mahoneyensis, showing sequence similarity of 94.8 %. It exhibited sequence similarity values of 95.6-96.1 % to the type strains of Loktanella soesokkakensis, Loktanella hongkongensis, Loktanella variabilis, Loktanella aestuariicola and Loktanella cinnabarina. Strain DB-4T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1ω7c and cyclo C19:0ω8c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain DB-4T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain DB-4T were distinguished from those of the type strains of R. mahoneyensis and some phylogenetically related Loktanella species. The DNA G+C content of strain DB-4T was 69.2 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain DB-4T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Pseudoroseicyclus aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain ofPseudoroseicyclus aestuarii is DB-4T (=KCTC 52038T=CECT 9025T).

Marinobacterium aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic, rod- or ovoid-shaped bacterium, designated DB-1T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea in South Korea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain DB-1T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 0.5-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DB-1T falls within the clade comprising species of the genus Marinobacterium, clustering coherently with the type strain of Marinobacterium nitratireducens and showing a sequence similarity value of 98.4 %. The novel strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 91.5-94.4 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Marinobacterium. Strain DB-1T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and C16:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain DB-1T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain DB-1T was 62.3 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value with the type strain of M. nitratireducens was 21±4.6%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DB-1T is separated from recognized species of the genus Marinobacterium. On the basis of the data presented, strain DB-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinobacterium, for which the name Marinobacterium aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DB-1T (=KCTC 42778T=NBRC 111756T).

Colwellia sediminilitoris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated YSM-23T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the South Sea in South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain YSM-23T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YSM-23T represented a member of the genus Colwellia. Strain YSM-23T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.0, 97.4 and 97.3 % to the type strains of Colwellia aestuarii, Colwellia polaris and Colwellia chukchiensis, respectively, and of 94.5-96.8 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Colwellia. Strain YSM-23T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain YSM-23T were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain YSM-23T was 43.8±0.08 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strain of C. aestuarii, C. polaris and C. chukchiensis were 10±3.5-22±4.9 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain YSM-23T is separated from species of the genus Colwelliawith validly published names. On the basis of the data presented, strain YSM-23T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Colwellia, for which the name Colwellia sediminilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YSM-23T (=KCTC 52213T=NBRC 111994T).

Gaetbulibacter aquiaggeris sp. nov., a member of the Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KEM-8T, was isolated from seawater in the Korean peninsula. Strain KEM-8T was found to grow optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KEM-8T falls within the clade comprising species of the genus Gaetbulibacter, clustering with the type strains of Gaetbulibacter marinus and Gaetbulibacter lutimaris with which it exhibits 98.4 and 97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. Sequence similarities to Gaetbulibacter saemankumensis SMK-12T and Gaetbulibacter aestuarii KCTC 23303T were 95.4 and 95.2 %, respectively. Strain KEM-8T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain KEM-8T was 36.0 mol% and mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with G. marinus KCTC 23046T and G. lutimaris D1-y4T were 27.6 ± 0.9 and 10.3 ± 1.4 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain KEM-8T is distinguishable from species of the genus Gaetbulibacter with validly published names. On the basis of the data presented, strain KEM-8T represents a novel species of the genus Gaetbulibacter, for which the name Gaetbulibacter aquiaggeris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KEM-8T ( = KCTC 42198T = NBRC 110553T).