Factors influencing caregiver burden by dementia severity based on an online database from Seoul dementia management project in Korea.

BACKGROUNDS: As the prevalence of dementia rises, caregiver burden also increases in South Korea, especially for informal family caregivers. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting caregiver burden by the severity of dementia based on data of patients in Seoul. METHODS: A total of 12,292 individuals aged ≥65 years enrolled in the Seoul Dementia Management Project from 2010 to 2016 in an online database were selected. Caregiver's burden was assessed using the Korea version of Zarit Burden Interview. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with primary caregiver's burden after stratifying the severity of dementia. RESULTS: Most patients showed moderate levels of cognitive impairment (49.4%), behavior problems (82.6%), and ADL dependency (73.6%). After stratifying the severity of dementia, caregivers caring for patients with mild symptoms of dementia were experienced with higher caregiver burden if patients were under a lower score of IADL. Significant factors for caregiver burden among caregivers supporting patients with moderate symptoms of dementia include caregivers' residence with patients, subjective health status, and co-work with secondary caregivers. Lastly, caregivers for patients with severe dementia symptoms experienced a higher caregiver burden from limited cognitive function, problematic behavior, and caregivers' negative health status. CONCLUSION: In terms of sample size, this study had far more patients than any other domestic or international study. It was meaningful in that it analyzed characteristics of patients with dementia and caregivers affecting the burden of caregivers in Korea. Intensive social supports with multiple coping strategies focusing on different levels of patients' clinical symptoms and caregivers' needs should be planned to relieve the caregiver burden.

The determinants of caregiver use and its costs for elderly inpatients in Korea: a study applying Andersen's behavioral model of health care utilization and replacement cost method.

OBJECTIVES: The average annual healthcare expenditure among elderly patients in Korea is increasing rapidly in indirect healthcare sectors, requiring an understanding of factors related to the use of both formal and informal caregivers. This study analyzed the characteristics of caregiver use and caregiving costs among elderly patients hospitalized due to acute illness or exacerbation of chronic diseases. METHODS: A total of 819 study participants were selected from the 2017 Korea Health Panel Study Data. Replacement costing methods were applied to estimate the hours of informal caregiver assistance received by elderly inpatients. Elderly inpatients' predisposing, enabling, and need factors were studied to identify the relationship between caregiver uses, based on Andersen's behavior model. A two-part model was applied to analyze the factors related to care receipt and to estimate the incremental costs of care. RESULTS: Elderly inpatients who used tertiary hospitals (OR: 2.77, p-value < 0.00) and received financial support (OR: 2.68, p-value < 0.00) were more likely to receive support from a caregiver. However, elderly inpatients living alone were lesser to do so (OR: 0.49, p-value < 0.00). Elderly inpatients with Medicaid insurance (ß:0.54, p-value = 0.02) or financial aid (ß: 0.64, p-value < 0.00) had a statistically positive association with spending more on caregiving costs. Additionally, financial support receivers had incremental costs of $627 in caregiving costs than nonreceivers. CONCLUSIONS: This study presented significant socioenvironmental characteristics of formal and informal caregiver use and the related expenditures. Healthcare management plans that encompass multiple social levels should be implemented to ease the caregiver burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered.

Gender differences in the association between transitions in depressive symptoms and oral health among older adults with chronic conditions.

BACKGROUND: Oral health influences the quality of life of older adults. Further, depression is negatively associated with oral health. However, little is known about this relationship among older adults with chronic health conditions. Additionally, since oral health and depression differ between genders, this study aimed to investigate the effect of transitions in depressive symptoms on oral health among older adults with chronic health conditions by gender. METHODS: We used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2020-2022). The study sample comprised 2836 older adults (1104 men; 1732 women). We adopted multiple linear regression to examine the association between depressive symptom transitions and oral health by gender. RESULTS: The new onset depression symptoms were significantly associated with the deterioration of oral health in men (ß = -5.4308) and women (ß = -4.8328). Our study showed a gender-specific association between new onset depressive symptoms and particular domains of oral health. For men, the association was slightly more negative in psychosocial function (ß = -2.1177) while women presented lower GOHAI scores in both the physical function domain (ß = -1.8800) and the psychosocial function domain (ß = -1.8801). LIMITATIONS: The data used in this study were self-reported via a survey; thus, self-report bias may be a relevant concern. CONCLUSION: To prevent deterioration in oral health, depressive symptoms must be detected and addressed early among older adults with chronic conditions. This study underscores the importance of interventions that consider gender differences in the association between depressive symptoms and psychosocial and physical functioning.

Development of Korean Head forms for Respirator Performance Testing.

BACKGROUND: Protection from yellow dust and particulate matter is ensured by the use of respirators among the Korean citizens and workers. However, the manikins used to test the performance of the same were manufactured considering western facial specifications owing to which they do not represent Korean facial characteristics. METHODS: Analysis of the data from the 6th 3D anthropometric survey of Koreans (Size Korea; 2010-2013) of 4,583 people aged 7 to 69 years was performed to obtain their facial dimensions. We subsequently clustered 44 facial measurements using Design X software, followed by the creation of the cluster centroid. RESULTS: Three 3D head forms were developed-small, medium, and large, and their images were stored in ".stl" format for 3D printing. The facial widths and lengths of the three head forms were 127.1 mm × 90.6 mm, 143.2 mm × 104.0 mm, and 149.1 mm × 120.2 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: We developed manikin head forms according to the facial dimensions of the Korean population, which was essential in evaluating respiratory protective equipment. These head forms can be used to test the performance of respirators considering the facial dimensions of the Korean population.