RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Ebstein's anomaly (EA) current surgical criteria may not translate into better long-term survival. The aim of this study was therefore to determine if surgical treatment for EA increases survival, and to analyze factors associated with mortality.MethodsâandâResults:A retrospective study was carried out involving 103 patients with surgical indication using current criteria, comparing operated (n=49; 47.5%) and non-operated patients (n=54; 52.4%); the severity of disease was similar in all cases. Overall follow-up was 12 years (range, 1-49 years). There were no differences in mortality: in the surgical and non-surgical groups, survival at 10 years was 92.8% vs. 90.7%; 20 years, 85.7% vs. 81.0%; and 30 years, 78.5% vs. 72.2%, respectively. On multivariate analysis right ventricular fractional shortening (RVFS) was associated with mortality in both groups. Decreasing RVFS was associated with worse survival according to severity: when RVFS was <20%, survival at 20, 40 and 60 years was 58%, 39%, and 12.5%, respectively (P<0.0013). Left ventricular ejection fraction also correlated with survival (P<0.0013). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery did not translate into benefit in terms of survival, and this was clearly associated with RV function; therefore this should be a key factor in the surgical decision making.
Assuntos
Anomalia de Ebstein , Função Ventricular Direita , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Anomalia de Ebstein/mortalidade , Anomalia de Ebstein/fisiopatologia , Anomalia de Ebstein/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis may be complicated by complete atrioventricular block (CAVB), requiring a permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. Predicting this complication could help to plan the surgical. OBJECTIVE: Determine whether electrocardiography and echocardiography are useful methods for predicting the need for PPM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational and transversal study was performed. An echocardiography based semi-quantitative classification was implemented to graduate the extent of calcification of the aortic valve. RESULTS: We included 95 patients; 10 of them required PPM implantation (10.52%). In the pre-surgical basal electrocardiogram we observed that 90% of patients that required PPM had conduction abnormalities as opposed to only 24.7% in the other group, p = 0.001. A 1st and 2nd degree AV block (AVB 1 and 2) was identified in 8 patients that subsequently needed PPM (80%) vs. 5 patients (5.9%), in the group that did not required it, p = 0.001.OR 41.7, IC 95% 6.5-68. We found a grade 3 calcification extent in 80% of patients who required PPM implant compared with only 17.6% of patients in the other group, p = 0.04, OR 4.8, IC 95% 0.76-29. The AVB 1 and 2 were the single predictor in multivariate analysis but the calcification 3 + AVB 1 and 2, increased sensibility. CONCLUISON: In patients with aortic stenosis in whom aortic valve replacement was performed, identifying AVB 1 and 2 on the basal electrocardiogram is a useful tool in order to identify requirement of PPM. The grade 3 of calcification extent increased the sensibility of this prediction.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/patologia , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/etiologia , Calcinose/cirurgia , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/terapia , Calcinose/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Feminino , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Marca-Passo Artificial , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia has been associated with an increased risk of endothelial dysfunction (ED), cardiovascular and renal disease. The role of uric acid (UA) on vascular damage is still controversial because previous studies have included patients with other risk factor for ED. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the treatment with allopurinol improved endothelial function in hyperuricemic patients without other risk factors for ED. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to gain more insight about the contribution of UA to the ED, we screened 369 apparently healthy male individuals for UA in a period of 9 months. Only 9 patients fulfill the inclusion criteria: UA plasma levels > 7 mg/dL without other risk factors for ED such as hypercholesterolemia, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. RESULTS: Endothelial function, assessed by flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery improved significantly after 30 days of allopurinol treatment (9.6% [6.3-13.3%] vs. 13.7% [11-14.7%], p = 0.036), concomitantly with a decrease of about 45% in the uric acid plasma levels. Other parameters were not modified by allopurinol treatment. Any No significant correlation was found (r = -0.367, p = 0.33) between the ΔUA plasma levels (UA after treatment - UA in basal conditions) and ΔFMD (FMD after treatment - FMD in basal conditions). CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that allopurinol improves flow-mediated vasodilation regardless of uric acid plasma concentrations.
Assuntos
Alopurinol/farmacologia , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Supressores da Gota/farmacologia , Hiperuricemia/tratamento farmacológico , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Alopurinol/uso terapêutico , Artéria Braquial/efeitos dos fármacos , Artéria Braquial/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Supressores da Gota/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hiperuricemia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Vasodilatação/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is a myopathy of the right ventricle that causes a variable spectrum of tricuspid valve delamination failure with diverse clinical and anatomical presentation. We reviewed our data of EA to establish an association between clinical and echocardiographic findings with mortality. METHODS: We divided patients in infants, Children/adolescents (Ch/A), and adults, according to age of presentation. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were compared among groups. Multivariate analysis was performed for mortality. Survival analysis was plotted using Kaplan Meier curves. RESULTS: Cyanosis, severe forms of AE and heart failure were more frequent among infants, arrhythmias in Ch/A and stroke among adults. Surgery was performed in 71 patients; infants had higher mortality and early complications. We found that the predicted mortality at 40 years of age in the three groups was significantly different (log rank test, p <0.0001): Infants: 38%, Ch/A 16 and 4% in adults. Multivariate model in surgical group showed that progressive drop of right ventricular fractional shortening (RVFS) predicts a higher mortality risk. In the non-surgical group, low RVFS and cyanosis were significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: EA in infants is linked to higher morbidity and mortality, while arrhythmias predominate in Ch/A and stroke in adults. In general, stroke is frequent in patients with EA, some prevention alternative must be implemented. Right ventricular dysfunction is very important in EA and is associated with high mortality. It must be subject of discussion the planning of the type of surgery or even in the decision of to preclude surgical treatment.
Assuntos
Anomalia de Ebstein/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The Barlow's syndrome is a disease characterized by the presence of mitral valve prolapse and a wide range of signs and symptoms. We know that its manifestations has a great variety existing cases with little clinical expression as those seen frequently in daily practice or the other side opposite completely in which, the syndrome is so complex getting to the patient to present many symptoms secondary to hemodynamics alterations that reduce by much its quality of life and even modify its prognosis.The case that we present is a female patient of 25 years old with Barlow's syndrome and functional class II-III of NewYork Heart Association as a result of the alterations in the contractility function of the heart that finally caused her death.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/etiologia , Prolapso da Valva Mitral/complicações , Adulto , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , SíndromeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The EuroSCORE (European System for cardiac operative risk evaluation) stratifies cardiac risk surgery in easy and accessible manner; it was validated in North America with good results but in many countries of Latin America is used routinely without prior validation. Our objective was to validate the EuroSCORE in patients with cardiac valve surgery at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh) in México. METHODS: EuroSCORE additive and logistic models were used to predict mortality in adults undergoing cardiac valve surgery from march 2004 to march 2008. The goodness of fit test of Hosmer-Lemeshow was used to evaluate the calibration. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to determinate discrimination. RESULTS: We included 1188 patients with ages of 51.3±14.5 years, 52% women. There were significant differences in the prevalence of risk factors among the INCICh and the EuroSCORE populations. Total mortality was 9.68% versus 5% and 5.6% predicted by additive and logistic EuroSCORE. According to additive EuroSCORE the risk was low in 11.3%, intermediate in 52.9% and high in 35.9%; for these groups the mortality was .7%, 6.34% and 17.4% against those predicted of 2%, 3.9% and 7.64%. Hosmer-Lemeshow test had a P<.001 for both models and the area under the ROC curve was .707 and .694 for additive and logistic EuroSCORE. CONCLUSION: In the INCICh 88.7% of patients with cardiac valve surgery had intermediate to high risk and EuroSCORE underestimated the risk of mortality.
Assuntos
Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: El European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) estratifica el riesgo quirúrgico en cirugía cardiaca de manera fácil y accesible; se validó en Norteamérica con buenos resultados, pero en muchos países de Latinoamérica se utiliza rutinariamente sin validación previa. Nuestro objetivo fue validar EuroSCORE en pacientes con cirugía valvular en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh) de México. Métodos: Se aplicaron los modelos de EuroSCORE aditivo y logístico para predecir mortalidad en pacientes con cirugía valvular de marzo de 2004 a marzo de 2008. Se usó la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow para evaluar la calibración. Se calculó el área bajo la curva ROC para determinar la discriminación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1,188 pacientes con edades de 51.3 ± 14.5 años, 52% mujeres. Hubo diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo entre la población del INCICh y del EuroSCORE. La mortalidad total fue de 9.68% con predichas de 5% y 5.6% por EuroSCORE aditivo y logístico. De acuerdo a EuroSCORE aditivo tenían riesgo bajo 11.3%, intermedio 52.9% y alto 35.9%; para estos grupos la mortalidad fue de 0.7%, 6.4% y 17.4% contra las predichas de 2%, 3.9% y 7.64%. La prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow tuvo una p < 0.001 para ambos modelos, y el área bajo la curva ROC de 0.707 y de 0.694 para EuroSCORE aditivo y logístico. Conclusión: En el INCICh el 88.7% de los pacientes con cirugía valvular tuvieron riesgo intermedio a alto y EuroSCORE subestimó el riesgo de mortalidad.
Abstract: Objective: The EuroSCORE (European System for cardiac operative risk evaluation) stratifies cardiac risk surgery in easy and accessible manner; it was validated in North America with good results but in many countries of Latin America is used routinely without prior validation. Our objective was to validate the EuroSCORE in patients with cardiac valve surgery at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh) in México. Methods: EuroSCORE additive and logistic models were used to predict mortality in adults undergoing cardiac valve surgery from march 2004 to march 2008. The goodness of fit test of Hosmer-Lemeshow was used to evaluate the calibration. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to determinate discrimination. Results: We included 1188 patients with ages of 51.3 ± 14.5 years, 52% women. There were significant differences in the prevalence of risk factors among the INCICh and the EuroSCORE populations. Total mortality was 9.68% versus 5% and 5.6% predicted by additive and logistic EuroSCORE. According to additive EuroSCORE the risk was low in 11.3%, intermediate in 52.9% and high in 35.9%; for these groups the mortality was .7%, 6.34% and 17.4% against those predicted of 2%, 3.9% and 7.64%. Hosmer-Lemeshow test had a P < .001 for both models and the area under the ROC curve was .707 and .694 for additive and logistic EuroSCORE. Conclusion: In the INCICh 88.7% of patients with cardiac valve surgery had intermediate to high risk and EuroSCORE underestimated the risk of mortality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Medição de Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , MéxicoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: In our hospital, the patients that need an elective cardiac surgery are admitted through the admission department on the basis of a waiting list. Since 1999, a fast track to hospitalization program has existed in the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez for patients with low surgical risk. Later, in 2004, this program was extended to patients to moderate risk, based on rules accepted worldwide, and our own experience. OBJECTIVES: 1) To compare two ways of admission that are used currently: fast track to hospitalization, against admission department waiting list. We compared major events: death or events that increased the hospital stay by more than 14 days (infections, alterations of rhythm and conduction, reoperations and others), 2) To compare the days of hospitalization and money spent by the hospital. METHODS: We conformed 2 groups of 347 patients. The admission department waiting list group was admitted before doing their preoperative studies, which is the customary form for hospitalization by our admissions department, while the group of fast track to hospitalization was obligated to have their laboratory exams complete and any other diseases resolved or controlled previously. The monetary cost per patient for the hospital was calculated based on the patient's socioeconomic classification. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student t test was conduncted on independent samples and numerical variables, and Chi square for categorical variables. We considered a p <0.05 to be statistically significant. RESULTS: In average in both groups, 75% underwent valve operation and 25% underwent congenital heart disease repair, 49% were women, age 47 15 years. The comparison between the groups fast track to hospitalization and admission department waiting list group were: Mortality: 4.3% vs. 5.8% (p=0.38). Major events that needed a hospital stay of more than 14 days: 73 vs. 97 cases respectively (p = 0.032). Infections: 22 vs. 29 (p = 0.14). Mediastinitis: 2 vs. 9 respectively (p = 0.033). In-hospital stay: were 11 days vs. 20 days (p = 0.0001), the biggest difference was found in the pre-surgical time: 2 vs. 9 days respectively (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The postoperative morbidity in general was lower in fast track to hospitalization group, and the mediastinitis showed a decrease with statistical significance. The time interval between hospital admission an operation in fast track to hospitalization group was significantly shorter. We believe that the decrease in the exposure time to nosocomial pathogens present in the hospital environment was directly related to the low number of mediastinitis. Finally, the decrease in time of hospital stay represented a 32% monetary savings for the hospital.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Custos Hospitalares , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Listas de Espera , Assistência Ambulatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Período Pré-OperatórioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In 1999 so as to decrease the list of cardiac surgery the "fast track" program was started for patients with very mortality low risk. In 2004, this program was extended to moderate risk patients. OBJECTIVES: A prospective, descriptive study to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of "fast track" program patients for elective cardiac surgery. We also analyzed the hospital stay, mortality, complications and readmissions. METHODS: From March 2004 to February we included adult patients with indications for cardiac surgery, low to intermediate risk of mortality and complete preoperative requirements. RESULTS: From a total of 598 patients, 533 were analyzed, aged 47±14 years, 62.5% female. They were classified in four groups: valvular (68%), congenital (25%), coronary artery disease (5%), and mixed (2%). The average hospital stay was: preoperative 1.9, intensive care unit three, postoperative in hospitalization 6.9 and total 11.9 days. We found that 17.8% had a hospital stay longer than 14 days due to: reoperations, pulmonary complications, arrhythmias or infections. The mortality was 4.1 and 2.8% had readmissions three months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This program shows a low rate of mortality, hospital stay and readmissions."
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Listas de EsperaRESUMO
Los pacientes que van a una cirugía electiva de corazón, se internan a través de una lista de espera de admisión hospitalaria. Desde 1999 existe en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, la "vía rápida de internamiento" para pacientes de bajo riesgo quirúrgico, que en el 2004 se extendió a riesgo moderado, tomando como base criterios propios y criterios internacionalmente aceptados. Objetivos: 1) comparar las dos alternativas de internamiento utilizadas actualmente: vía de internamiento rápido; y el internamiento a través de la lista de espera del departamento de admisión, tomando en consideración los eventos mayores que presentaron como: muerte o complicaciones que prolongaron la estancia hospitalaria a más de 14 días (Infecciones, reoperación, alteraciones del ritmo y de la conducción y otros). 2) Comparar los días de estancia y consumo de recursos hospitalarios. Métodos: Se tomaron dos cohortes de 347 pacientes, el grupo control fue obtenido de la lista de espera del departamento de admisión, mientras que el grupo de la vía de internamiento rápido, tuvo como requisito tener los estudios preoperatorios completos y a los enfermos con comorbilidad resuelta o compensada. Los gastos generados al hospital por cada paciente se calcularon de acuerdo a la clasificación socioeconómica de los enfermos. Análisis estadístico: Se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y variables numéricas y Ji cuadrada para las variables categóricas, se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: Ambos grupos se conformaron por un promedio de 75% con patología valvular y 25% con patología congénita simple, 49.9% fueron mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 47 ± 15 años. Las comparaciones del grupo de la vía de internamiento rápido con el grupo admitido a través de la lista de admisión fueron: Mortalidad: 4.3% vs. 5.8% (p = 0.38). Eventos mayores que ameritaron una estancia hospitalaria mayor a 14 días: 73 vs. 97 casos respectivamente (p = 0.032). Procesos infecciosos en general: 22 vs. 29 (p = 0.14). Mediastinitis: dos vs. nueve respectivamente (p = 0.033). Días de estancia hospitalaria: 11 vs. 20 (p = 0.0001). La mayor diferencia se encontró en el tiempo preoperatorio: dos vs. nueve días respectivamente (p = 0.0001). Conclusión: La morbilidad posquirúrgica en conjunto fue significativamente menor en el grupo de la vía de internamiento rápido, y dentro de esta, las mediastinitis se presentaron con menor frecuencia, con diferencia estadística. El tiempo preoperatorio fue mucho menor en el grupo de la vía de internamiento rápido, esto disminuyó el tiempo de exposición a microorganismos nosocomiales lo que creemos puede explicar la disminución de los eventos de mediastinitis. Finalmente, la reducción en el tiempo de hospitalización en el grupo de la vía de internamiento rápido, dio como resultado un ahorro monetario para el hospital de 32%.
In our hospital, the patients that need an elective cardiac surgery are admitted through the admission department on the basis of a waiting list. Since 1999, a fast track to hospitalization program has existed in the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez for patients with low surgical risk. Later, in 2004, this program was extended to patients to moderate risk, based on rules accepted worldwide, and our own experience. Objectives: 1) To compare two ways of admission that are used currently: fast track to hospitalization, against admission department waiting list. We compared major events: death or events that increased the hospital stay by more than 14 days (infections, alterations of rhythm and conduction, reoperations and others), 2) To compare the days of hospitalization and money spent by the hospital. Methods: We conformed 2 groups of 347 patients. The admission department waiting list group was admitted before doing their preoperative studies, which is the customary form for hospitalization by our admissions department, while the group of fast track to hospitalization was obligated to have their laboratory exams complete and any other diseases resolved or controlled previously. The monetary cost per patient for the hospital was calculated based on the patient's socioeconomic classification. Statistical analysis: Student t test was conducted on independent samples and numerical variables, and Chi square for categorical variables. We considered a p < 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results: In average in both groups, 75% underwent valve operation and 25% underwent congenital heart disease repair, 49% were women, age 47± 15 years. The comparison between the groups fast track to hospitalization and admission department waiting list group were: Mortality: 4.3% vs. 5.8% (p=0.38). Major events that needed a hospital stay of more than 14 days: 73 vs. 97 cases respectively (p = 0.032). Infections: 22 vs. 29 (p = 0.14). Mediastinitis: 2 vs. 9 respectively (p = 0.033). In-hospital stay: were 11 days vs. 20 days (p = 0.0001), the biggest difference was found in the pre-surgical time: 2 vs. 9 days respectively (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The postoperative morbidity in general was lower in fast track to hospitalization group, and the mediastinitis showed a decrease with statistical significance. The time interval between hospital admission and operation in fast track to hospitalization group was significantly shorter. We believe that the decrease in the exposure time to nosocomial pathogens present in the hospital environment was directly related to the low number of mediastinitis. Finally, the decrease in time of hospital stay represented a 32% monetary savings for the hospital.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Custos Hospitalares , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Listas de Espera , Assistência Ambulatorial , Período Pré-Operatório , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: Para disminuir la lista de espera para la cirugía cardiaca electiva, en 1999 el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez inició un programa de vía rápida para casos de muy bajo riesgo quirúrgico. En 2004, este programa se extendió a pacientes con riesgo intermedio. Objetivos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, para evaluar las características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes del programa de vía rápida en cirugía cardiaca electiva. También se analizaron la estancia hospitalaria, mortalidad, complicaciones y reingresos. Métodos: De marzo de 2004 a febrero de 2009 incluimos pacientes adultos con indicación de cirugía cardiaca y con riesgo quirúrgico de bajo a intermedio, con requisitos preoperatorios completos antes del internamiento. Resultados: De un total de 598 pacientes ingresados al programa, se analizaron 533, con edad de 47 ± 14 años, 62.5% mujeres. Se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: valvulares (68%), congénitos (25%), isquémicos (5%) y mixtos (2%). Los promedios de días de estancia hospitalaria fueron: preoperatoria 1.9, terapia tres, postoperatoria en piso 6.9 y total 11.9 días. Se evidenció que 17.8 % estuvieron más de 14 días por: reoperaciones, complicaciones pulmonares, arritmias, o infecciones. La mortalidad fue de 4.1% y hubo 2.8% de reingresos en los primeros tres meses posteriores a la cirugía. Conclusiones: Este programa conduce a bajos índices de mortalidad, estancia hospitalaria y reingresos.
Background: In 1999 so as to decrease the list of cardiac surgery the "fast track" program was started for patients with very mortality low risk. In 2004, this program was extended to moderate risk patients. Objectives: A prospective, descriptive study to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of "fast track" program patients for elective cardiac surgery. We also analyzed the hospital stay, mortality, complications and readmissions. Methods: From March 2004 to February we included adult patients with indications for cardiac surgery, low to intermediate risk of mortality and complete preoperative requirements. Results: From a total of 598 patients, 533 were analyzed, aged 47±14 years, 62.5% female. They were classified in four groups: valvular (68%), congenital (25%), coronary artery disease (5%), and mixed (2%). The average hospital stay was: preoperative 1.9, intensive care unit three, postoperative in hospitalization 6.9 and total 11.9 days. We found that 17.8% had a hospital stay longer than 14 days due to: reoperations, pulmonary complications, arrhythmias or infections. The mortality was 4.1 and 2.8% had readmissions three months after surgery. Conclusions: This program shows a low rate of mortality, hospital stay and readmissions.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Listas de EsperaRESUMO
The Barlow's syndrome is a disease characterized by the presence of mitral valve prolapse and a wide range of signs and symptoms. We know that its manifestations has a great variety existing cases with little clinical expression as those seen frequently in daily practice or the other side opposite completely in which, the syndrome is so complex getting to the patient to present many symptoms secondary to hemodynamics alterations that reduce by much its quality of life and even modify its prognosis.The case that we present is a female patient of 25 years old with Barlow's syndrome and functional class II-III of NewYork Heart Association as a result of the alterations in the contractility function of the heart that finally caused her death.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Cardiomiopatias , Prolapso da Valva Mitral , Evolução Fatal , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , SíndromeRESUMO
La hipertensión ventricular derecha es una entidad esperada en enfermedades cardiopulmonares. La obstrucción mecánica del tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho es una de ellas. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 69 años de edad con historia de hepatocarcinoma previamente tratado, quien presentó hipertensión ventricular derecha por obstrucción metastásica única al ventrículo derecho. El comportamiento clínico es de un síndrome de hipertensión venosa sistémica. Los estudios no invasivos, como el ecocardiograma y la tomografía axial computarizada la delimitaron. No se demostró actividad neoplásica o metástasis en otros órganos. La neoformación intra-ventricular derecha fue corroborada mediante cardio-angiografía y la biopsia tumoral confirmó el diagnóstico.
Right ventricular hypertension (RVH) is an entity that could be expected in various cardiopulmonary diseases. Mechanical obstruction to the right ventricle outflow tract is a cause of RVH. We present the case of a 69 year-old male with a history of hepatocarcinoma previously treated. The developed RVH due to mechanical obstruction secondary to metastatic infiltration of the right ventricle. The clinical syndrome was characterized by systemic venous hypertension. Non-invasive studies, such as electrocardiogram and computed tomography scan limited the metastasis to the right ventricle; the diagnosis was confirmed by cardio-angiography and endocardial biopsy. The studies did not demonstrate neoplastic activity at any other level. (Arch Cardiol Mex 2005; 75: 170-177).
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/secundário , Neoplasias Cardíacas/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Biópsia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Eletrocardiografia , Evolução Fatal , Neoplasias Cardíacas , Neoplasias Cardíacas , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração , Ventrículos do Coração , Radiografia Torácica , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/patologia , Disfunção Ventricular Direita , Obstrução do Fluxo Ventricular Externo/patologia , Obstrução do Fluxo Ventricular ExternoRESUMO
El incremento en la explosión demográfica, el aumento en la esperanza de vida y el desarrollo tecnológico vertiginoso, han hecho que el número de pacientes con padecimientos cardiacos y necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico se haya venido incrementando en las últimas dos décadas. Esto ha obligado a numerosas instituciones a tener que dar prioridad a los casos avanzados o de mayor gravedad, haciéndose un rezago en el caso de padecimientos cuya naturaleza no implique tanta urgencia operatoria. Con el objeto de conocer, si el establecimiento de una vía de internamiento, diferente a la habitual, que incluyese pacientes con padecimientos con escaso deterioro y poca posibilidad de complicación quirúrgica, pudiese mejorar esta situación, se realizó un estudio prospectivo, contrastando los costos de tratamiento quirúrgico de 70 enfermos, con otros 70 enfermos con patologías similares pero con diferente grado de avance del padecimiento, internados por la vía habitual y operados en el mismo periodo de tiempo. La mortalidad se redujo en un 5.71 por ciento, la morbilidad en un 18.2 por ciento y los costos se abatieron en un 48.7 por ciento. Se señala además la enorme frecuencia entre la comunicación interauricular y la enfermedad de Von Willebrand en nuestro medio. Se propone el mantenimiento y aumento de número de operaciones por esta vía y se señalan las limitaciones de la misma
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Cirurgia Torácica/métodos , Tratamento de Emergência , Instalações de Saúde , Listas de EsperaRESUMO
Con el objeto de conocer la prevalencia de los siguientes factores miocardiopáticos: alcoholismo acentuado (AA), hipertension arterial sistémica (HAS) y coronariopatía obstructiva (CO), se estudiaron 31 casos de cardiomiopatía dilatada (CMD) previamente considerados de tipo idiopático. Después de un seguimiento de 3 años + ou - 7 meses se efectuó una segunda valoración a la luz de nuevas observaciones clínicas o paraclínicas (se hicieron 13 estudios coronariográficos, 3 necropsias y una investigación orientada a detectar AA e HAS). En 16 (51,6%), 14 (45%) y 9 (29%) casos se encontró relación entre la supuesta CMD y AA, HAS y CO, respectivamente. Un solo factor estuvo presente en el 48% de la población, 2 en el 19% y 3 factores en el 13%. La falta de un reconocimiento de estos elementos etiológicos en una primera instancia dependió de algunas características clínicas peculiares de los casos, de interpretaciones particulares del médico tratante o de modificaciones del comportamiento psíquico de algunos enfermos. El 67% de los casos tuvo alguno de los siguientes factores miocardiopáticos menores que contribuyeron al daño miocárdico: insuficiencia mitral órganomuscular, embolia pulmonar, bloqueo aurículo-ventricular y diabetes mellitus. En conclusión: en 31 casos considerados como CMD se logró identificar la etiología en 25; es decir en un 80%. Enfatizamos que antes de considerar el diagnóstico de CMD idiopática se deben investigar intencionadamente los factores aquí señalados. Se propone el término de CMD multifactorial para nombrar los casos en los que concurren varios elementos lesionantes del miocardio
Assuntos
Humanos , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/etiologia , SeguimentosRESUMO
Para conocer el valor de una característica, según nuestras observaciones, forma de repolarización ventricular derecha para el diagnóstico de la comunicación interauricular, se estudiaron 100 pacientes con bloqueo troncular de la rama derecha del haz de His de grado intermedio, en los que mediante estudio hemodinámico se demostró el defecto septal auricular. Dicha repolarización ventricular drecha característica estudiada, consiste en un segmento S-T recto y largo ( de más de 60 milisegundos) que forma, en su prolongación en el espacio con la rama ascendente de la onda T, un ángulo de 60 grados a aun mayor. El dato fue positivo en 82 casos (sensibilidad del 82%). No hubo diferencias entre los grupos de edades ni el grado hipertensión arterial pulmonar, en cuanto a la frecuencia de aparición del signo. Se formó un grupo control de 65 enfermos con bloqueo proximal de la rama derecha de grado intermedio, en los que se descartó la comunicación interauricular. En 14 casos se encontró el signo electrocardiográfico descrito (especificidad del 78.4%). El valor predictivo positivo fue del 85.4% y el valor predictivo negativo del 73.9%, con eficiencia diagnóstica del 80.6% En 67 pacientes en los que se practicó el cierre quirúrgico del defecto, el dato desapareció en el 87.7% de los casos. Se concluye que la mencionada forma de repolarización ventricular derecha, en presencia de bloqueo troncular de la rama derecha de haz de His, apoya el diagnóstico de comunicación interauricular
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fascículo Atrioventricular , Bloqueio de Ramo/diagnóstico , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/diagnóstico , Hemodinâmica , Grupos Controle , EletrocardiografiaRESUMO
Se informan los hallazgos ecocardiográficos presentes en una paciente con endocarditis infecciosa en las válvulas aórtica, mitral y tricuspídea injertadas en un corazón sin aparente cardiopatía previa. Los estadios ecocardiográficos seriados en modo M y bidimensional, mostraran la presencia de vegetaciones en las válvulas mencionadas. El empleo del ecocardiograma es un método eficaz que permite detectar en la mayor parte de los casos la presencia de las vegetaciones valvulares en la endocarditis infecciosa y con ello ayuda a establecer la indicación del momento quirúrgico
Assuntos
Adolescente , Humanos , Feminino , Endocardite Bacteriana , Ecocardiografia , SeguimentosRESUMO
En 113 pacientes con estenosis mitral pura o muy predominante, se realizó valvuloplastía miral percutánea con balón (VMPB) de Inoue. Al sexo femenino correspondieron 97 y 16 al masculino. El promedio de edad fue de 40 ñ 11 años con extremos de 18 y 70 años. En ritmo sinusal estaban 95 pacientes, en fibrilación auricular 18. Comisurotomía quirúrgica previa en 13 pacientes, y 5 se encontrarban embarazadas al momento del procedimiento. Los pacientes fueron cuidadosamente seleccionados tanto clínica como ecocardiográficamente y utilizando también el score de Wilkins (SW). Se efectuó ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE) cuando el transtorácico (ETT) no fue satisfactorio. Previo cateterismo izquierdo y derecha, con abordaje transeptal atrial, se realizó valvuloplastía con catéter balón sencillo de Inoue. En 106 pacientes (93.8 por ciento), se logró un incremento significativo del área mitral (AVM) y en un paciente (0.88 por ciento) no se logró dilatar. Los resultados ecocardiográficos mostraron un incremento del AVM de 0.95 ñ 0.19 a 16.1 ñ 0.34 cm² (p < 0.0001). El gradiente transvalvular mitral (GTM) disminuyó de 16.18 ñ 4.69 a 9.14 ñ 3.20 mmHg (p< 0.0001). La presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar (PSAP) disminuyó de 46.94 ñ 18.87 a 34.06 ñ 13.33 mmHg (p< 0.0001). La clase funcional mejoró en todos los pacientes que tuvieron seguimiento a mediano y largo plazo. Como complicaciones se tuvo insuficiencia mitral (IM) severa en 6 pacientes, que fueron llevados a cambio valvular mitral: 2 de ellos fallecieron durante la cirugía (uno por sangrado y otro por desgarros no reparables de las aurículas). Un paciente presentó enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) a la semana del procedimiento. En 3, se produjo comunicación interatrial (CIA) no significativa. Un paciente falleció 2 meses después del procedimiento por endocarditis bacteriana subaguda (EBSA). La VMPB puede ser considerada como un tratamiento efectivo y seguro para los pacientes con estenosis mitral sintomática.