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1.
Microbiol Immunol ; 58(4): 227-38, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24517637

RESUMO

A large acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreak occurred in 2011 in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Ten strains of coxsackievirus group A type 24 variant (CA24v) were isolated from patients with AHC and full sequence analysis of the VP3, VP1, 3C(pro) and 3D(pol) coding regions performed. To assess time-scale evolution, phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method. In addition, similarity plots were constructed and pairwise distance (p-distance) and positive pressure analyses performed. A phylogenetic tree based on the VP1 coding region showed that the present strains belong to genotype 4 (G4). In addition, the present strains could have divided in about 2010 from the same lineages detected in other countries such as China, India and Australia. The mean rates of molecular evolution of four coding regions were estimated at about 6.15 to 7.86 × 10(-3) substitutions/site/year. Similarity plot analyses suggested that nucleotide similarities between the present strains and a prototype strain (EH24/70 strain) were 0.77-0.94. The p-distance of the present strains was relatively short (<0.01). Only one positive selected site (L25H) was identified in the VP1 protein. These findings suggest that the present CA24v strains causing AHC are genetically related to other AHC strains with rapid evolution and emerged in around 2010.


Assuntos
Conjuntivite Hemorrágica Aguda/virologia , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Enterovirus Humano C/genética , Enterovirus Humano C/isolamento & purificação , Evolução Molecular , Proteínas Virais/genética , Animais , Análise por Conglomerados , Conjuntivite Hemorrágica Aguda/epidemiologia , Enterovirus Humano C/classificação , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Taxa de Mutação , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
2.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses ; 16(1): 63-71, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34605181

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread globally. Potentially infected individuals travel on commercial aircraft. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and test the association between the use of face masks, physical distance, and COVID-19 among passengers and flight attendants exposed to a COVID-19 passenger in a domestic flight. METHODS: This observational study investigated passengers and flight attendants exposed to COVID-19 on March 23, 2020, on board a flight to Naha City, Japan. Secondary attack rates were calculated. Whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 was used to identify the infectious linkage between confirmed cases in this clustering. The association between confirmed COVID-19 and proximity of passengers' seats to the index case and/or the use of face masks was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Fourteen confirmed and six probable cases were identified among passengers and flight attendants. The secondary attack rate was 9.7%. Twelve of 14 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences in confirmed cases were identical to that of the index case or showed only one nucleotide mutation. Risk factors for infection included not using a face mask (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 7.29, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.86-28.6), partial face mask use (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 0.83-10.8), and being seated within two rows from the index patient (aOR: 7.47, 95% CI: 2.06-27.2). CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted on the airplane. Nonuse of face masks was identified as an independent risk factor for contracting COVID-19 on the airplane.


Assuntos
Viagem Aérea , COVID-19 , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Máscaras , SARS-CoV-2
3.
J Food Prot ; 73(8): 1529-32, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20819367

RESUMO

The enumeration and evaluation of the activity of marine bacteria are important in the food industry. However, detection of marine bacteria in seawater or seafood has not been easy. The Petrifilm aerobic count plate (ACP) is a ready-to-use alternative to the traditional enumeration media used for bacteria associated with food. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a simple detection and enumeration method utilizing the Petrifilm ACP for enumeration of aerobic marine bacteria from seawater and an edible seaweed, Caulerpa lentillifera. The efficiency of enumeration of total aerobic marine bacteria on Petrifilm ACP was compared with that using the spread plate method on marine agar with 80 seawater and 64 C. lentillifera samples. With sterile seawater as the diluent, a close correlation was observed between the method utilizing Petrifilm ACP and that utilizing the conventional marine agar (r=0.98 for seawater and 0.91 for C. lentillifera). The Petrifilm ACP method was simpler and less time-consuming than the conventional method. These results indicate that Petrifilm ACP is a suitable alternative to conventional marine agar for enumeration of marine microorganisms in seawater and C. lentillifera samples.


Assuntos
Bactérias Aeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Caulerpa/microbiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/normas , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/instrumentação , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/instrumentação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/métodos , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Humanos
4.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi ; 84(1): 24-7, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20170010

RESUMO

Between 1992 and 2007, a total of 86 isolates of Salmonella enterica Weltevreden were obtained from clinical human samples (n = 41), 45 farm animals and their environment on 20 farms, including poultry (n = 25), beef cattle (n = 5), swine (n = 5), dairy cattle (n = 3), mice (n = 2), pony (n = 1), fly (n = 1) and feed samples (n = 3), in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Only seven isolates (8.1%) of the isolates were resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents tested; six streptomycin (7.0%), six oxytetracycline (7.0%), two ampicillin (2.3%), two kanamycin, (2.3%), two chloramphenicol (2.3%), two suffamethoxazole/trimethoprim (2.3%), whereas all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, sefuroxime, colistin, nalidixic acid, fosfomycin and ofloxacin. Drug resistance patterns showed six patterns; ABPC-SM-KM-OTC-CP-ST, ABPC-SM-ST, SM-KM-OTC, SM-OTC-CP, SM-OTC, OTC. Two ampicillin-resistant isolates harbored the blaTEM genes, streptomycin-resistant isolates (four aadA, two strA), tetracycline-resistant isolates (two tetA, three tetB), chloramphenicol-resistant isolates (two catA1), respectively.


Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enterica/genética , Animais , Bovinos/microbiologia , Galinhas/microbiologia , Dípteros/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Humanos , Japão , Camundongos/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Suínos/microbiologia
5.
J Med Microbiol ; 69(4): 587-590, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32427562

RESUMO

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of Leptospira species. It is a public health issue in the tropics, including Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. This study reports the first isolation of L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe from two human patients in Japan, and describes its molecular characterization using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). MLST on the two isolates, 168036 and 178129, showed that pfkB in 178129 is a novel allele, and that both isolates constitute novel sequence types (STs); ST286 for 168036 and ST287 for 178129. A minimum spanning tree based on seven alleles of L. interrogans indicates that both isolates are genetically close, but are distinct from known L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe strains. MLVA using 11 loci demonstrated that seven of the 11 loci were identical between the two isolates, whereas the identity between the isolates and the seven reference strains of L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe was zero to three loci. These results indicate that the isolates investigated in this study have novel genotypes, and are genetically closest to each other among the known L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe strains.


Assuntos
Leptospira interrogans/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/microbiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Japão , Leptospira interrogans/classificação , Leptospira interrogans/genética , Repetições Minissatélites , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Sorogrupo
6.
Vaccine ; 38(10): 2361-2367, 2020 02 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32037227

RESUMO

Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, experienced a large measles outbreak from March to May 2018. During this outbreak, there were 99 laboratory-confirmed cases and 14 vaccine-associated measles cases. In addition to the reinforcement of routine immunization, Okinawa prefectural government introduced emergent measles-containing vaccination recommendations for infants aged 6-11 months as part of the outbreak response. Increased concern exists in Okinawa about measles in infants following a previous outbreak from 1998 to 2001, when nine children including four infants died. Of 8062 infants aged 6-11 months who received measles-containing vaccine (MCV), six developed vaccine-associated measles; incidence was 0.74 per 1000 doses (95%CI 0.27-1.62). This was similar to that of first dose routine immunization recipients at one year of age (IR 0.60, 95%CI 0.20-1.78). Among 14 vaccine-associated measles cases, throat swab samples showed the highest positive rate (92.9%) by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), followed by urine (25.0%) and whole blood (7.7%) samples. Furthermore, one throat swab sample classified as equivocal by RT-qPCR was positive by conventional RT-PCR (RT-PCR). During an outbreak, it is critical to distinguish between cases with measles-like symptoms caused by wild circulating virus and those caused by vaccine-derived virus as accurately and urgently as possible because the public health response will be quite different. No infant deaths were observed during this outbreak, and no severe adverse events following immunization were seen among infants 6-11 months old who were given MCV as a public health response. Thus, we conclude that introduction of emergent MCV was effective and describing the characteristics of vaccine-associated measles cases during a measles outbreak will be helpful for future outbreak response efforts.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Sarampo/efeitos adversos , Sarampo , Humanos , Lactente , Japão/epidemiologia , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Vacinação
7.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 62(3): 220-4, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19468186

RESUMO

Serum specimens were collected from 125 pigs on Miyako Island, 112 pigs on Ishigaki Island, and 42 pigs on Kume Island from 2005 to 2007, and 54 pigs on Yonaguni Island from 2006 to 2007. Their sera were tested for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) antibody by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Five serum samples (4.5%) from Ishigaki Island were positive for HI antibody, and 4 of the 5 samples were positive for 2-mercaptoethanol- sensitive antibody (IgM Ab). All samples from Miyako, Kume, and Yonaguni Islands were negative for HI antibody. Our results indicate that JEV transmission activity was extremely low on Miyako, Ishigaki, Kume, and Yonaguni Islands. The JEV genome (JEV-RNA) was detected from the sera of one pig on Ishigaki Island. The partial gene of the E region (151 nt) was analyzed phylogenetically. The analysis showed that the new JEV-RNA belonged to genotype 3 and was closely related to JEV strains isolated in Taiwan from 1985 to 1996. It was suggested that JEV previously introduced from Taiwan had been maintained on Ishigaki Island.


Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/isolamento & purificação , Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Encefalite Japonesa/veterinária , Hemaglutininas Virais/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/imunologia , Encefalite Japonesa/imunologia , Encefalite Japonesa/transmissão , Japão/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/transmissão
8.
Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi ; 49(1): 11-5, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18344653

RESUMO

Caulerpa lentillifera is a kind of edible seaweed, known as 'sea grape' or 'green caviar'. It is used in fresh salads. However, it is sensitive to low temperature and osmotic pressure, and is easily spoilt by storage in a refrigerator or washing with tap water. That is the reason why it is difficult to prevent food poisoning, especially due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In this study we investigated of marine bacteria and V. parahaemolyticus in C. lentillifera and cultured them in order to develop effective control of bacteria in commercial farms. The sixteen farms in the Okinawa Islands were investigated from August to September in 2006. A total of 176 samples were collected from eleven points during the cultivation processes and from the products. About 10(3) cfu/mL of marine bacteria were detected in the seawater used in the tank culture, but after cultivation of C. lentillifera the number had increased to about 10(6) cfu/mL. The number of marine bacteria in C. lentillifera did not change significantly through the process of planting to the final product (about 10(7) cfu/g). V. parahaemolyticus was detected in seawater from all processes and C. lentillifera was isolated from 56% of seawater, 25% of seed-stocks, and 18.8% of product samples, though but thermostable direct hemolysin gene was not detected from enrichment cultures or isolated V. parahaemolyticus strains. These results indicate that for prevention of food poisoning by V. parahaemolyticus in C. lentillifera, it is important to establish a suitable sterilization procedure for each process.


Assuntos
Caulerpa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caulerpa/microbiologia , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Água do Mar/microbiologia
9.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 71(4): 286-290, 2018 Jul 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29709984

RESUMO

Vaccinations with habu (Protobothrops flavoviridis) venom toxoid were administered to individuals living in Amami Oshima from 1965 to 2002, and its effectiveness was investigated in 1991. The results raised the possibility that normal human serum inherently contains an inhibitor of the hemorrhagic metalloproteinase HR2, considered to be one of the major components of habu venom. In this study, we investigated the interaction between the hemorrhagic metalloproteinases HR1 and HR2 from habu-venom and human alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2M). Hemorrhagic activity of HR2 was completely inhibited by human α2M. However, the hemorrhagic activity of the large molecule HR1a was not inhibited. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that human α2M captured the HR2 molecule and formed a complex with it, thus inhibiting hemorrhagic activity. These results suggest that human α2M plays an important role in the inhibition of hemorrhage induced by HR2 from habu venom.


Assuntos
Venenos de Crotalídeos/enzimologia , Metaloendopeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , alfa 2-Macroglobulinas Associadas à Gravidez/metabolismo , Trimeresurus , Animais , Humanos , Ligação Proteica
10.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 60(5): 309-11, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17881875

RESUMO

Serum specimens were collected from 99 wild boars in the Northern area of the main Okinawa Island and from 27 wild boars on Iriomote Island in Okinawa Prefecture from 1997 to 2005. Sera were tested for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) antibody by hemagglutination inhibition assay and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sixty-four samples (64.6%) in the Northern area and 1 sample (3.7%) from Iriomote Island were positive for the JEV antibody. The difference in seroprevalence between the Northern area and Iriomote Island was statistically significant (P < 0.01, chi2 test). This difference may be due to the lack of a pig farm on Iriomote Island, whereas wild boars in the Northern area may be infected with JEV, amplified on pig farms. It is likely that there has recently been an increase in the number of wild boars living close to humans in certain areas of Japan. This in turn increases the possibility that wild boars are infected with JEV, which is amplified on pig farms, and these infected animals may play a role in carrying JEV to other regions of the country.


Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/imunologia , Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Encefalite Japonesa/veterinária , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Sus scrofa , Animais , Encefalite Japonesa/virologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação/métodos , Japão/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia
11.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 70(3): 329-332, 2017 May 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28003601

RESUMO

Although major mumps epidemics occurred every 4-5 years in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan, no laboratory diagnoses were conducted. A mumps epidemic started in Okinawa in October 2014, and we collected clinical samples from 31 patients in 4 areas (Hokubu, Nanbu, Miyako, and Yaeyama) from July to December 2015, for virus isolation and RT-PCR, whose positive ratios were 52% and 87%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates were classified into genotype G, and with one exception, consisted of 2 subgenotypes, Ge (55.6%) and Gw (40.7%), which have been prominent in Japan recently. One isolate was classified in another lineage, which was detected in Japan for the first time, and was similar to a Hong Kong isolate from 2014. Remarkably, the geographic distributions of the 2 major lineages were separated. The Ge viruses were isolated from the main island of Okinawa and the Yaeyama Islands, whereas the Gw isolates were mainly detected from the Miyako Islands. These results suggest that the Ge and Gw mumps viruses mainly caused the mumps epidemics of 2015 in Okinawa, and that they spread independently in separate regions. This is the first report describing the molecular epidemiology of mumps epidemics in Okinawa Prefecture.


Assuntos
Epidemias , Genótipo , Vírus da Caxumba/classificação , Vírus da Caxumba/genética , Caxumba/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , Vírus da Caxumba/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
12.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 59(1): 15-9, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16495628

RESUMO

Salmonella enterica strains isolated in Okinawa between 1995 and 2005 were analyzed with respect to their serovars and antimicrobial susceptibility, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to examine their digestion patterns. A total of 1,071 isolates, including 610 from humans, 358 from animal rectal swabs and 103 from meat obtained at grocery stores, were examined. The first 3 most frequent serovars in human isolates were Enteritidis, Weltevreden and Bareilly, together accounting for 65% of the isolates. In isolates from the rectal swabs of laying hens, the predominant serovars were Albany, Saintpaul and Aarhus, accounting for 82% of the isolates. In broilers, 123 of 124 isolates belonged to serovar Infantis, which reflected the high ratio of this serovar in the chicken sold at grocery stores. An antibiogram of human isolates was different from that of broilers and chicken. Chromosomal DNAs of S. Infantis isolated from humans and from the rectal swab of broilers and chickens were examined by PFGE using the restriction enzymes XbaI and BlnI. The digestion patterns of human isolates were not coincident with those of the isolates from the rectal swab of broilers and chicken-meat samples.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Salmonella enterica , Animais , Galinhas , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Japão , Carne/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Filogenia , Reto/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/classificação , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação
13.
J Vet Med Sci ; 68(1): 83-5, 2006 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16462124

RESUMO

In the summer of 2003, sporadic cases and an outbreak of human leptospirosis probably related to recreation in rivers occurred in the northern part of Okinawa Main Island. Sixteen of 22 suspected cases were definitely diagnosed as leptospirosis by serological test or isolation. The infective leptospiral serovar in 14 cases was presumed to be Hebdomadis. Transmission was thought to occur by exposure to river water that was contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The findings indicate that recreation in rivers in this area is a significant risk factor for infection with leptospires.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Rios/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Sorológicos
14.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 58(3): 180-3, 2005 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15973013

RESUMO

In order to evaluate reliability of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis performed at different prefectural public health institutes (PHIs) for use in the PulseNet Japan surveillance system to detect enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157, we compared the results of PFGE-typing of 14 selected strains of O157 performed at 8 selected PHIs to evaluate the reliability of different experimental protocols used in these PHIs. PFGE was performed for 14 strains for which there were 14 PFGE types in 3 PHIs, and 13 PFGE types in 5 PHIs by using their own protocols and/or those of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID). PFGE fingerprints from 5 out of the 8 PHIs were successfully genotyped for all of the 14 strains. A PFGE fingerprint from one PHI was successfully genotyped when the NIID pulsing protocol was used, but was not genotyped when the PHI's own protocols were used. PFGE fingerprints from 2 PHIs failed to be genotyped for one each of the strains. The cause of this genotyping failure was considered to be inappropriate PFGE pulsing protocols or inadequate digestion of chromosomal DNA. These results suggest that PFGE protocols should be standardized for the establishment of PulseNet Japan.


Assuntos
Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/normas , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Saúde Pública
15.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi ; 79(11): 864-70, 2005 Nov.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16366357

RESUMO

In this study we analyzed the symptoms of gastroenteritis or food-borne disease caused by the 10 most prevalent pathogens: Norovirus, Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shigella sonnei/flexneri (Shigella), Staphylococcus aureus, and emetic-type Bacillus cereus. The symptoms diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and headache, and the incubation period in 646 cases in 10 districts of Kyushu between January 2000 and December 2004 were recorded. The pathogen with the shortest mean incubation period was B. cereus (0.8 h), and was followed by S. aureus (3.3 h), C. perfringens (10.7 h) and V. parahaemolyticus (16.4 h). All the patients infected with B. cereus and S. aureus developed symptoms within 6 hours, and those infected with V. parahaemolyticus and C. perfringens developed symptoms within 24 hours. Bloody diarrhea was associated with STEC and Shigella, but rare with other pathogens. Vomiting was associated with almost all cases of S. aureus and B. cereus infection, and occurred in 71.5% of the Norovirus cases and 56.1% of the V. parahaemolyticus cases. Vomiting was less common in the C. perfringens (22.0%) and the ETEC and STEC (both about 5%). Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting were statistically significantly more common with STEC 0157 infection than with STEC non-0157 infection. Since the cases analyzed in this study included all degrees of illness, mild to severe, and a wide range of ages, the information obtained will serve as a good reference material for administrative and laboratory work when an outbreak takes place.


Assuntos
Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Febre/etiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/fisiopatologia , Gastroenterite/fisiopatologia , Vômito/etiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/fisiopatologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/virologia , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Humanos , Norovirus/patogenicidade , Intoxicação Alimentar Estafilocócica/fisiopatologia
16.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi ; 79(8): 527-33, 2005 Aug.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16167783

RESUMO

Between September 2000 and March 2003 healthy subjects in 10 prefectures of Japan were investigated to identify carriers of Neisseria meningitidis. Twenty-five N. meningitidis strains were isolated from 5886 throat swab specimens collected from healthy persons, such as students, elderly, and foreigners. Of the 25 carriers, 9 were teenagers, 15 were in their twenties, and only one was in the fifties. The male-female ratio of the carriers was 17 to 8, showing male dominance. The serogroups of the 25 strains were B (9 strains), Y (4 strains) and non-groupable (12 strains). One of the strains was found to be deficient in gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase activity, which is an identification marker for N. meningitidis.


Assuntos
Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Meningite Meningocócica/microbiologia , Neisseria meningitidis/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
18.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 1(2): ofu061, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25734131

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection causes severe diseases such as bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Although EHEC O157:H7 strains have exhibited high genetic variability, their abilities to cause human diseases have not been fully examined. METHODS: Clade typing and stx subtyping of EHEC O157:H7 strains, which were isolated in Japan during 1999-2011 from 269 HUS patients and 387 asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and showed distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, were performed to determine relationships between specific lineages and clinical presentation. RESULTS: Clades 6 and 8 strains were more frequently found among the isolates from HUS cases than those from ACs (P = .00062 for clade 6, P < .0001 for clade 8). All clade 6 strains isolated from HUS patients harbored stx2a and/or stx2c, whereas all clade 8 strains harbored either stx2a or stx2a/stx2c. However, clade 7 strains were predominantly found among the AC isolates but less frequently found among the HUS isolates, suggesting a significant association between clade 7 and AC (P < .0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that 0-9 year old age is a significant predictor of the association between clade 8 and HUS. We also found an intact norV gene, which encodes for a nitric oxide reductase that inhibits Shiga toxin activity under anaerobic condition, in all clades 1-3 isolates but not in clades 4-8 isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of EHEC O157:H7 strains that belonged to clades 6/8 and harbored specific stx subtypes may be important for defining the risk of disease progression in EHEC-infected 0- to 9-year-old children.

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