Assuntos
Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/diagnóstico , Mielofibrose Primária/diagnóstico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Biópsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Leucócitos/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mielofibrose Primária/tratamento farmacológico , Mielofibrose Primária/genética , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pediatric COVID-19 studies exploring the relationships between NPS and saliva viral loads, clinical and immunological profiles are lacking. METHODS: Demographics, immunological profiles, nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), and saliva samples collected on admission, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were assessed in children below 18 years with COVID-19. FINDINGS: 91 patients were included between March and August 20 20. NPS and saliva viral loads were correlated (r = 0.315, p = 0.01). Symptomatic patients had significantly higher NPS and saliva viral loads than asymptomatic patients. Serial NPS and saliva viral load measurements showed that the log10 NPS (r = -0.532, p < 0.001) and saliva (r = -0.417, p < 0.001) viral loads for all patients were inversely correlated with the days from symptom onset with statistical significance. Patients with cough, sputum, and headache had significantly higher saliva, but not NPS, viral loads. Higher saliva, but not NPS, viral loads were associated with total lymphopenia, CD3 and CD4 lymphopenia (all p < 0.05), and were inversely correlated with total lymphocyte (r = -0.43), CD3 (r = -0.55), CD4 (r = -0.60), CD8 (r = -0.41), B (r = -0.482), and NK (r = -0.416) lymphocyte counts (all p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION: Saliva viral loads on admission in children correlated better with clinical and immunological profiles than NPS.
Assuntos
COVID-19/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Saliva/virologia , Carga Viral , Adolescente , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Nasofaringe/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previously we showed that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases cGMP production in PC12 (sympathetic-neuron-like) cells, cGMP elevations increase survival of hippocampal neurons during glutamate toxicity and ANP-induced cGMP elevations prolongs survival of stressed PC12 cells, all suggesting cGMP mediates anti-apoptotic/pro-survival effects in neural cells. AIM: The objective was to use a new technology, capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced-fluorescence-detector (CE-LIF) to accurately measure nitric oxide (NO)-induced stimulation and ANP/cGMP-induced inhibition of apoptotic DNA fragmentation in PC12 and NG108-15 (cholinergic-neuron-like) cells. METHODS: Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was quantified by CE-LIF. RESULTS: Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.1-1.0 mM, 24 hours), NO donor, increased apoptotic DNA fragmentation in NG108-15 cells, but not PC12 cells (both with serum). In serum-deprived PC12 cells, ANP at 1, 10 and 100 nM inhibited apoptotic DNA fragmentation by 75.8%, 84.7%, and 94.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that NO at higher levels induces apoptosis in NG108-15 cells, but not PC12 cells, indicating differences in susceptibility to NO-induced toxicity, and that ANP-induced cGMP elevation is a potent and effective inhibitor of apoptosis in PC12 cells. The data suggest that NO-induced cGMP elevations in certain neural cells (e.g. PC12 cells) provide a protective (anti-apoptotic) mechanism that counter-balances the pro-apoptotic actions of NO, thus helping to limit damage caused by NO.