RESUMO
Field tests of corn co-expressing two new delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have demonstrated protection from root damage by western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). The level of protection exceeds that provided by chemical insecticides. In the bacterium, these proteins form crystals during the sporulation phase of the growth cycle, are encoded by a single operon, and have molecular masses of 14 kDa and 44 kDa. Corn rootworm larvae fed on corn roots expressing the proteins showed histopathological symptoms in the midgut epithelium.
Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/farmacologia , Toxinas Bacterianas , Endotoxinas/farmacologia , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Zea mays/metabolismo , Animais , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Proteínas Hemolisinas , Imunidade Inata , Immunoblotting , Larva , Modelos Genéticos , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Transformação GenéticaRESUMO
By indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique humoral antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EB-VCA) and to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected in 47% and 9% of persons with infectious mononucleosis (IM), respectively. In 23% of the patients examined, IgM antibodies to both viruses were detected, while in 8% of them high titres of IgG only were found in the absence of IgM class antibodies to EB-VCA or to CMV. The finding of IgM antibody to EB-VCA was in good correlation with the persisting symptoms of the disease. Discrepancy between the presence of specific IgM and the absence of heterophilic antibodies was observed in some children and in all persons with persistent or recurrent signs of IM. In the latter, specific IgM was found only during exacerbation of the disease, but during remissions IgG antibodies persisted in high levels. Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) were detected in all chronically ill persons and antibodies to the R-component of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EA) were present in the majority of them.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Proteínas do Capsídeo , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Mononucleose Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Antígenos Nucleares do Vírus Epstein-Barr , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Mononucleose Infecciosa/imunologiaRESUMO
The relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the auditory apparatus is still unclear. The authors examined 120 children from nursery as well as elementary schools for children with hearing defects and, using the complement-fixation method, they determined the CMV antibodies. The result showed a higher quantity of CMV than that found in a group of healthy children. A detailed examination of the auditory functions (of what remained of them) in this group did not eliminate the possibility of CMV effect on the cochlea, acoustic nerve or even on the higher levels of the hearing passage.