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1.
Am J Hum Genet ; 104(3): 439-453, 2019 03 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30773278

RESUMO

SPONASTRIME dysplasia is a rare, recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphism, and aberrant radiographic findings of the spine and long bone metaphysis. No causative genetic alterations for SPONASTRIME dysplasia have yet been determined. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified bi-allelic TONSL mutations in 10 of 13 individuals with SPONASTRIME dysplasia. TONSL is a multi-domain scaffold protein that interacts with DNA replication and repair factors and which plays critical roles in resistance to replication stress and the maintenance of genome integrity. We show here that cellular defects in dermal fibroblasts from affected individuals are complemented by the expression of wild-type TONSL. In addition, in vitro cell-based assays and in silico analyses of TONSL structure support the pathogenicity of those TONSL variants. Intriguingly, a knock-in (KI) Tonsl mouse model leads to embryonic lethality, implying the physiological importance of TONSL. Overall, these findings indicate that genetic variants resulting in reduced function of TONSL cause SPONASTRIME dysplasia and highlight the importance of TONSL in embryonic development and postnatal growth.


Assuntos
Fibroblastos/patologia , Genes Letais , Mutação , NF-kappa B/genética , Osteocondrodisplasias/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dano ao DNA , Derme/metabolismo , Derme/patologia , Feminino , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Sequenciamento do Exoma/métodos , Adulto Jovem
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(18)2022 Sep 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36142818

RESUMO

Cancer immunotherapy has fundamentally altered cancer treatment; however, its efficacy is limited to a subset of patients in most clinical settings. The immune system plays a key role in cancer progression from tumor initiation to the metastatic state. Throughout the treatment course, communications between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the immune macroenvironment, as well as interactions between the immune system and cancer cells, are dynamic and constantly evolving. To improve the clinical benefit for patients who do not respond completely to immunotherapy, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy must be elucidated in order to develop effective strategies to overcome resistance. In an attempt to improve and update the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that hinder immunotherapy, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of cancer resistance to immunotherapy and the available treatment strategies.


Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Neoplasias , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário/patologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral
3.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ; 36(1): 954-963, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33947294

RESUMO

Anti-breast cancer action of novel human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) inhibitor BSM-0004 has been investigated using in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. BSM-0004 was found to be a potent and selective hCA IX inhibitor with a Ki value of 96 nM. In vitro anticancer effect of BSM-0004 was analysed against MCF 7 and MDA-MA-231 cells, BSM-0004 exerted an effective cytotoxic effect under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, inducing apoptosis in MCF 7 cells. Additionally, this compound significantly regulates the expression of crucial biomarkers associated with apoptosis. The investigation was extended to confirm the efficacy of this hCA IX inhibitor against in vivo model of breast cancer. The results specified that the treatment of BSM-0004 displayed an effective in vivo anticancer effect, reducing tumour growth in a xenograft cancer model. Hence, our investigation delivers an effective anti-breast cancer agent that engenders the anticancer effect by inhibiting hCA IX.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Anidrase Carbônica IX/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/farmacologia , Animais , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Anidrase Carbônica IX/metabolismo , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/síntese química , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/química , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(21)2021 Oct 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34769090

RESUMO

GLOBOCAN 2020 estimated more than 19.3 million new cases, and about 10 million patients were deceased from cancer in 2020. Clinical manifestations showed that several growth factor receptors consisting of transmembrane and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (TK) domains play a vital role in cancer progression. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are crucial intermediaries of the several cellular pathways and carcinogenesis that directly affect the prognosis and survival of higher tumor grade patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are efficacious drugs for targeted therapy of various cancers. Therefore, RTKs have become a promising therapeutic target to cure cancer. A recent report shows that TKIs are vital mediators of signal transduction and cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of RTKs to explore their prime role in cancer therapy. Various TKIs have been developed to date that contribute a lot to treating several types of cancer. These TKI based anticancer drug molecules are also discussed in detail, incorporating their therapeutic efficacy, mechanism of action, and side effects. Additionally, this article focuses on TKIs which are running in the clinical trial and pre-clinical studies. Further, to gain insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of TKIs, we also reviewed the impact of RTK resistance on TKI clinical drugs along with their mechanistic acquired resistance in different cancer types.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Neoplasias/enzimologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo
5.
Circ Res ; 123(5): e5-e19, 2018 08 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30030219

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Circulating CTRP1 (C1q/TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor-α]-related protein 1) levels are increased in hypertensive patients compared with those in healthy subjects. Nonetheless, little is known about the molecular and physiological function of CTRP1 in blood pressure (BP) regulation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physiological/pathophysiological role of CTRP1 in BP regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: CTRP1 production was increased to maintain normotension under dehydration conditions, and this function was impaired in inducible CTRP1 KO (knockout) mice (CTRP1 ΔCAG). The increase in CTRP1 under dehydration conditions was mediated by glucocorticoids, and the antagonist mifepristone prevented the increase in CTRP1 and attenuated BP recovery. Treatment with a synthetic glucocorticoid increased the transcription, translation, and secretion of CTRP1 from skeletal muscle cells. Functionally, CTRP1 increases BP through the stimulation of the AT1R (Ang II [angiotensin II] receptor 1)-Rho (Ras homolog gene family)/ROCK (Rho kinase)-signaling pathway to induce vasoconstriction. CTRP1 promoted AT1R plasma membrane trafficking through phosphorylation of AKT and AKT substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). In addition, the administration of an AT1R blocker, losartan, recovered the hypertensive phenotype of CTRP1 TG (transgenic) mice. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we provide evidence that CTRP1 contributes to the regulation of BP homeostasis by preventing dehydration-induced hypotension.


Assuntos
Adipocinas/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Desidratação/metabolismo , Hipotensão/metabolismo , Adipocinas/genética , Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/uso terapêutico , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Desidratação/complicações , Desidratação/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipotensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipotensão/etiologia , Hipotensão/fisiopatologia , Losartan/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Vasoconstrição , Quinases Associadas a rho/metabolismo
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(18)2019 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31540110

RESUMO

Bacterial biofilm causes severe antibiotic resistance. An extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is the main component in the bacterial biofilm. Alginate is a key EPS component in the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and responsible for surface adhesion and stabilization of biofilm. Alginate lyase has emerged as an efficient therapeutic strategy targeting to degrade the alginate in the biofilm of P. aeruginosa. However, the application of this enzyme is limited by its poor stability. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were synthesized using low molecular weight chitosan and alginate lyase Aly08 was immobilized on low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles (AL-LMW-CS-NPs). As a result, the immobilization significantly enhanced the thermal stability and reusability of Aly08. In addition, compared with free Aly08, the immobilized AL-LMW-CS-NPs exhibited higher efficiency in inhibiting biofilm formation and interrupting the established mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa, which could reduce its biomass and thickness confirmed by confocal microscopy. Moreover, the biofilm disruption greatly increased the antibiotic sensitivity of P. aeruginosa. This research will contribute to the further development of alginate lyase as an anti-biofilm agent.


Assuntos
Alginatos/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Quitosana/química , Nanopartículas/química , Polissacarídeo-Liases/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Estabilidade Enzimática , Enzimas Imobilizadas/química , Enzimas Imobilizadas/metabolismo , Enzimas Imobilizadas/farmacologia , Matriz Extracelular de Substâncias Poliméricas/química , Peso Molecular , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , Polissacarídeo-Liases/química , Polissacarídeo-Liases/metabolismo , Temperatura
7.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 482(1): 28-34, 2017 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27836539

RESUMO

Infection with pathogens activates the endothelial cell and its sustained activation may result in impaired endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathologic angiogenesis that is characteristic of infection-induced inflammatory pathway activation. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is a protein receptor which recognizes bacterial molecules and stimulates an immune reaction in various cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation-triggered angiogenesis are not fully understood. Here we report that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-mediated miR-125a serves as an important regulator of NOD1 agonist-mediated angiogenesis in endothelial cells by directly targeting NOD1. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with natural PPARγ ligand, 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, led to inhibition of NOD1 expression; contrarily, protein levels of NOD1 were significantly increased by PPARγ knockdown. We report that PPARγ regulation of NOD1 expression is a novel microRNA-mediated regulation in endothelial cells. MiR-125a expression was markedly decreased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells subjected to PPARγ knockdown while 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 treatment increased the level of miR-125a. In addition, NOD1 is closely regulated by miR-125a, which directly targets the 3' untranslated region of NOD1. Moreover, both overexpression of miR-125a and PPARγ activation led to inhibition of NOD1 agonist-induced tube formation in endothelial cells. Finally, NOD1 agonist increased the formation of cranial and subintestinal vessel plexus in zebrafish, and this effect was abrogated by concurrent PPARγ activation. Overall, these findings identify a PPARγ-miR-125a-NOD1 signaling axis in endothelial cells that is critical in the regulation of inflammation-mediated angiogenesis.


Assuntos
Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD1/metabolismo , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Vasculite/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Regulação para Baixo , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Humanos , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Vasculite/patologia , Peixe-Zebra
8.
J Biol Chem ; 289(4): 1993-2001, 2014 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24302720

RESUMO

Mutations in the SO4(2-)/Cl(-)/OH(-) exchanger Slc26a2 cause the disease diastrophic dysplasia (DTD), resulting in aberrant bone development and, therefore, skeletal deformities. DTD is commonly attributed to a lack of chondrocyte SO4(2-) uptake and proteoglycan sulfation. However, the skeletal phenotype of patients with DTD is typified by reduction in cartilage and osteoporosis of the long bones. Chondrocytes of patients with DTD are irregular in size and have a reduced capacity for proliferation and terminal differentiation. This raises the possibility of additional roles for Slc26a2 in chondrocyte function. Here, we examined the roles of Slc26a2 in chondrocyte biology using two distinct systems: mouse progenitor mesenchymal cells differentiated to chondrocytes and freshly isolated mouse articular chondrocytes differentiated into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Slc26a2 expression was manipulated acutely by delivery of Slc26a2 or shSlc26a2 with lentiviral vectors. We demonstrate that slc26a2 is essential for chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation and for proteoglycan synthesis. Slc26a2 also regulates the terminal stage of chondrocyte cell size expansion. These findings reveal multiple roles for Slc26a2 in chondrocyte biology and emphasize the importance of Slc26a2-mediated protein sulfation in cell signaling, which may account for the complex phenotype of DTD.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/genética , Ânions/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Condrócitos/citologia , Nanismo/genética , Nanismo/metabolismo , Humanos , Transporte de Íons/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Camundongos , Proteoglicanas/biossíntese , Proteoglicanas/genética , Transportadores de Sulfato
9.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1841(11): 1608-18, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25152162

RESUMO

It is known that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) expression is increased in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, but the role of PP2A in adipogenesis as well as obesity remains to be addressed. In this study, the role of PP2A in adipogenesis was explored. Preadipocytes were treated with okadaic acid (OA) during adipogenesis and the degree of adipogenesis was determined. The OA treatment blocked adipogenesis at the early time of adipogenesis, but not at the late time. In the early time of adipogenesis, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ß (C/EBPß) activation is preceded by the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors including PPARγ and C/EBPα, which function at the late time of adipogenesis, and then C/EBPß is degraded. However, the inhibition of PP2A by OA treatment sustained phosphorylation of C/EBPß and delayed its degradation. In turn, PPARγ and C/EBPα activation was altered. Among the various regulatory B56 subunits consisting of PP2A holoenzyme, B56δ was directly bound to C/EBPß and was responsible for the dephosphorylation of C/EBPß by PP2A. Taken together, these findings suggest that the phosphorylation of C/EBPß after hormonal induction has to be inactivated by PP2A containing B56δ at the early time of adipogenesis to allow the completion of adipogenesis.

10.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 468(4): 611-6, 2015 Dec 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26546825

RESUMO

N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a member of the NDRG family of differentiation-related genes, has been characterized as a regulator of dendritic cell differentiation from monocytes, CD34(+) progenitor cells, and myelomonocytic leukemic cells. In this study, we show that NDRG2 overexpression inhibits the differentiation of U937 cells into osteoclasts in response to stimulation with a combination of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). U937 cells stably expressing NDRG2 are unable to differentiate into multinucleated osteoclast-like cells and display reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and resorption pit formation. Furthermore, NDRG2 expression significantly suppresses the expression of genes that are crucial for the proliferation, survival, differentiation, and function of osteoclasts, including c-Fos, Atp6v0d2, RANK, and OSCAR. The activation of ERK1/2 and p38 is also inhibited by NDRG2 expression during osteoclastogenesis, and the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by NDRG2 correlates with the down-regulation of the expression of the transcription factor PU.1. Taken together, our results suggest that the expression of NDRG2 potentially inhibits osteoclast differentiation and plays a role in modulating the signal transduction pathway responsible for osteoclastogenesis.


Assuntos
Monócitos/citologia , Monócitos/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/citologia , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Transativadores/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Regulação para Cima/fisiologia
11.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(21): 12171-12183, 2024 May 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38748640

RESUMO

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease closely associated with gut homeostasis dysfunction. The previous studies have shown that stachyose, a functional food additive, has the potential to enhance gut health and alleviate UC symptoms. However, the underlying mechanism of its effects remains unknown. In this study, our findings showed that dietary supplements of stachyose had a significant dose-dependent protective effect on colitis symptoms, regulation of gut microbiota, and restoration of the Treg/Th17 cell balance in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. To further validate these findings, we conducted fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to treat DSS-induced colitis in mice. The results showed that microbiota from stachyose-treated mice exhibited a superior therapeutic effect against colitis and effectively regulated the Treg/Th17 cell balance in comparison to the control group. Moreover, both stachyose supplementation and FMT resulted in an increase in butyrate production and the activation of PPARγ. However, this effect was partially attenuated by PPARγ antagonist GW9662. These results suggested that stachyose alleviates UC symptoms by modulating gut microbiota and activating PPARγ. In conclusion, our work offers new insights into the benefical effects of stachyose on UC and its potential role in modulating gut microbiota.


Assuntos
Butiratos , Colite Ulcerativa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , PPAR gama , Transdução de Sinais , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Células Th17 , Animais , Camundongos , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Colite Ulcerativa/terapia , Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfato de Dextrana/efeitos adversos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , PPAR gama/efeitos dos fármacos , PPAR gama/genética , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Células Th17/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th17/imunologia
12.
J Cell Sci ; 124(Pt 11): 1911-24, 2011 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21558421

RESUMO

Degradation of Myc protein is mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, including SCF(Fbw7) and SCF(Skp2), but much remains unknown about the mechanism of S-phase kinase-associated protein (Skp2)-mediated Myc degradation. In the present study, we show that upregulated Myc protein, which triggers the G1-S phase progression in response to growth-stimulatory signals, induces reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1) expression. Romo1 subsequently triggers Skp2-mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of Myc by a mechanism not previously reported in normal lung fibroblasts. We also show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from steady-state Romo1 expression are necessary for cell cycle entry of quiescent cells. From this study, we suggest that the generation of ROS mediated by pre-existing Romo1 protein is required for Myc induction. Meanwhile, Romo1 expression induced by Myc during G1 phase stimulates Skp2-mediated Myc degradation in a negative-feedback mechanism.


Assuntos
Retroalimentação Fisiológica , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Meios de Cultura Livres de Soro/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo , Fase G1 , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Transporte Proteico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Interferência de RNA , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Associadas a Fase S/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica , Ubiquitinação
13.
J Immunother Cancer ; 11(1)2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36627143

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a master regulator of melanogenesis and is mainly expressed in melanoma cells. MITF has also been reported to be expressed in non-pigmented cells, such as osteoclasts, mast cells, and B cells. However, the roles of MITF in immunosuppressive myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of MITF in the differentiation process of MDSCs during tumor development. METHODS: In vitro-generated murine MDSCs and primary MDSCs from breast cancer-bearing mice or lung carcinoma-bearing mice were used to determine the expression level of MITF and the activity of MDSCs. Additionally, we investigated whether in vivo tumor growth can be differentially regulated by coinjection of MDSCs in which MITF expression is modulated by small molecules. Furthermore, the number of MITF+ monocytic (MO)-MDSCs was examined in human tumor tissues or tumor-free lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: The expression of MITF was strongly increased in MO-MDSCs from tumors of breast cancer-bearing mice compared with polymorphonuclear MDSCs. We found that MITF expression in MDSCs was markedly induced in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and related to the functional activity of MDSCs. MITF overexpression in myeloid cells increased the expression of MDSC activity markers and effectively inhibited T-cell proliferation compared with those of control MDSCs, whereas shRNA-mediated knockdown of MITF in myeloid cells altered the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. Modulation of MITF expression by small molecules affected the differentiation and immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. While increased MITF expression in MDSCs promoted breast cancer progression and CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell dysfunction, decreased MITF expression in MDSCs suppressed tumor progression and enhanced T-cell activation. Furthermore, IHC staining of human tumor tissues revealed that MITF+ MO-MDSCs are more frequently observed in tumor tissues than in tumor-free draining lymph nodes obtained from patients with cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that MITF regulates the differentiation and function of MDSCs and can be a novel therapeutic target for modulating MDSC activity in immunosuppressive s.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Fator de Transcrição Associado à Microftalmia , Células Supressoras Mieloides , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Diferenciação Celular , Fator de Transcrição Associado à Microftalmia/genética , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral
14.
Molecules ; 17(5): 5945-51, 2012 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22609785

RESUMO

Paulownia coreana has traditionally been used as the medicine and health food in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. In the present study, a new antiproliferation agent, isoatriplicolide tiglate (PCAC) was isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of the leaves of Paulownia coreana. The antiproliferation activities of PCAC plant extract was examined in breast and cervical cancer cell lines in a time-and dose-dependent manners. Our in vitro experiments showed that PCAC suppresses the cell growth and proliferation of cancer cells at a relatively low concentration (< 10 µg/mL) and induces apoptosis at a high concentration (> 50 µg/mL). Western blot analysis showed that concentration higher than 50 µg/mL induces a time-dependent increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. In this case, PCAC uses both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways for the apoptosis. PCAC treatment decreased the expression of pro-caspase 8, 9, and 3, the main regulators of apoptotic cell death, in MDA-MB-231 cells, accompanied by the activation of caspase 8, 9, and 3. More importantly, PCAC inhibited the in vitro proliferation of six other human breast and cervical cancer cell lines. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that PCAC acts as an antiproliferation agents particularly against breast and cervical cancers by inducing cell cycle arrest in the S/G2 phase and caspase dependent apoptosis at relatively low (< 10 µg/mL) and high (> 50 µg/mL) concentrations, respectively.


Assuntos
Gleiquênias/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Sesquiterpenos/química
15.
Drug Deliv ; 29(1): 1142-1149, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35384787

RESUMO

Oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) have various advantages of simple operation and few side effects. ODDSs are highly desirable for colon-targeted therapy (e.g. ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer), as they improve therapeutic efficiency and reduce systemic toxicity. Chitosan/alginate nanoparticles (CANPs) show strong electrostatic interaction between the carboxyl group of alginates and the amino group of chitosan which leads to shrinkage and gel formation at low pH, thereby protecting the drugs from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and aggressive gastric environment. Meanwhile, CANPs as biocompatible polymer, show intestinal mucosal adhesion, which could extend the retention time of drugs on inflammatory sites. Recently, CANPs have attracted increasing interest as colon-targeted oral drug delivery system for intestinal diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application and treatment of CANPs in intestinal diseases and insulin delivery. And then provide a future perspective of the potential and development direction of CANPs as colon-targeted ODDSs.


Assuntos
Quitosana , Colite Ulcerativa , Nanopartículas , Administração Oral , Alginatos , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Portadores de Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Preparações Farmacêuticas
16.
Biomedicines ; 10(5)2022 May 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35625886

RESUMO

Acquired chemoresistance of tumor cells is an unwanted consequence of cancer treatment. Overcoming chemoresistance is particularly important for efficiently improving cancer therapies. Here, using multiple lines of evidence, we report the suppressive role of SERTAD1 in apoptosis/anoikis. Among various breast cancer cell lines, higher SERTAD1 expression was found in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 in suspension than in adherent cell culture. We revealed an unexpected phenomenon that different types of cell deaths were induced in response to different doses of doxorubicin (Dox) in breast cancer cells, presumably via lysosomal membrane permeabilization. A low dose of Dox highly activated autophagy, while a high dose of the chemotherapy induced apoptosis. Inhibition of SERTAD1 promoted the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Dox and paclitaxel, leading to a significant reduction in tumor volumes of xenograft mice. Simultaneously targeting cancer cells with Dox and autophagy inhibition successfully induced higher apoptosis/anoikis. The novel role of SERTAD1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis has also been suggested in which lysosomal contents, including LAMP1, LAMP2, CTSB, and CTSD, were reduced in SERTAD1-deficient cells.

17.
Int J Biol Sci ; 18(9): 3859-3873, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35813469

RESUMO

Chemotherapy has been widely used as a clinical treatment for cancer over the years. However, its effectiveness is limited because of resistance of cancer cells to programmed cell death (PCD) after treatment with anticancer drugs. To elucidate the resistance mechanism, we initially focused on cancer cell-specific mitophagy, an autophagic degradation of damaged mitochondria. This is because mitophagy has been reported to provide cancer cells with high resistance to anticancer drugs. Our data showed that TRIP-Br1 oncoprotein level was greatly increased in the mitochondria of breast cancer cells after treatment with various anticancer drugs including staurosporine (STS), the main focus of this study. STS treatment increased cellular ROS generation in cancer cells, which triggered mitochondrial translocation of TRIP-Br1 from the cytosol via dephosphorylation of TRIP-Br1 by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Up-regulated mitochondrial TRIP-Br1 suppressed cellular ROS levels. In addition, TRIP-Br1 rapidly removed STS-mediated damaged mitochondria by activating mitophagy. It eventually suppressed STS-mediated PCD via degradation of VDACI, TOMM20, and TIMM23 mitochondrial membrane proteins. TRIP-Br1 enhanced mitophagy by increasing expression levels of two crucial lysosomal proteases, cathepsins B and D. In conclusion, TRIP-Br1 can suppress the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to anticancer drugs by activating autophagy/mitophagy, eventually promoting cancer cell survival.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Mama , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose , Autofagia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Mitofagia , Proteínas Oncogênicas/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo
18.
Front Microbiol ; 13: 818714, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35602011

RESUMO

Mycolic acids are the key constituents of mycobacterial cell wall, which protect the bacteria from antibiotic susceptibility, helping to subvert and escape from the host immune system. Thus, the enzymes involved in regulating and biosynthesis of mycolic acids can be explored as potential drug targets to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Herein, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes is used to understand the fatty acid metabolism signaling pathway and integrative computational approach to identify the novel lead molecules against the mtFabH (ß-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III), the key regulatory enzyme of the mycolic acid pathway. The structure-based virtual screening of antimycobacterial compounds from ChEMBL library against mtFabH results in the selection of 10 lead molecules. Molecular binding and drug-likeness properties of lead molecules compared with mtFabH inhibitor suggest that only two compounds, ChEMBL414848 (C1) and ChEMBL363794 (C2), may be explored as potential lead molecules. However, the spatial stability and binding free energy estimation of thiolactomycin (TLM) and compounds C1 and C2 with mtFabH using molecular dynamics simulation, followed by molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) indicate the better activity of C2 (ΔG = -14.18 kcal/mol) as compared with TLM (ΔG = -9.21 kcal/mol) and C1 (ΔG = -13.50 kcal/mol). Thus, compound C1 may be explored as promising drug candidate for the structure-based drug designing of mtFabH inhibitors in the therapy of Mtb.

19.
J Hematol Oncol ; 15(1): 82, 2022 06 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35710446

RESUMO

Much higher risk of cancer has been found in diabetes patients. Insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) have been extensively studied in both breast cancer and diabetes therapies. Interestingly, a recent study proposed that IR/IGF1R ratio is an important factor for breast cancer prognosis. Women with higher IR/IGF1R ratio showed poor breast cancer prognosis as well as hyperinsulinemia. Here, we propose a novel mechanism that oncogenic protein TRIP-Br1 renders breast cancer cells and insulin deficient mice to have higher IR/IGF1R ratio by positively and negatively regulating IR and IGF1R expression at the protein level, respectively. TRIP-Br1 repressed IR degradation by suppressing its ubiquitination. Meanwhile, TRIP-Br1 directly interacts with both IGF1R and NEDD4-1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, in which TRIP-Br1/NEDD4-1 degrades IGF1R via ubiquitin/proteasome system. TRIP-Br1-mediated higher IR/IGF1R ratio enhanced the proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells. In conclusion, current study may provide an important information in the regulatory mechanism of how breast cancer cells have acquired higher IR/IGF1R ratio.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Camundongos , Prognóstico , Receptor IGF Tipo 1 , Receptor de Insulina , Ubiquitina
20.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids ; 29: 803-822, 2022 Sep 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36159587

RESUMO

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been suggested to be responsible for chemoresistance and tumor recurrence owing to their self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Although WEE1 is a strong candidate target for anticancer therapies, its role in ovarian CSCs is yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that WEE1 plays a key role in regulating CSC properties and tumor resistance to carboplatin via a microRNA-dependent mechanism. We found that WEE1 expression is upregulated in ovarian cancer spheroids because of the decreased expression of miR-424 and miR-503, which directly target WEE1. The overexpression of miR-424/503 suppressed CSC activity by inhibiting WEE1 expression, but this effect was reversed on the restoration of WEE1 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NANOG modulates the miR-424/503-WEE1 axis that regulates the properties of CSCs. We also demonstrated the pharmacological restoration of the NANOG-miR-424/503-WEE1 axis and attenuation of ovarian CSC characteristics in response to atorvastatin treatment. Lastly, miR-424/503-mediated WEE1 inhibition re-sensitized chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin. Additionally, combined treatment with atorvastatin and carboplatin synergistically reduced tumor growth, chemoresistance, and peritoneal seeding in the intraperitoneal mouse models of ovarian cancer. We identified a novel NANOG-miR-424/503-WEE1 pathway for regulating ovarian CSCs, which has potential therapeutic utility in ovarian cancer treatment.

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