Temporal relationships in the movement behaviour of adolescents: Testing and methodological considerations of the ActivityStat hypothesis.

The study aimed to investigate the ActivityStat hypothesis by examining the presence and the timeframe of the temporal relationships among physical activity (PA) levels and stationary time (ST) in adolescents. A secondary analysis was performed on data involving 356 adolescents in Dunedin, New Zealand. Participants wore a waist-worn accelerometer for several consecutive days to assess PA levels [i.e. light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA)] and ST. Bayesian continuous-time structural equation modelling (CT-SEM) was used to examine the relationship between the behaviours over time and the timeframe during which these relationships occur. Increases in LPA, MVPA, and ST were positively associated with their later behaviours until 2.5, 1.7, and 2 days later, respectively. A cross-behavioural reciprocal and negative relationship between LPA and ST was demonstrated 0.4 days later. A positive relationship between ST and MVPA was observed until about 0.4 days later. This is the first study to investigate the ActivityStat hypothesis using Bayesian CT-SEM in adolescents, examining the multivariate relationships among different behaviours and the associated timeframes. To conclude, evidence of activity synergy was suggested for the within-behavioural relationships, while behavioural compensation was noted for ST. Thus, the findings provide some support for the ActivityStat hypothesis in adolescents.

Investigation of movement-related behaviors and energy compensation in people living with liver disease: A scoping review.

The importance of integrated movement behaviours (MB, i.e., physical activity [PA], sedentary behaviour, and sleep) and their interdependence for health has been recently discussed in the literature. The proposition that the amount of time spent in any one of these behaviours may impact the amount of time spent in another is supported by the ActivityStat hypothesis. The aim of this review is to (1) to assess whether individuals with liver disease display MB and/or energy (i.e., total energy expenditure [EE], basal EE, resting EE, and activity EE) compensation throughout the day and/or days; and (2) to examine whether a prescribed PA intervention triggers compensatory responses. Documents were included if they focused on people living with liver disease; analysed MB and/or EE components; were data-based; and were published in English. Fifteen documents were included in the final synthesis. The one finding that addressed research question 1 showed no compensatory response. As for research question 2, most of the findings suggest no compensation effects in response to a PA intervention. There is insufficient evidence to support the ActivityStat hypothesis in people living with liver disease. Further research should be conducted to test this hypothesis using standardized methodological procedures.

The experience of male spouses in the context of breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature.

The purpose of this systematic review is to look into how the experience of husbands of women treated for breast cancer is approached in the literature. Between July and August 2015, the databases of PubMed, SciELO and BIREME were searched for papers published in the period January 2005-July 2015; a final sample of 23 papers was defined. The studies listed several negative and positive aspects of the experience, such as financial difficulties, psychological distress, lack of coping skills among family members, social recognition of the role of caregiver, acquisition of new responsibilities and the maturing of family members.

Effect of 16 weeks of resistance exercise and detraining comparing two methods of blood flow restriction in muscle strength of healthy older women: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of 16 weeks of resistance training using different occlusion pressures, followed by 6 weeks of detraining on the muscular strength levels of older women. METHODS: This randomized-controlled trial included 56 recreationally active women (68.8 ±â€¯5.09 years), randomized into 5 groups: 1) Low-intensity with blood flow restriction "High" (LI + BFR_H): with higher occlusion pressure, 2) Low-intensity with blood flow restriction "Low" (LI + BFR_L): with lower occlusion pressure, 3) High-intensity (HI), 4) Low-intensity (LI), and 5) Control Group (CG). Participants completed 16 weeks of resistance exercise training, followed by a 6-week detraining period. Maximal isokinetic torque (N.m) of right and left knee extension (PTRE/PTLE) and flexion (PTRF/PTLF) was measured at pre-training, post-training and immediately following the detraining period. RESULTS: Increased strength was observed in the LI + BFR_H, LI + BRF_L and HI groups post-training compared to baseline in the PTRE (Δ% = 27.2, 15.75 and 13.81%, p < .05, respectively), PTLE (Δ% = 25.2, 18.95 and 30.39%, p < .05, respectively), PTRF (Δ% = 36.7, 22.79 and 34.97%, p < .05, respectively) and PTLF in the groups (Δ% = 35.8, 24.93 and 26.14%, p < .05, respectively). Following the detraining period, the LI + BFR_H, LI + BFR_L and HI groups had a decrease in strength levels, but values did not decrease below baseline level. CONCLUSION: Low intensity BFR resistance exercise increases muscle strength in older women similar to HI, with higher occlusion pressures being more effective. Muscle strength was well preserved following a 6-week detraining period, and although reductions were observed, some preservation of strength can be explained by possible neural adaptations to exercise.

Physiological and neuromuscular responses during the game in female futsal players / Respostas neuromusculares e fisiológicas durante o jogo em atletas de futsal feminino

ABSTRACT This study has evaluated the differences in the physiological and neuromuscular responses in female futsal athletes during a friendly game. Sample comprised six female futsal players (21.8 ± 3.9 years; 57.4 ± 4.1 kg; 159.0 ± 2.7 cm height; 19.0 ± 3.3% body fat and 7.8 ± 1.8 years of practice). Heart rate (HR) was monitored during the whole game. Coutermovement Jump (CMJ), Resistance Explosive Power (REP) lower limb and blood lactate have been evaluated before and after the final of the first and second periods. To compare physiological and neuromuscular variables between the different moments we have used standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence interval (CI = 90%) and the probabilities of differences with clinical relevance. Maximal heart rate (HRmax) was 186.6 ± 10.6 and 185.8 ± 8.3, first and second periods, respectively. There has been a substantial lactate increasing in the moment prior to the start of the game to the final of the first (2.1 ± 0.3 to 6.3 ± 2.3 mmol/L-1, SMD = 5.25 (3.28: 7.21), 100/0/0; most likely) and the second periods (2.1 ± 0.3 to 5.4 ± 1.3 mmol/L-1, SMD = 4.62 (3.19: 6.04), 100/0/0; most likely). Although there has been an increase in blood lactate, the performance of female futsal players was not suppressed during and immediately after a friendly game, suggesting that the neuromuscular system may be restored immediately after the end of the game.

RESUMO O presente estudo testou se existem diferenças, nas respostas fisiológicas e neuromusculares em atletas de futsal durante um jogo amistoso. A amostra foi composta por seis atletas de futsal do sexo feminino (21,8 ± 3,9 anos; 57,4 ± 4,1 kg; 159,0 ± 2,7 cm de altura; 19,0 ± 3,3% gordura corporal e 7,8 ± 1,8 anos de tempo de prática). A frequência cardíaca (FC) foi monitorada durante toda a partida. O salto com contramovimento, resistência de força explosiva de membros inferiores e lactato sanguíneo foram avaliados antes, após o final do primeiro e segundo tempo de jogo. Para comparação das variáveis neuromusculares e fisiológicas entre os diferentes momentos, nós utilizamos as diferenças de médias estandardizadas (DME), intervalo de confiança (IC = 90%) e probabilidades de haver diferenças com relevância clínica. A FC máxima (FCmáx) foi de 186,6 ± 10,6 e 185,8 ± 8,3, primeiro e segundo tempo, respectivamente. Houve um aumento substancial do lactato do momento que antecedeu o início da partida para o final do primeiro (2,1 ± 0,3 para 6,3 ± 2,3 mmol/L-1, DME = 5,25 (3,28: 7,21), 100/0/0; most likely) e segundo tempo (2,1 ± 0,3 para 5,4 ± 1,3 mmol/L-1, DME = 4,62 (3,19: 6,04), 100/0/0; most likely) de partida. Embora tenha ocorrido um aumento do lactato sanguineo, a performance de atletas femininas de futsal não foi suprimida durante e logo após uma partida amistosa, sugerindo que, o sistema neuromuscular possa estar restaurado logo após o término do jogo.