The United Kingdom Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative.

OBJECTIVE: The United Kingdom Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI UK), part of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Mental Health BioResource, aims to deepen our understanding of the environmental and genetic etiology of eating disorders. EDGI UK launched in February 2020 and is partnered with the UK eating disorders charity, Beat. Multiple EDGI branches exist worldwide. This article serves the dual function of providing an in-depth description of our study protocol and of describing our initial sample including demographics, diagnoses, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities. METHOD: EDGI UK recruits via media and clinical services. Anyone living in England, at least 16 years old, with a lifetime probable or clinical eating disorder is eligible to sign up online: edgiuk.org. Participants complete online questionnaires, donate a saliva sample for genetic analysis, and consent to medical record linkage and recontact for future studies. RESULTS: As of September 2022, EDGI UK recruited 7435 survey participants: 98% female, 93.1% white, 97.8% cisgender, 65.9% heterosexual, and 52.1% have a university degree. Over half (57.8%) of these participants have returned their saliva DNA kit. The most common diagnoses are anorexia nervosa (48.3%), purging disorder (37.8%), bulimia nervosa (37.5%), binge-eating disorder (15.8%), and atypical anorexia nervosa (7.8%). CONCLUSION: EDGI UK is the largest UK eating disorders study and efforts to increase its diversity are underway. It offers a unique opportunity to accelerate eating disorder research. Researchers and participants with lived experience can collaborate on projects with unparalleled sample size. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Eating disorders are debilitating and costly for society but are under-researched due to underfunding. EDGI UK is one of the largest eating disorder studies worldwide with ongoing recruitment. The collected data constitute a resource for secondary analysis. We will combine data from all international EDGI branches and the NIHR BioResource to facilitate research that improves our understanding of eating disorders and their comorbidities.

Investigation of the Antiremodeling Effects of Losartan, Mirabegron and Their Combination on the Development of Doxorubicin-Induced Chronic Cardiotoxicity in a Rat Model.

Despite the effectiveness of doxorubicin (DOXO) as a chemotherapeutic agent, dose-dependent development of chronic cardiotoxicity limits its application. The angiotensin-II receptor blocker losartan is commonly used to treat cardiac remodeling of various etiologies. The beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron was reported to improve chronic heart failure. Here we investigated the effects of losartan, mirabegron and their combination on the development of DOXO-induced chronic cardiotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (i) control; (ii) DOXO-only; (iii) losartan-treated DOXO; (iv) mirabegron-treated DOXO; (v) losartan plus mirabegron-treated DOXO groups. The treatments started 5 weeks after DOXO administration. At week 8, echocardiography was performed. At week 9, left ventricles were prepared for histology, qRT-PCR, and Western blot measurements. Losartan improved diastolic but not systolic dysfunction and ameliorated SERCA2a repression in our DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity model. The DOXO-induced overexpression of Il1 and Il6 was markedly decreased by losartan and mirabegron. Mirabegron and the combination treatment improved systolic and diastolic dysfunction and significantly decreased overexpression of Smad2 and Smad3 in our DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity model. Only mirabegron reduced DOXO-induced cardiac fibrosis significantly. Mirabegron and its combination with losartan seem to be promising therapeutic tools against DOXO-induced chronic cardiotoxicity.

Investigation of the Antihypertrophic and Antifibrotic Effects of Losartan in a Rat Model of Radiation-Induced Heart Disease.

Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a potential late side-effect of thoracic radiotherapy resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and fibrosis due to a complex pathomechanism leading to heart failure. Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs), including losartan, are frequently used to control heart failure of various etiologies. Preclinical evidence is lacking on the anti-remodeling effects of ARBs in RIHD, while the results of clinical studies are controversial. We aimed at investigating the effects of losartan in a rat model of RIHD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in three groups: (1) control, (2) radiotherapy (RT) only, (3) RT treated with losartan (per os 10 mg/kg/day), and were followed for 1, 3, or 15 weeks. At 15 weeks post-irradiation, losartan alleviated the echocardiographic and histological signs of LVH and fibrosis and reduced the overexpression of chymase, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta in the myocardium measured by qPCR; likewise, the level of the SMAD2/3 protein determined by Western blot decreased. In both RT groups, the pro-survival phospho-AKT/AKT and the phospho-ERK1,2/ERK1,2 ratios were increased at week 15. The antiremodeling effects of losartan seem to be associated with the repression of chymase and several elements of the TGF-ß/SMAD signaling pathway in our RIHD model.

Production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides by depleting glucose and lactose from galacto-oligosaccharide syrup with yeasts.

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic compounds, widely used as ingredients in various food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Enzymatic synthesis of GOS results in low-purity products that contain high amounts of glucose and lactose beside the valuable GOS. In this study, a systematic approach was used to develop yeast-based fermentation strategies to purify crude GOS. Potentially applicable yeast strains were identified based on an extensive search in literature databases followed by a series of laboratory-scale fermentation tests. Single- and two-step fermentation processes were designed for the removal of glucose alone or together with lactose from crude GOS syrup. Single-step fermentation trials with two strains of previously unreported species, Cyberlindnera jadinii NCAIM Y.00499 and Kluyveromyces nonfermentans NCAIM Y.01443, resulted in purified products free of both glucose and ethanol from a crude GOS syrup diluted to 15 and 10 w/v%, respectively. Simultaneous removal of glucose and lactose was achieved by Kluyveromyces marxianus DMB Km-RK in a single-step fermentation process with a yield of 97.5% and final purity of 100%. A two-step fermentation approach was designed to allow conversion of a glucose-free product into a high-purity GOS by removing glucose with C. jadinii Y.00499 in the first step, and lactose by Kluyveromyces lactis DMB Kl-RK in the second step, resulting in a final product with a yield of 100% and a final purity of 92.1%. These results indicate that the selected nonconventional yeasts are promising candidates for the removal of non-GOS components from commercial crude GOS products by selective fermentation.

Country-level correlates of the Dark Triad traits in 49 countries.

OBJECTIVES: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries. METHOD: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female; AgeMean  = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them. RESULTS: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems were more narcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models.

[Rare side effects in management of hyperthyroidism. Case report]. / A hyperthyreosis kezelésének ritka mellékhatásai.

The authors present the case history of a patient suffering from hyperthyroidism. The diagnostic procedures revealed the presence of propylthiouracyl induced vasculitis with renal involvement, that recovered completely after the withdrawal of propylthiouracyl and corticosteroid treatment. Thereafter, the patient was treated with thiamasol, that caused agranulocytosis with fever. After transient litium carbonate therapy a succesful thyreoidectomy was performed. Cumulative serious side effects of antithyroid drugs are rare. This case highlights some of the challenges and complications encountered in the management of hyperthyroidism.

Fostering inclusivity: The impact of cosmopolitan orientation and European attachment on attitudes toward non-Western immigrants.

This paper examines the impact of different types of national and European identity-glorification and attachment-on attitudes toward diverse outgroups, centering on the role of cosmopolitan orientation as a mediator. In Study 1 (N = 342), both national and European attachments positively correlated with cosmopolitan orientation, subsequently influencing attitudes toward non-Western international students. Notably, national and European glorification also significantly impacted attitudes but in a negative manner, with their effects mediated through cosmopolitan orientation. The results of Study 2 (N = 346) were more nuanced: European attachment positively correlated with cosmopolitan orientation, which in turn had a positive indirect effect on attitudes toward Middle Eastern and Asian people living in Hungary. However, it was only national glorification, not national attachment, that exhibited a significant negative indirect effect through cosmopolitan orientation on these attitudes. These findings illuminate the multifaceted ways in which distinct forms of identity, filtered through the lens of cosmopolitan orientation, shape attitudes toward outgroups. They underscore the potential of cosmopolitan orientation in promoting inclusivity and suggest avenues for future research to further understand and enhance intergroup relations.

"I established a life; I can re-establish it again": Lived experiences of intimate partner violence in Mongolia.

Violence against women persists globally, transcending intersecting backgrounds, such as race, gender, socio-economic status, education, and ableness. The reality remains that women across diverse intersections continue to endure various forms of violence. According to a nationwide study, 30 % of women experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime in Mongolia. The present research adopts an intersectional lens to comprehensively address the survival experiences of Mongolian women who had lived through intimate partner violence. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants recruited through purposive sampling, most of whom had ended a relationship involving intimate partner violence. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes among survival experiences. Although women's experiences varied, intimate partner violence confronted them with the dilemma of maintaining or going against traditional values, including family unity when seeking protection (and safety) for themselves and their children. The women's survival experiences included a combination of building a sense of community and rebuilding a sense of self, while self-contentment was achieved when the women ceased to blame themselves. This study highlights a critical shift in mindset and behavior by investigating the survival experiences of women who defy social norms, prioritizing family unity over personal well-being. Recognition of survivors' efforts to cease self-blame and seek support signifies a crucial advancement in the survival process. The findings suggest a positive trend toward self-empowerment and a willingness to access the necessary resources and support systems. From a practical standpoint, these findings advocate for strengthening current interventions that empower survivors to challenge norms, cease self-blame, and actively seek assistance.

Has the Incidence of Febrile Convulsions in Childhood Changed During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic?

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is usually asymptomatic or only mild symptoms are typical. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of febrile convulsions in our own patients with COVID-19. Patients and Methods: In our retrospective study, we reviewed the data of children who presented at our University Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 with febrile convulsion. The control group were children admitted to the hospital because of febrile convulsions from January 2018 to January 2020. Results: During the coronavirus pandemic, 51 patients were examined with febrile convulsions. The majority (86.3%) of children had their first febrile convulsion during this period. We diagnosed simple febrile convulsions in 40 cases and complicated ones in 11 cases. The family history of febrile convulsion or epilepsy was present in 12 (23.5%) patients. In addition to febrile convulsion, SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by laboratory testing in 4 cases (7.8%). Three of them had febrile convulsion during the Omicron variant period. Conclusions: During the coronavirus pandemic, the number of children examined because of having febrile convulsions was not higher than in the control period. The coronavirus is unlikely to increase the risk of febrile convulsions.

Posttraumatic growth: Experiences of Mongolian and Hungarian survivors of intimate partner violence.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian survivors of intimate partner violence. METHODS: The study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen women - ten Mongolian and five Hungarian survivors. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding survivors' PTG. RESULTS: PTG occurred in all participants, and identified themes were; positive changes, strengthened or new relationships and role models, personal strength, interest in advocacy for social change, and new found appreciation of life. Along with learning new skills and knowledge, a sense of security and caring for children were apparent as positive changes as well. Participants acknowledged interpersonal relationships through communities, including parents, colleagues and friends. Personal strengths, such as being trustworthy and optimistic, also contributed to the PTG with realized independence, increased self-confidence, assertiveness and being brave. Participants identified as individuals striving for social justice and being social change agents by involvement in local non-governmental organizations. Appreciation of life was enhanced or encouraged by supportive parents, community and believing in oneself. CONCLUSION: Similarities between Hungary and Mongolian survivors are more than the differences in posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Posttraumatic growth includes acquiring new skills, aspiring for the future, interpersonal relationships, perseverance, and being social change agents. A sense of security, a sense of autonomy, independence and self-worth were significant common features found in this study.

[A case of community-acquired Listeria monocytogenes meningitis]. / A közösségben szerzett, Listeria monocytogenes okozta meningitisrol egy esetünk kapcsán.

Meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is a rare disease in immunocompetent individuals, however, in the presence of certain risk factors with clinical signs indicating infection of the central nervous system it should not be ignored. In this case report, we present the medical history of a 72-year-old man, suffering from hypertension and liver cirrhosis, who was diagnosed with meningitis caused by L. monocytogenes. The patient was admitted to our Department with the symptoms of weakness, dizziness, high fever and urinary incontinence. Laboratory tests showed elevated inflammatory and liver enzyme values as well as low white blood cell and platelet counts were confirmed. Imaging tests did not prove any abnormalities. Due to septic parameters, after microbiological samples were collected, empiric ceftriaxon and metronidazol treatment was started. Despite our therapeutic efforts, the condition of the patient had not improved significantly. The patient still suffered from high fever; increasing agitation and tremor, coordination disorder appeared, raising the possibility of a bacterial infection of the central nervous system. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. In the meantime, findings of microbiological cultures verified the infection of L. monocytogenes, however, cerebrospinal fluid culture did not detect any pathogen. Following that, the therapy continued with targeted ampicillin which resulted in rapid improvement of the patient's condition; fevers and neurological symptoms have ceased to exist. We considered the case worthy of presentation because of the pitfalls of the diagnosis, the emerging differential diagnostic difficulties and the favorable outcome due to the effectiveness of targeted antibiotic treatment. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(36): 1437-1441.

Cosmopolitanism and social dominance orientation mediate relationship between political orientation and sexism.

Over the past decade, 'anti-gender discourse' has been institutionalised by the governing right-wing party in Hungary to a wide effect, from the removal of accreditation from a gender studies MA program to the Parliament's refusal to ratify the Istanbul Convention. The anti-egalitarian backlash echoes those emergent in other countries where right-wing populism has gained ground - such as Poland, Turkey, India, the United States, and Brazil. The present study examined the role of two opposite orientations, cosmopolitanism as an egalitarian worldview and social dominance orientation as the preference for hierarchies and inequality among groups and people in general, in mediating the relationship between political orientation and sexism among a representative Hungarian sample (N = 1000). The path analysis revealed that left-wing political orientation was associated with higher levels of cosmopolitan orientation, while right-wing political orientation was associated with higher levels of SDO. Higher levels of cosmopolitan orientation were associated with a more positive attitude toward feminists and lower levels of modern sexism and gender-based zero-sum thinking, while higher levels of SDO were associated with the opposite. Furthermore, cosmopolitan orientation mediated the relationship between political orientation and modern sexism and attitudes toward feminists, while SDO mediated the relationship between political orientation and modern sexism and gender-based zero-sum thinking. Our study emphasizes the important role of cosmopolitan orientation in opposing SDO and promoting a more egalitarian worldview.

The role of anxious attachment in the continuation of abusive relationships: The potential for strengthening a secure attachment schema as a tool of empowerment.

Remaining in an abusive relationship is a strong risk factor for (re)victimization. Due to the relational nature of intimate partner violence attachment theory offers a useful framework for better understanding its dynamics. Within two studies we worked on individual differences regarding imagined attitudes when confronted with intimate partner violence as being the victim. Our first study showed that high level of attachment anxiety is a risk factor for willingness to remain when imagining a hypothetical abusive relationship incidence. The second study presented the effectiveness of security priming in reducing the willingness to remain when imagining being in an abusive relationship and showed that this effect was the strongest in the case of participants with higher levels of attachment anxiety. These findings extend our understanding of the dynamics behind remaining in an abusive relationship and suggest the use of attachment security schemas as an effective technique for inclusion in interventions against (re)victimization.

The association between attachment orientations and empathy: The mediation effect of self-concept clarity.

Although earlier research had demonstrated significant links between attachment and self-concept clarity; attachment and empathy; and self-concept clarity and empathy respectively, there had been no studies examining these associations in conjunction with one another. Therefore, the present studies explored whether individual differences in self-concept clarity would mediate the relationship between attachment orientation (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and empathy (i.e., empathic concern and personal distress). In Study 1, the association between attachment orientation and self-concept clarity was examined among 602 Hungarian university students. In Study 2, the relationship between attachment and empathy was investigated through self-concept clarity among 1000 Hungarian adults. The findings from both samples revealed that attachment avoidance and anxiety were negatively related to self-concept clarity. In Study 2, individuals with greater self-concept clarity showed greater empathic concern and lower personal distress. Attachment avoidance was associated with lower empathic concern, whereas there was no significant association with personal distress. Attachment anxiety was positively related to empathic concern and personal distress. Self-concept clarity partially mediated associations with attachment anxiety and aspects of empathy. These findings suggest the importance of attachment orientations in terms of their influence on the self with regard to interpersonal relations.

Attachment security schemas to attenuate the appeal of benevolent sexism: The effect of the need to belong and relationship security.

Previous research has repeatedly shown a positive association between the need for relationship security and the appeal of benevolent sexism. Possibly, no studies to date had investigated the role of the need to belong with respect to a preference for the ideal partner to endorse benevolently sexist attitudes. Attachment security is considered to attenuate the need for relationship security and to divert the focus from the need to belong. Study 1 therefore investigated potential associations among attachment anxiety, the need to belong, and the appeal of benevolent sexism. It also examined whether the association between the need to belong and a preference for the ideal partner to hold benevolently sexist attitudes is moderated by attachment anxiety. In Study 2, we used a causal design to confirm the findings from Study 1 through the activation of attachment security schema. A moderated regression analysis showed significant interactive effects between the need to belong and attachment anxiety-that is, a positive association between the need to belong and the appeal of benevolent sexism was found only among people high in attachment anxiety. Secure-base scripts attenuated the need to belong as well as the appeal of benevolent sexism. The present findings suggest the importance of attachment schemas in influencing preference for specific partner attitudes through the need to belong and relationship security.

The role of sexual orientation and the perceived threat posed by men in the acceptance of sexism.

We aimed at examining the differences between straight (N = 583) and gay (N = 112) people in terms of the acceptance of ambivalent sexist attitudes not only toward women (ASI) but also toward men (AMI) and how the level of perceived threat posed by men (Realistic Threat Scale) influences these attitudes' acceptance. The study results showed that gay men endorsed hostile sexism at the same level as straight men, while lesbian women were more hostile toward men than straight women. In this study, gay people manifested significantly lower levels of benevolent (sexist) attitudes toward both genders than straight people. While a positive relationship was identified between the perceived threat posed by men and hostility toward men, there was a reciprocal correlation in the case of hostile sexism. Men who recognized the threat men can pose to women were less accepting of hostile sexism and more accepting of hostile attitudes toward their own gender group. Moreover, straight men who recognized this threat endorsed less benevolent attitudes toward their own gender group than those who failed to admit it. Our results showed that heterosexual interdependence and recognizing the threat posed by men highly influence the extent to which hostile and benevolent (sexist) attitudes toward women and men are accepted or rejected. The implications and practical relevance of our study are also discussed.

Feminist identification, inclusive victimhood and supporting outgroups.

Our research demonstrates the key role of identity content- feminist, egalitarian, or nonfeminist- in predicting solidarity-based actions towards outgroup members among women with regards to the cognitive construals of victimization-victim consciousness. Perceived similarities with other victim groups-inclusive victim consciousness-may have positive effects on intergroup relations. Using an online large sample of women from Hungary (N = 772; SD = 11.54), we show that feminist identification is associated with higher levels of support for victimized outgroups. However, contrary to our expectations that inclusive victimhood would play a significant role, we identified an association between support for other groups and collective victim beliefs only with respect to the centrality of ingroup victimization. These results contribute to the emerging literature on collective victim beliefs and solidarity towards other victimized groups, suggesting that perceived relevance of victimization for own identity may be a more important link in terms of solidarity between victimized groups than emphasizing shared victimization over different identities that outgroups are formed over.

Two-Tailed Dogs, Social Unrest and COVID-19 Vaccination: Politics, Hesitancy and Vaccine Choice in Hungary and Thailand.

BACKGROUND: A long tradition of research has shown an association between political orientation and vaccine uptake. However, we know little about political preferences and the choice of specific vaccines. METHODS: We conducted two national surveys, in Hungary (Study 1, online, n = 1130) and Thailand (Study 2, on the street survey: n = 1052), testing associations between political allegiance, trust in government, vaccine willingness, and vaccine choice. RESULTS: In Hungary, those supporting the government or on the political right were more willing to be vaccinated, with this association strongest for government approved vaccines. These respondents were also more likely to accept Chinese and Russian vaccines and reject the Moderna vaccine. In Thailand, vaccinated respondents reported greater trust in the government, with preference for AstraZeneca associated with support for pro-government political parties and preference for Pfizer with anti-government attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine campaigns need to recognise the role of political loyalties not only in vaccine willingness, but in vaccine choice, especially given the mixing of vaccines across doses.

CYP24A1 gene defect manifesting with gestational hypercalcemia / A CYP24A1-gén terhességi hypercalcaemiát okozó defektusa

Hypercalcemia is a rare condition in pregnancy. It is most commonly caused by primary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone-related peptid (PTHrP)-producing malignant tumours, less frequently by increased intestinal calcium absorption, vitamin D intoxication, milk-alkali syndrome, and granulomatous diseases or lymphomas, in which vitamin D 1 alpha-hydroxylase expression is increased. Rarely, gestational hypercalcaemia may be caused by a disorder of vitamin D catabolism caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CYP24A1 gene. We report the case of a 34-year-old Caucasian female patient. She was diagnosed with hypercalcaemia, normal intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and lower left parathyroid adenoma. Investigations for malignancy showed no evidence of abnormality. The lower-left parathyroid adenoma was removed followed by cessation of hypercalcaemia. Fifteen months later, she had a spontaneous miscarriage at a gestational age of 8 weeks, when serum calcium was at the upper limit of normal. 25 months following parathyroid surgery, as a 12-week pregnant, our patient manifested with symptomatic, PTH-independent hypercalcaemia. 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D and PTHrP were within reference ranges while 1,25(OH)2D level was clearly elevated. Compound heterozygosity within the CYP24A1 gene was confirmed. By conservative treatment, no other complications were observed during pregnancy, and she finally gave birth to a healthy girl with a term. We present the difficulties of diagnosing and treating hypercalcaemia observed during pregnancy. According to our knowledge, our patient represents the first case of CYP24A1 gene defect diagnosed in Hungary.

Retention Ability of a Glass Carbomer Pit and Fissure Sealant.

Dental sealants are an excellent means to prevent pits and fissure decay. Currently, there are multiple commercially available sealant materials. The purpose of this study was to assess the retention of glass carbomer fissure sealant and the incidence of secondary caries over a period of 24 months in comparison with a resin-based sealant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 32 children in the study, with ages between six and eight years and an average age of 6.8 years old. For each child, we sealed four permanent molars (totaling 128 teeth). The study group was divided into sub-groups. Sub-group A was represented by 64 first permanent molars which underwent dental sealing procedures with composite resin-based fissure sealant, Helioseal F™, and sub-group B was represented by 64 first permanent molars which underwent dental sealing procedures with glass carbomer cement, GCP Glass Seal™. The sealants were assessed clinically at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS: The 6-month follow-up evaluation showed no statistically significant differences between the two materials neither regarding sealant retention nor new carious lesions formation (p > 0.05). At the 12-month recall, 57 molars had good retention (89.06%) from sub-group A and 44 molars (68.75%) from sub-group B; there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0187) between the two treatment choices only regarding material retention. At the last recall after 2 years, sub-group A had a higher number of molars with perfect sealing (47-73.43%) and 8 molars (12.5%) with new caries lesions and sub-group B had 23 (35.93%) molars with perfect sealing and 15 molars (23.44%) with new caries lesions; there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) between the two treatment choices only regarding material retention. CONCLUSIONS: The glass carbomer retention is very inferior to the resin-based material. The glass carbomer sealant was effective in preventing new caries development, comparable with the conventional resin-based sealant.