[DNA polymorphism in the region of APOB100, APOCIII, APOE, and angiotensin-converting enzyme genes and indicators of the lipid spectrum in children and adolescents in St. Petersburg]. / Polimorfizm DNK v oblasti genov APOB100, APOCIII, APOE, angiotenzin- konvertiruiushchego fermenta i pokazateli lipidnogo spektra u detei i podrostkov Sankt-Peterburga.

Polymorphisms of 3 apolipoprotein genes Xba I apoB, Sstl apoCIII, and apoE and the insertion-deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (I/D ACE) and lipid levels were studied in a random sample of 403 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years living in St. Petersburg. The children were divided in 4 age groups with consideration for the relative body weight index: group 1.6 to 9 years; II, 10-12; III, 13-15; and IV, 16-18 years. The first three groups were divided by sex, the fourth was not because it was the smallest. Relationships between lipid levels and DNA polymorphisms of the above genes were analyzed in all groups. Effects of apoB Xbal, apoCIII Sstl, apoE, and ACE genotypes on the levels of the blood basic lipids were analyzed using Statgraphics software. A marked effect of the apoE (E3/E4) genotype on the total and LDL-cholesterol variability was observed in group IV. The individuals carrying the E4 apoE allele had increased levels of total and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.02 and p < 0.03, respectively). The level of triglycerides was higher in the subjects carrying the S2 apoCIII allele in the third group (p < 0.04). A statistically reliable difference was however observed only in girls (p < 0.01). We failed to detect reliable correlations between lipid levels and various apoB and ACE genotypes. Hence, the genetic variants of apoCIII and apoE genes affect the blood lipid levels as early as in adolescence.

[Role of structural polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in the development of myocardial infarction]. / Rol' strukturnogo polimorfizma gena angiotenzinprevrashchaiushchego fermenta v razvitii infarkta miokarda.

Genotyping of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) using polymerase chain reaction was conducted in 184 males with acute macrofocal infarction versus 72 males free of arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease (controls). The age of the patients ranged from 30 to 70 years. Normotensive patients who survived myocardial infarction at the age under 60 had significantly more frequent genotype DD (in the system I/D-polymorphism of ACE gene) than controls or hypertensive patients. The involvement of genotype DD in the onset of myocardial infarction in normotensives was observed at the middle, presenile and senile age. A significant association was found between hereditary IHD loading and carriage of DD genotype in normotensive patients with myocardial infarction.