Effectiveness and safety of subthreshold vibration over suprathreshold vibration in treatment of muscle fatigue in elderly people.

Muscle fatigue is common in many populations, particularly elderlies. Aging increases the incidence of muscle fatigue and delays its recovery. There is a huge debate about the current treatments for muscle fatigue, particularly in elderlies. Recently, it has been discovered that mechanoreceptors have an important role as a sensory system in sensing muscle fatigue which could enhance the body's response to muscle fatigue. The function of mechanoreceptors could be enhanced by applying either suprathreshold or subthreshold vibration. Although suprathreshold vibration improves muscle fatigue, it can cause desensitization of cutaneous receptors, discomfort, and paresthesia, which are barriers to clinical use. Subthreshold vibration has been approved as a safe and effective method of training for mechanoreceptors; however, its use and effectiveness in muscle fatigue have never been tested or explained. Possible physiological effects of subthreshold vibration in the treatment of muscle fatigue include: (1) Enhancing the function of mechanoreceptors themselves; (2) Increasing the firing rate and function of alpha motor neurons; (3) Increasing blood flow to fatigued muscles; (4) Decreasing the rate of muscle cell death in elderlies (sarcopenia); and (5) Driving motor commands and allow better performance of muscles to decrease fatigue incidence. In conclusion, the use of subthreshold vibration could be a safe and effective treatment for muscle fatigue in elderlies. It could enhance recovery from muscle fatigue. Finally, Subthreshold Vibration is safe and effective in treating muscle fatigue in comparison to suprathreshold vibration.

A Novel Hydroxyapatite/Vitamin B12 Nanoformula for Treatment of Bone Damage: Preparation, Characterization, and Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities in Chemically Induced Arthritic Rats.

The usage of nanomaterials for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment can improve bioavailability and enable selective targeting. The current study prepares and evaluates the in vivo biological effects of a novel hydroxyapatite/vitamin B12 nanoformula in Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. The synthesized nanoformula was characterized using XRD, FTIR, BET analysis, HERTEM, SEM, particle size, and zeta potential. We synthesized pure HAP NPs with 71.01% loading weight percentages of Vit B12 and 49 mg/g loading capacity. Loading of vitamin B12 on hydroxyapatite was modeled by Monte Carlo simulation. Anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of the prepared nanoformula were assessed. Treated arthritic rats showed lower levels of RF and CRP, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-17, and ADAMTS-5, but higher IL-4 and TIMP-3 levels. In addition, the prepared nanoformula increased GSH content and GST antioxidant activity while decreasing LPO levels. Furthermore, it reduced the expression of TGF-ß mRNA. Histopathological examinations revealed an improvement in joint injuries through the reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration, cartilage deterioration, and bone damage caused by Complete Freund's adjuvant. These findings indicate that the anti-arthritic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of the prepared nanoformula could be useful for the development of new anti-arthritic treatments.

Therapeutic Potential of Zeolites/Vitamin B12 Nanocomposite on Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis as a Bone Disorder: In Vivo Study and Bio-Molecular Investigations.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease. As nanotechnology has advanced, a growing number of nanodrugs have been used in the treatment of RA due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of a novel zeolite/vitamin B12 nanocomposite (Nano ZT/Vit B12) formulation in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. The newly synthesized Nano ZT/Vit B12 was fully characterized using various techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, BET analysis, HERTEM, SEM, practical size, zeta potential, XRF, and EDX. The anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities as well as the immunomodulation effect of Nano ZT/Vit B12 on the CFA rat model of arthritis were examined. Histopathologic ankle joint injuries caused by CFA intrapedal injection included synovium hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and extensive cartilage deterioration. The arthritic rats' Nano ZT/Vit B12 supplementation significantly improved these effects. Furthermore, in arthritic rats, Nano ZT/Vit B12 significantly reduced serum levels of RF and CRP, as well as the levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-17, and ADAMTS-5, while increasing IL-4 and TIMP-3 levels. Nano-ZT/Vit B12 significantly declined the LPO level and increased antioxidant activities, such as GSH content and GST activity, in the arthritic rats. In arthritic rats, Nano ZT/Vit B12 also reduced TGF-ß mRNA gene expression and MMP-13 protein levels. Collectively, Nano ZT/Vit B12 seems to have anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a promising option for RA in the future.

An Herbal Nanohybrid Formula of Epigallocatechin Gallate-Chitosan-Alginate Efficiently Restrict the Sexual Dysfunction Adverse Effect of ß-Adrenergic Antagonist Drug: Propranolol.

The clinical studies proved the adverse effect of Propranolol on sexual function. Regarding this issue, the key research question of this study was, whether the designed herbal nanohybrid formula EGCG-chitosan-alginate has an efficacy versus Propranolol, or not? The formula was optimized according to the coacervation method. Its molecular structure and characteristics were confirmed. The entrapment efficiency was determined, and the stability, as well in vitro release study was conducted. The in vivo study was conducted for 65 days. To answer the raised question, tissue weights of the testis, epididymis seminal vesicles, and prostate were determined. Oxidative stress markers as MDA and GSH were measured in testis and epididymis, while testosterone in blood serum. The semen analysis was performed. DNA damage was detected according to the comet assay procedures. Conventional pathological examination was done in special concern to testis and epididymis. The characterization results reflected the good preparation of the formula with an amorphous structure in a range of 200 nm, high stability with ZP + 57.3 mV. The calculated EE was 84.10 ± 1.19% and the release percent was 72.11 ± 0.77% for 24 hrs. All the rats increased in the weight with variations among the groups in the tissue organs. The finding exposed a significant decrease in the average of MDA in the rats' testes with a significant increase in GSH while a non-significant difference in the epididymis, in both. The testosterone, the seminal parameters, and the DNA integrity significantly increased in the nano-formula compared to propranolol. Likewise, normal pathological findings of the nano-formula in the testis and Epididymis compared to abnormal of propranolol. In total, the current research confirmed that EGCG had no toxic effects and able to promote fertility. The most important finding was the administration of EGCG either in normal or nano-form prior to propranolol alleviated the effects of propranolol. These findings reflected the protection evident of EGCG versus propranolol.