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1.
J Phys Ther Sci ; 34(10): 683-688, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36213190

RESUMO

[Purpose] To identify the lumbar loading movements necessary in clinical practice. [Participants and Methods] A questionnaire survey was conducted among physical and occupational therapists in Japan. There were no exclusion criteria regarding the number of years of experience, age, or field of employment. The participants were randomly selected and administered the questionnaire. They were asked to list and rank the lumbar loadings they considered necessary. [Results] A total of 739 respondents participated in the survey. The results of this nationwide survey indicated that the lifting movement of heavy objects in the trunk flexion position was the most common movement (for 354 participants). [Conclusion] The main loading movements of the lumbar spine were reported to be heavy lifting movements (in the trunk flexion position) and trunk rotation movements. As perspectives, we aim to conduct an analytical study of some of lumbar spine loading movements outlined in this study, using a musculoskeletal simulator and electromyography.

2.
Genes Dev ; 26(16): 1811-24, 2012 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22895252

RESUMO

In fission yeast, siRNA is generated from pericentromeric noncoding RNA by the RNAi machinery. siRNA synthesis and heterochromatin formation are interdependent, forming a self-reinforcing loop on chromatin. In this system, siRNA is amplified by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RDRC) and the endoribonuclease Dcr1, which synthesizes dsRNA and processes the dsRNA, respectively. The amplification is essential for stable heterochromatin formation. Here, a novel gene, dsh1(+) (defect of the gene silencing at centromeric heterochromatin), is identified as an essential component of RNAi-directed heterochromatin assembly. Loss of dsh1(+) abolishes normal RNAi function and heterochromatic gene silencing at pericentromeres. Dsh1 interacts with Dcr1 and RDRC and couples the reactions of both proteins to the effective production of siRNA in vivo. Dsh1 binds to heterochromatin in the absence of RDRC, while RDRC requires Dsh1 for its chromatin-binding activity, suggesting that Dsh1 recruits RDRC to chromatin. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that Dsh1 forms foci at the nuclear periphery, and some Dsh1 foci colocalize with Dcr1 and RDRC. Dsh1 is required for the colocalization of Dcr1 and RDRC. Moreover, loss of the nuclear periphery localization of Dsh1 abolishes Dsh1 function. Taken together, these results suggest that Dsh1 assembles the RNAi machinery on heterochromatin and forms a perinuclear compartment for amplification of heterochromatic siRNA.


Assuntos
Cromatina/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe , Schizosaccharomyces , Endorribonucleases/metabolismo , Heterocromatina/metabolismo , Mutação , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Transporte Proteico , Schizosaccharomyces/genética , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/genética , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/metabolismo
3.
Biol Pharm Bull ; 41(5): 743-748, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29709911

RESUMO

Sphingolipids are putative intracellular signal mediators in cell differentiation, growth inhibition, and apoptosis. Especially, sphingoid base-backbones of sphingolipids (sphingosine, sphinganine, and phytosphingosine) and their metabolites N-acyl-sphingoid bases (ceramides) are highly bioactive. In skin, one of the caspases, caspase-14, is expressed predominantly in cornifying epithelia, and caspase-14 plays an important role in keratinocyte differentiation. As ceramides were surrounding lipids in the keratinocytes and ceramides stimulate keratinocyte differentiation, we therefore examined the upregulation of caspase-14 by various sphingoid bases and ceramide. Sphingosine, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, and C2-ceramide treatment at the doses not damaging cells significantly increased caspase-14 mRNA and protein expression in dose-dependent manner on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. These results indicated that sphingoid bases and ceramide upregulated caspase-14 mRNA to increase intracellular caspase-14 protein level. We next examined the caspase-14 upregulation mechanism by sphingoid bases. We used the most effective sphingoid base, phytosphingosine, and revealed that specific inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38 and c-jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), blocked caspase-14 expression. This indicates that phytosphingosine upregulation of caspase-14 is involved of p38 and JNK activation. Moreover, phytosphingosine induced caspase-14 upregulation in vivo, suggesting that sphingoid bases were involved in keratinocyte differentiation by affecting caspase-14.


Assuntos
Caspase 14/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Esfingosina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Caspase 14/genética , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ceramidas/farmacologia , Humanos , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/metabolismo , Esfingosina/farmacologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos
4.
Genes Cells ; 21(8): 812-32, 2016 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27334362

RESUMO

Inner nuclear membrane proteins interact with chromosomes in the nucleus and are important for chromosome activity. Lem2 and Man1 are conserved members of the LEM-domain nuclear membrane protein family. Mutations of LEM-domain proteins are associated with laminopathy, but their cellular functions remain unclear. Here, we report that Lem2 maintains genome stability in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. S. pombe cells disrupted for the lem2(+) gene (lem2∆) showed slow growth and increased rate of the minichromosome loss. These phenotypes were prominent in the rich culture medium, but not in the minimum medium. Centromeric heterochromatin formation was augmented upon transfer to the rich medium in wild-type cells. This augmentation of heterochromatin formation was impaired in lem2∆ cells. Notably, lem2∆ cells occasionally exhibited spontaneous duplication of genome sequences flanked by the long-terminal repeats of retrotransposons. The resulting duplication of the lnp1(+) gene, which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, suppressed lem2∆ phenotypes, whereas the lem2∆ lnp1∆ double mutant showed a severe growth defect. A combination of mutations in Lem2 and Bqt4, which encodes a nuclear membrane protein that anchors telomeres to the nuclear membrane, caused synthetic lethality. These genetic interactions imply that Lem2 cooperates with the nuclear membrane protein network to regulate genome stability.


Assuntos
Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina/genética , Heterocromatina/genética , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/genética , Schizosaccharomyces/genética , Retículo Endoplasmático/genética , Lamina Tipo A/genética , Mutação , Membrana Nuclear/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Telômero/genética
5.
Xenobiotica ; 47(11): 951-961, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27841072

RESUMO

1. Cytochrome P450s (CYP) are a major group of metabolizing enzymes for xenobiotics in humans and other mammals. The properties of CYP isoforms in the domestic cat, an obligate carnivore, are largely unknown at present. In this study, we studied relative expression in tissues and enzymatic properties of nine significant feline CYP isoforms. 2. CYP2E2 transcript was most abundant in the feline liver, followed by CYP2A13 and 2E1. Transcripts of CYP3A131, 1A2 and 1A1 were also present in the liver, while CYP2D6 and 3A132 were only slightly expressed. CYP3A131 was a major transcript in the small intestine. 3. Four major CYP isoforms in the feline liver and small intestine (CYP1A2, CYP2A13, CYP2E2 and CYP3A131) were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to generate functional monooxygenase systems. We carried out screenings of 17 test compounds known to be inhibitors of CYP isoforms in other mammals as well as two anticancer drugs to assess the activity modulation of feline CYP isoforms using fluorogenic substrates. These CYP isoforms showed similar selectivity to counterparts in other mammals against inhibitors as a whole but with many exceptions. 4. The present study suggests the usefulness of the feline CYP recombinant system to obtain chemical affinity information and possible drug interactions in CYP metabolism of domestic cats.


Assuntos
Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Animais , Gatos , Interações Medicamentosas , Xenobióticos/metabolismo
6.
Genes Genet Syst ; 992024 Apr 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38447993

RESUMO

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model organism for studying chromatin regulation with high-resolution genome-wide analyses. Since newly generated genome-wide data are often compared with publicly available datasets, expanding our dataset repertoire will be beneficial for the field. Information on transcription start sites (TSSs) determined at base pair resolution is essential for elucidating mechanisms of transcription and related chromatin regulation, yet no datasets that cover two different cell types are available. Here, we present a CAGE (cap analysis of gene expression) dataset for a-cells and α-cells grown in defined and rich media. Cell type-specific genes were differentially expressed as expected, ensuring the reliability of the data. Some of the differentially expressed TSSs were medium-specific or detected due to unrecognized chromosome rearrangement. By comparing the CAGE data with a high-resolution nucleosome map, major TSSs were primarily found in +1 nucleosomes, with a peak approximately 30 bp from the promoter-proximal end of the nucleosome. The dataset is available at DDBJ/GEA.


Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Nucleossomos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Cromatina/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética
7.
Genes Cells ; 17(3): 218-33, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22280061

RESUMO

Certain noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) implicated in the regulation of chromatin structure associate with chromatin. During the formation of RNAi-directed heterochromatin in fission yeast, ncRNAs transcribed from heterochromatin are thought to recruit the RNAi machinery to chromatin for the formation of heterochromatin; however, the molecular details of this association are not clear. Here, using RNA immunoprecipitation assay, we showed that the heterochromatic ncRNA was associated with chromatin via the formation of a DNA-RNA hybrid and bound to the RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) complex. The presence of DNA-RNA hybrid in the cell was also confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis using anti-DNA-RNA hybrid antibody. Over-expression and depletion of RNase H in vivo decreased and increased the amount of DNA-RNA hybrid formed, respectively, and both disturbed heterochromatin. Moreover, DNA-RNA hybrid was formed on, and over-expression of RNase H inhibited the formation of, artificial heterochromatin induced by tethering of RITS to mRNA. These results indicate that heterochromatic ncRNAs are retained on chromatin via the formation of DNA-RNA hybrids and provide a platform for the RNAi-directed heterochromatin assembly and suggest that DNA-RNA hybrid formation plays a role in chromatic ncRNA function.


Assuntos
DNA/genética , Heterocromatina/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , RNA não Traduzido/genética , Imunoprecipitação da Cromatina/métodos , DNA/química , DNA/metabolismo , Heterocromatina/química , Heterocromatina/genética , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , RNA não Traduzido/química , RNA não Traduzido/metabolismo , Ribonuclease H/química , Schizosaccharomyces/genética , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo
8.
Cureus ; 15(9): e45074, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37842485

RESUMO

Backgrounds During the COVID-19 pandemic, visitor restrictions in healthcare settings adversely affected patients. Video calls have emerged as an essential digital alternative that can decrease patients' anxiety and improve satisfaction. This study investigated whether family-initiated video calls could mitigate delirium symptoms and risky behaviors and enhance patients' comprehension of instructions. Methods This observational study used medical chart data and the Diem Payment System from a single acute care hospital in Fukuoka, Japan. The study involved patients hospitalized between May 2020 and August 2021 who used video chat systems. Patients or their relatives used video calls through Skype. The frequency of video chat use served as the primary exposure. Changes in the patients' risky behaviors and instruction comprehension upon discharge were the primary outcomes. Results A total of 532 patients were included in the study, with an average age of over 70 years. After implementing the inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment, an improved balance across age, sex, BMI categories, and other variables was observed. The effects of video calls on risky behaviors and instruction comprehension varied. Patients with three or more video calls showed distinct effects compared with those with fewer calls. When hospitalization was limited to three weeks, video calls noticeably influenced risky behaviors (p=0.022, 95% CI:1.08-2.63), but not instruction comprehension (p=0.226, 95% CI:0.43-1.22). Conclusions The use of video calls as a visitation method in acute care hospitals during a pandemic suggests that video calls reduce risky behaviors in patients with a three-week stay. This alternative to physical visitations contributes positively to patient safety and supports ongoing efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

9.
MicroPubl Biol ; 20222022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35783577

RESUMO

RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is a highly conserved complex that catalyzes the transcription of rRNA precursors in the nucleolus. In this study, we isolated a temperature-sensitive (ts) allele of Rpa2, the second largest subunit of Pol I in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . We found that rpa2 ts cells were severely defective in growth at temperatures above 32 °C. We also found that rpa2 ts cells showed aberrant chromosome segregation and an abnormal ring-like nuclear structure at the restrictive temperature. These findings suggest that Rpa2 is essential for faithful nuclear division and nuclear structural organization in S. pombe .

11.
J Vet Med Sci ; 73(11): 1489-92, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21712641

RESUMO

Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) is the major subfamily of CYP, one of the most important metabolizing enzymes for drugs in humans and other mammals. We found two novel CYP3A genes, CYP3A131 and CYP3A132 in domestic cats (Felis catus). Both feline CYP3A proteins consist of 504 deduced amino acids and show high identity with canine CYP3A homologues and those of some artiodactyls. CYP3A131 transcripts were expressed predominantly in liver and small intestine, and to a negligible extent in other tissues, including brain, heart, kidney and lung. CYP3A132 expression was only detected in liver with much lesser amount. These results suggest the possible major role of CYP3A131 in xenobiotic metabolism including first-pass effects in domestic cats.


Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Gatos , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/química , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/química , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , DNA Complementar/análise , DNA Complementar/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Especificidade de Órgãos , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária
12.
Br J Haematol ; 123(1): 72-80, 2003 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14510945

RESUMO

Cyclin A (A2) and cyclin A1 are members of the G2 cyclins, which are involved in the control of G2/M and G1/S transitions as well as mitosis. Human cyclin A1 was cloned as an A-type cyclin that is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The clinical significance of these cyclins in myeloid leukaemia remains to be clarified. We investigated the relative levels of these transcripts in 80 patients with de novo AML. Correlations with clinical parameters showed that the initial white blood cell count and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were inversely associated with cyclin A (A2) mRNA levels (r = -0.276, P = 0.019) and cyclin A1 mRNA levels (r = -0.241, P = 0.042) respectively. They were independently associated with increased overall survival [P = 0.035 for cyclin A (A2) and P = 0.016 for cyclin A1]. Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model showed that elevated cyclin A1 mRNA levels contributed significantly to the better prognosis of patients with AML. Furthermore, the analysis of survival probability showed that the group with high levels of both cyclin A (A2) and A1 survived significantly longer than the group with low expression of both these cyclins (P = 0.002). These data indicate that high expression levels of both cyclin A (A2) and A1 are associated with good prognosis in AML patients.


Assuntos
Ciclina A/genética , Ciclinas/genética , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Ciclina A1 , Feminino , Humanos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Leucemia Mieloide/imunologia , Leucemia Mieloide/mortalidade , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Taxa de Sobrevida
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