[Sonography of the hip joint in skeletal dysplasias and chromosome disorders]. / Sonographie des Hüftgelenkes bei Skelettdysplasien und Chromosomopathien.

The preliminary results of ultrasound of the hip in patients with skeletal dysplasias and chromosomal aberrations are described. Pathology of the hip joint can be demonstrated by ultrasound; especially the entities with abundant cartilage can be visualized by sonography. Ultrasound of the hip is a valuable method in the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias complementary to plain x-ray surveys.

[Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral and spinal masses in children]. / Magnetische Resonanztomographie in der Diagnostik zerebraler und spinaler Prozesse im Kindesalter.

The results of the first 71 magnetic resonance studies in 57 children are analysed. Indications, advantages and disadvantages of MR in this age group are described and compared with the results reported in recent literature.

Direct magnification radiography in pediatric radiology.

Some indications in which direct magnification radiography might be useful in the diagnosis of newborns and infants are illustrated. We believe direct magnification radiography is useful especially in respiratory distress syndrome, suspected aspiration of amniotic fluid and meconium, suspected pneumonia, mediastinal pathology, in newborns and infants and metabolic and inflammatory diseases of the skeletal system in older children.

Esophageal roentgenographic "abnormalities" in patients without esophageal symptoms.

Esophageal roentgenographic studies were done on 100 persons with no esophageal symptoms to determine the range of normal anatomy and motor activity. Sixty-three persons had at least one "abnormality." Fifty-eight had an hiatal hernia, 42 had rings of one sort or another, and 21 had motor disorders. The high incidence of rings which can be demonstrated by maximal distention of the lower esophagus is of special interest in view of the recent additions to knowledge of the anatomy of this area. The range of what should be considered normal roentgenographically should be widened, and the physician should interpret with caution reports of esophageal abnormalities in asymptomatic persons.

Classification of the skeletal dysplasias and the radiologic approach to their differentiation.

This chapter presents a radiological classification of skeletal dysplasias, based upon the approved nomenclature of this group of disorders. This provides a practical approach to the problem of the radiological diagnosis of patients suffering from intrinsic diseases of the skeletal system, and should encourage universal adoption of the Paris Nomenclature of skeletal dysplasias in the future. Unclassifiable disorders eventually may be submitted to another conference of authorities in the field for the purpose of further refinement of the present classification.

Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome. Report of a sporadic case.

A female newborn of healthy parents demonstrates the combination of postaxial hexadactyly type B of the hands (X-ray investigations show in addition duplicated terminal phalanges of the thumbs), preaxial hexadactyly of the toes, partial and total syndactyly of the fingers and toes. These findings are compatible with the diagnosis of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome. Dyscrania can not be demonstrated. In addition, our patient exhibits genu recurvatum on the left side resulting from intrauterine deformation. Sonography of the head reveals normal formation of the corpus callosum. The neurological status of our baby is inconspicious, and the psychomotor development up to the age of 2 5/12 years normal. The differential diagnosis of this characteristic combination of pre- and postaxial polydactyly has to consider the acrocallosal syndrome. In sporadic cases of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome it is important to investigate and follow the neurological status of the patients and in particular to use sonography to document the intact corpus callosum. Patients with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome have a normal development, children with the acrocallosal syndrome are retarded.

[Prenatal diagnosis of Caffey's disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis)]. / Pränatale Diagnosestellung bei Caffey'scher Erkrankung (infantile kortikale Hyperostose).

Report of the 10th case of infantile cortical hyperostosis (ICH), diagnosed in utero. Because of a hydramnion noted in the 29th week of gestation, a 38 years old pregnant women was admitted to hospital. Ultrasound, radiographs of the unborn child and amninography were obtained. The radiographic and clinical signs of Caffey's disease are reviewed, and the literature particularly reports on prenatal onset are analyzed. The present "etiologic theories" are discussed.

[Present status and limits of sonography in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. / Heutiger Stellenwert und Grenzen der Sonographie in der Diagnostik der hypertrophen Pylorusstenose.

Ultrasound studies of 46 infants with clinically suspected hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and of a control group of 30 infants were performed. The value and the limits of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and the indications for upper gastrointestinal studies are discussed. Criteria for the ultrasound diagnosis of pyloric stenosis are established.

[Intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia]. / Intraperikardiale Zwerchfellhernie.

Report of a case with congenital right sided intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia. This type of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs only rarely. Until 1984 30 cases are recorded in the available literature.

Primary (isolated) bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia: a comparative study of radiologic findings and autopsy results.

Comparative radiologic/pathologic study of 45 newborns with primary and secondary pulmonary hypoplasia is presented and 43 cases were proven at autopsy. From 9 cases with primary pulmonary hypoplasia, 7 could be identified by 3 independent observers on chest radiographs. The roentgen criteria of primary pulmonary hypoplasia are evaluated and should serve in future to diagnose this condition clinically.

[Child abuse and neglect (author's transl)]. / Der verschleierte Pflegeschaden

In this paper the "verschleierter Pflegeschaden" is defined. The syndrome is well discribed by the English expression "child abuse and neglect". However the German expression is used to avoid prejudice and offense to the caretakers before the culprit is found. The clinical and mainly the radiological symptoms are listed with reference to recent literature dealing with the diagnostic value of these symptoms. The "verschleierter Pflegeschaden" includes problems of malnutrition and rickets as well as scurvy. They are partly evidence of neglect. Short reference is made to differential-diagnosis. Psychological, socioeconomical and family problems involved are briefly mentioned in respect to statistical data. They are included in this brief survey in order to lead from the mere collection of radiological symptoms to an understanding of the many different aspects of the clinical syndrome. The necessity of early diagnosis and rapid information of the referring physician and/or institution is pointed out. Both, the high incidence of reocurrence rate and the high risk for siblings requires immediate action.

[Ewing's sarcoma of the rib]. / Ewing-Sarkom der Rippe.

In addition to eosinophilic granuloma, chondroma, osteochondroma, aneurysmatic bone cyst, and osteomyelitis, the differential diagnosis of primary costal tumors in children must also include Ewing's sarcoma. Radiologic diagnostic problems in localizing the tumor, in differential diagnosis, and the importance of imaging procedures are discussed with reference to a 16-year-old female patient.