[Scanning intergrating cytospectophotometry of tightly apposed micro-objects (as an example, a study of the circadian rhythm of RNA and protein concentrations in different neuron--neuroglia systems)]. / Skaniruiushcaia intergriruiushchaia tsitospektrofotometriia tesono soprikasaiushchikhsia mikroob ektov (na primere izucheniia sutochnogo ritma soderzhaniia RNK ibelka v razlichnykh sistemakh neiron--neirogliia)

A scheme of electron aperture is described which permits a scanning intergrating cytospectrophotometry of adjacent microobjects. Results are presented of such cytophotometry to determine RNA and protein content in various neuron--neuroglia units of the rats studied every 4 hours during 24 hours period. Contraphase character of circadian fluctuations has been shown for RNA level in cerebllum Purkinje cells, hypothalamus supraoptic neurons and spinal cord motoneurons as compared with the fluctuations in corresponding glial satellite cells. Protein content fluctuations were of contraphase character only in the spinal motoneurons and in their perineuronal glia, whereas in all the other neuron-neuroglia units the period of fluctuations was rather similar in the neurons and in the glial cells. A great value of quantitative cytochemical methods is outlined to carry out a functional biochemical analysis of nervous tissue cells.

[Effect of the x-ray irradiation of clonogenic HeLa cells on the genome mutation frequency in their progeny]. / Vliianie rentgenovskogo oblucheniia klonogennykh kletok HeLa na chastotu genomnykh mutatsii v ikh potomstvakh.

The X-ray irradiation of HeLa clonogenic cells brings about an increase in frequencies of genome mutations in the progenies of irradiated cells, from 0.207 +/- 0.004 to 0.248 +/- 0.004-0.319 +/- 0.003. This gain is due to hyperploid mutants, but the rates of hypoploid ones do not change. The HeLa cultures used were strongly karyotypically heterogenous and had a very high rate of spontaneous genome mutations.

[Effect of local anesthetics and phorbol ester on intracellular pH and rate of development of sea urchin embryos]. / Vliianie lokal'nykh anestetikov i forbolovogo éfira na vnutrikletochnyi pH i temp razvitiia zarodyshei morskikh ezhei.

The unfertilized eggs of sand-dollars (Scaphechinus mirabilis) were treated with local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine, trimecaine) or phorbol ester for 10 min. The treatment with the local anesthetics increased pH of the cytoplasm in the unfertilized eggs (pHc) and changed the value of the pHc increment in response to fertilization, as compared with the control eggs. In the treated embryos, the onset of immigration of the primary mesenchyme cells was delayed but the hatching was accelerated. The phorbol ester treatment rapidly accelerated development from gastrulation on and practically did not affect the preceding stages.

[Phorbol ester disrupts the cleavage pattern in sea urchin embryos]. / Forbolovyi éfir narushaet kharakter drobleniia zarodyshei morskogo ezha.

Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) treatment (9-170 nM) of S. mirabilis embryos from the fertilization to the IV cleavage division resulted in morphogenesis disturbances, such as decrease of the intercellular contacts' extent of blastomeres during the first cleavage divisions, inhibition of micromere formation, and formation of multiple blastulae. After washing from PMA embryos remained viable up to the pluteus stage. Morphogenetic disturbances were not accompanied by changes of intracellular pH or mechanical properties of blastomeres' surface during cleavage. Protein kinase C is suggested to control adhesion of the cell surface and intracellular nucleus movements.

[Intravital determination of pH gradient between the cytoplasm and lysosomes in human fibroblasts in the normal state and in hereditary storage diseases]. / Prizhiznennoe opredelenie gradienta pH mezhdu tsitoplasmoi i lizosomami v fibroblastakh cheloveka v norme i pri nasledstvennykh bolezniakh nakopleniia.

Presented are the results of measurements of pH in cytoplasm and lysosomes of skin fibroblasts of healthy donors and patients with lysosomal storage diseases, mannosidosis, Fabry, Krabbe disease. The pH value was estimated in the stationary phase of growth using neutral red (lysosomes) and fluorescein diacetate (cytoplasm). It was shown that the cytoplasmic pH value in pathological cells didn't virtually differ from the control values. The intralysosomal pH value in fibroblasts of patients with mannosidosis and Fabry disease was essentially increased, which correlated with the size increase of these organelles upon the accumulation of unsplit compounds. This led to the decrease in pH gradient between the cytoplasm and lysosomes in the pathological cells, an increase in intralysosomal pH along with hereditary deficiency of enzymes could bring about the retardation of catabolic processes in lysosomes.

[Phosphatase activity of blood leukocytes and wound exudate during the experimental healing of an aseptic wound]. / Fosfataznaia aktivnost' leikotsitov krovi i ranevogo ékssudata pri zazhivlenii asepticheskoi rany v éksperimente.

Cytochemical investigations of plain aseptic wounds simulated in 110 Wistar rats revealed a clear-cut dependence between the variations in the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases in neutrophilic leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes of the blood and wound exudate and the stage of the healing process. Elevated activity of the blood alkaline phosphatase correlated with the term of inflammation phase.

[Cytophotometric study of blood neutrophil and wound exudate myeloperoxidase in experimental wound healing]. / Tsitofotometricheskoe issledovanie mieloperoksidazy neitrofilov krovi i ranevogo ékssudata pri zazhivlenii ran v éksperimente.

Changes in the activity of blood neutrophil and wound exudate myeloperoxidase (MP) have been studied cytophotometrically on the models of aseptic and infected experimental wounds in 220 male Wistar rats on the 1st-10th, 12th and 15th day after wounding. It has been established that changes in MP activity reflect the nature and stages of the pathological process and the animals' reaction to it. MP activity is significantly higher in animals with infected wounds, which indicates the intensity and duration of the inflammatory process and is of prognostic value.

[Quantitative histoenzymological characteristics of changes in the red and white fibers of skeletal muscle tissue of the extremities in temporary ischemia and postischemic recirculation]. / Kolichestvennaia gistoénzimologicheskaia kharakteristika izmenenii krasnykh i belykh volokon skeletnoi myshechnoi tkani konechnostei pri vremennoi ishemii i postishemicheskoi retsirkuliatsii.

Histoenzymological study of red and white fibers of limb skeletal muscles was performed in dogs with experimental acute occlusion of aorta trifurcation during ischemic and postischemic periods. A dramatic fall in the activity of aerobic enzymes was recorded in all observation periods (3, 6, 9 and 12 h). LDH activity rose considerably during short-term and descended slowly in prolonged ischemia. Red muscle fibers showed more substantial disorders in metabolism than white fibers. Recirculation after 6, 9 and 12 h of ischemia led to an appreciable decrease in the metabolic rate in muscle tissue. Irreversibility of metabolic alterations in acute ischemia lasting over 6 h may attest to the failure of the compensatory-adaptive mechanisms.