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1.
Plant J ; 105(3): 831-840, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33124734

RESUMO

The lengthy process to generate transformed plants is a limitation in current research on the interactions of the model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae with plant hosts. Here we present an easy method called agromonas, where we quantify P. syringae growth in agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana using a cocktail of antibiotics to select P. syringae on plates. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that transient expression of PAMP receptors reduces bacterial growth, and that transient depletion of a host immune gene and transient expression of a type-III effector increase P. syringae growth in agromonas assays. We show that we can rapidly achieve structure-function analysis of immune components and test the function of immune hydrolases. The agromonas method is easy, fast and robust for routine disease assays with various Pseudomonas strains without transforming plants or bacteria. The agromonas assay offers a reliable approach for further comprehensive analysis of plant immunity.


Assuntos
Nicotiana/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Imunidade Vegetal/genética , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Pseudomonas syringae/patogenicidade , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/imunologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Pseudomonas syringae/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas syringae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão/genética , Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão/imunologia
2.
Public Relat Rev ; 48(2): 102180, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35368969

RESUMO

Acknowledging the unique challenges of the socially stigmatized industry and the substantial but varying impact of COVID-19 on business, this study examined how corporate social responsibility (CSR) fit influences public attitudinal and behavioral responses. This study found that low (high) CSR fit generated a higher level of public-serving motive (firm-serving motive) than high (low) fit CSR. The fit effect on public-serving motives was changed by the valence of the COVID-19 impact (negative vs. positive) on the financial performance. This study also found that the fit affects attitudinal and behavioral intentions (word of mouth) mediated via public-serving motives, moderated by the valence of the pandemic impact. The findings hold implications for the stigmatized industry companies' CSR initiatives in the context of the unexpected crisis, like the pandemic.

3.
J Craniofac Surg ; 32(8): 2840-2844, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34172678

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Asian women who undergo facelift surgery, satisfying results are achieved for facial rhytides, but there have been complaints concerning malar prominence and mandible angle region postoperatively. Anatomically, compared with the Caucasians, the Asians have a thick skin and a wide and short facial geometry. The Asians generally have a protruded zygoma and prominent mandible angles; accordingly, their bony contouring surgery that is the base frame in facelift must be considered. The authors aimed to investigate the effects of performing facial contouring surgery and facelift simultaneously to achieve oval facial contour and youthful face. METHODS: The authors assessed 21 Asian women who simultaneously underwent facial contouring surgery with facelift between March 2014 and March 2018. The clinical results were assessed based on preoperative and postoperative photographs and the global aesthetic improvement scale score. RESULTS: Surgery was successful in all patients. Postoperatively, improvements in facial rhytides and appropriate facial contour were achieved. All patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Some patients experienced short-term complication; however, these complications improved. Serious long-term complications were not noted. CONCLUSIONS: Highly satisfying outcomes can be achieved with combined facial contouring surgery and facelift for Asian women with a wide face.


Assuntos
Ritidoplastia , Envelhecimento da Pele , Estética Dentária , Face/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Zigoma/cirurgia
4.
Parasitol Res ; 118(12): 3509-3517, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31624910

RESUMO

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are protozoan parasites that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Molecular data on Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in calves in the Republic of Korea (ROK) is limited; thus, we investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre-weaned calves, analyzed the association between these parasites and diarrhea, and identified their zoonotic potential for human infection. Fecal samples were collected from 315 pre-weaned calves aged 1-60 days from 10 different regions in the ROK and screened for Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis using PCR. Overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis was 4.4% (n = 14) and 12.7% (n = 40), respectively. Co-infection was not detected. All Cryptosporidium-positive samples were identified as C. parvum after sequence analysis of a small subunit rRNA fragment and further subtyped into zoonotic IIaA15G2R1 (n = 13) and IIaA18G3R1 (n = 1) by DNA sequencing of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. parvum IIaA15G2R1 subtype in calves in the ROK. Based on ß-giardin (bg) gene, G. duodenalis-positive samples belonged to assemblages E (n = 36) and A (n = 4), with the latter belonging to subtype A1, the zoonotic genotype. Six subtypes of assemblage E were identified at the bg locus: E1 (n = 6), E2 (n = 3), E3 (n = 13), E5 (n = 1), E8 (n = 1), and E11 (n = 1). The occurrence of C. parvum and G. duodenalis was not associated with diarrhea in pre-weaned Korean native calves. The present results suggest that the prevalence of C. parvum is not related to calf age; in contrast, the prevalence of G. duodenalis was significantly higher in 41-50-day-old calves (odds ratio = 9.90, 95% confidence interval 2.37-41.34; P = 0.001) than in 1-10-day-old calves. Therefore, calves are a potential source of zoonotic transmission, which may have significant public health implications.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Cryptosporidium/genética , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Giardia/genética , Giardíase/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/fisiopatologia , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/fisiopatologia , Cryptosporidium/classificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Giardia/classificação , Giardia/isolamento & purificação , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/parasitologia , Giardíase/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Desmame
5.
Parasitol Res ; 117(6): 1969-1973, 2018 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29654361

RESUMO

Giardia duodenalis is an important zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects humans and other animals. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of G. duodenalis infection in the feces of normal and diarrheic pre-weaned calves aged 1-60 days. Fecal samples were collected from 90 Korean native calves in 7 different regions in the central region of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Of the 90 fecal samples, 9 (10%, 9/90) were positive for G. duodenalis by PCR using the ß-giardin gene. Phylogenetic analysis identified G. duodenalis assemblages A and E in the farms examined and G. duodenalis with both assemblage A and E was detected in one farm. Assemblage A was detected in calves with normal feces, while assemblage E was frequently identified in calves with diarrhea. This is the first report of the identification of assemblage A in pre-weaned calves with normal feces in the ROK. These results suggest that G. duodenalis infection is closely associated with calf age and management systems including overcrowding, age-mixed grouping, and hygiene. Thus, giardiasis in calves is an important disease because of its zoonotic significance and should be screened in young animals. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the transmission routes of zoonotic G. duodenalis assemblages.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Giardia lamblia/isolamento & purificação , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Giardia lamblia/genética , Giardíase/parasitologia , Humanos , Masculino , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Desmame
6.
Restor Dent Endod ; 49(2): e20, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38841379

RESUMO

Objectives: This study investigated the nanoleakage of root canal obturations using calcium silicate-based sealer according to different drying methods. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two extracted mandibular premolars with a single root canal and straight root were selected for this study. After canal preparation with a nickel-titanium rotary file system, the specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to canal drying methods (1: complete drying, 2: blot drying/distilled water, 3: blot drying/NaOCl, 4: aspiration only). The root canals were obturated using a single-cone filling technique with a calcium silicate-based sealer. Nanoleakage was evaluated using a nanoflow device after 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month. Data were collected twice per second at the nanoscale and measured in nanoliters per second. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p < 0.05). Results: The mean flow rate measured after 24 hours showed the highest value among the time periods in all groups. However, the difference in the flow rate between 1 week and 1 month was not significant. The mean flow rate of the complete drying group was the highest at all time points. After 1 month, the mean flow rate in the blot drying group and the aspiration group was not significantly different. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the canal drying method had a significant effect on leakage and sealing ability in root canal obturations using a calcium silicate-based sealer. Thus, a proper drying procedure is critical in endodontic treatment.

7.
J Clin Med ; 12(7)2023 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37048723

RESUMO

Square-shaped and large moon-shaped faces are commonly observed in Asians, and the contour of the mandible is associated with the shape of the lower part of the face. Mandible contouring surgery is performed to create a softer impression for East Asians. Currently, most surgeries are performed using an intraoral approach. External approaches have not been cosmetically attempted because of possible damage to the facial nerve and visible scarring and have been limited to mandible bone fracture reduction. This study included 42 patients who underwent mandibular angle reduction via classical intraoral incision and retroauricular incision between April 2019 and October 2021. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and Visual Analog Scale. Surgery was successful in all cases, with no significant complications. An appropriate mandibular contour was achieved postoperatively. All patients were satisfied with the outcome. Some patients experienced short-term complications, such as hematoma and wound disruption of the skin above the incision line. However, these improved within 3 weeks, and no serious long-term complications were observed. Mandible angle resection with the retroauricular approach is a promising alternative for patients, allowing speedy recovery and the resumption of routine daily life.

8.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 22(2): 1086-90, 2012 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22197391

RESUMO

The prednisolone C-21 heteroaryl thioethers have been synthesized and evaluated in cell based transrepression and transactivation assays. Most of the compounds demonstrated weak transactivational activity in both human and rat tyrosineaminotransferase functional assay while keeping potent anti-inflammatory activity. The benzimidazole thioether 7 exhibited comparable anti-inflammatory activity and improved safety profile compared to the classical oral steroid prednisolone.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/agonistas , Sulfetos/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Conformação Molecular , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos BN , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfetos/administração & dosagem , Sulfetos/química , Tirosina Transaminase/metabolismo
9.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 22(9): 3291-5, 2012 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22465636

RESUMO

The introduction of A ring pyrazole modification to the hydrocortisone C-21 heteroaryl thioethers generated compounds with excellent transrepression potency (IL-8 inhibition) compared to their hydrocortisone analogs. However, the transcriptional transactivation activity of these compounds were considerably higher than the corresponding hydrocortisone analogs. Among all the compounds evaluated, a quinoxaline thioether modification demonstrated the best overall in vitro separation.


Assuntos
Receptores de Glucocorticoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Esteroides/química , Sulfetos/química , Humanos , Hidrocortisona , Pirazóis/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfetos/farmacologia , Ativação Transcricional/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
J Am Coll Health ; 70(8): 2318-2326, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33522463

RESUMO

ObjectivesThis study investigates whether recreational marijuana legislation and perceived social norms (descriptive and injunctive) affect college students' propensity to share pro-marijuana messages. We examine which referent group (close friends, typical student, parents) most influence those norms. Participants: A sample of 343 college students participated in the study. Of these students, 214 were from Washington State, where recreational marijuana is legal, and 129 were from Wyoming, where recreational marijuana is illegal. Method: Data, from an online survey, were analyzed through PROCESS analyses. Results: College students in Washington State who believed a typical peer would want them to share pro-marijuana messaging were marginally more likely to share pro-marijuana messages than their counterparts in Wyoming. However, among students who thought a typical peer would not approve of them sharing pro-marijuana messaging, the opposite pattern emerged. Conclusion: Restrictive recreational marijuana legislation does not uniformly abate related message sharing on social media.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Mídias Sociais , Humanos , Estudantes , Universidades , Grupo Associado , Normas Sociais
11.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 6003, 2022 10 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36224193

RESUMO

Smut fungi comprise one of the largest groups of fungal plant pathogens causing disease in all cereal crops. They directly penetrate host tissues and establish a biotrophic interaction. To do so, smut fungi secrete a wide range of effector proteins, which suppress plant immunity and modulate cellular functions as well as development of the host, thereby determining the pathogen's lifestyle and virulence potential. The conserved effector Erc1 (enzyme required for cell-to-cell extension) contributes to virulence of the corn smut Ustilago maydis in maize leaves but not on the tassel. Erc1 binds to host cell wall components and displays 1,3-ß-glucanase activity, which is required to attenuate ß-glucan-induced defense responses. Here we show that Erc1 has a cell type-specific virulence function, being necessary for fungal cell-to-cell extension in the plant bundle sheath and this function is fully conserved in the Erc1 orthologue of the barley pathogen Ustilago hordei.


Assuntos
Ustilago , beta-Glucanas , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Glucana 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Ustilago/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismo , beta-Glucanas/metabolismo
12.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 20(7): 2359-64, 2010 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20188550

RESUMO

Structural features of the substituted 4-piperidinyl urea analogs 1, responsible for the H3 antagonist activity, have been identified. Structure-activity relationship of the H3 receptor affinity, hERG ion channel inhibitory activity and their separation is described. Preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation of the compounds of the series is addressed.


Assuntos
Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/antagonistas & inibidores , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Ureia/farmacologia , Animais , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/metabolismo , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/química , Ureia/farmacocinética
13.
Integr Med Res ; 4(2): 57-65, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28664111

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To date, much research has been conducted to measure needle manipulation quantitatively and objectively. This study was performed to quantitatively measure the differences in the amount of stimulation caused by various rotation frequencies and angles in twisting-rotating acupuncture needle manipulation. METHODS: The torque Z force exerted on a tissue was measured at various rotation frequencies and angles by rotating a needle with a needle force measurement system attached to a needle insertion tissue model. RESULTS: The results show that with rotation frequency at 60°, the torque Z force increased significantly from 0.023 N mm to 0.118 N mm as the rotation angle increased (p < 0.05). In addition, the torque Z force was significantly increased from 0.082 N mm to 0.292 N mm when the rotation angle increased from 60° to 180° at 0.15 Hz. (p < 0.05). A strong linear positive relationship between the torque Z force and rotation angle or frequency was obtained [Pearson correlation coefficient (r) > 0.88; p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: The change in needle-tissue interaction force by rotating angles showed a tendency to be higher than those by rotation frequency. Further quantitative research on various manipulations will be required for a standardized education on manipulation and stimulation as well as on needle model development to become possible.

14.
Psychiatry Res ; 204(2-3): 82-90, 2012 Nov 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23217576

RESUMO

The anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), which interconnects with the frontal cortex and thalamus, is volumetrically altered in schizophrenia patients. However, it is unclear whether an abnormal ALIC volume is apparent prior to the onset of schizophrenia and whether this aberrant ALIC volume is related to the frontal gray matter in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. We used magnetic resonance imaging of 43 UHR subjects, 36 schizophrenia patients, and 42 healthy controls to investigate manually traced ALIC volumes. Additionally, we evaluated the correlation between the ALIC volume and the frontal gray matter. Significantly reduced ALIC volumes were observed in the UHR and schizophrenia groups compared to the healthy controls. However, the volume of the frontal gray matter was decreased only in the schizophrenia group. A positive correlation between the volumes in the ALIC and frontal gray matter found in healthy controls was maintained only in UHR subjects. In addition, a negative correlation between the total scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the ALIC volumes was observed only in schizophrenia patients. An aberrant ALIC volume but its maintained correlation with the interconnecting frontal lobe was present prior to the onset of full psychosis, indicating the prodromal phase of psychosis.


Assuntos
Lobo Frontal/patologia , Cápsula Interna/patologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Risco , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Adulto Jovem
15.
J Am Chem Soc ; 124(20): 5626-7, 2002 May 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12010021

RESUMO

Dicubyl disulfide (1) has been prepared in six steps from commercially available dimethyl-1,4-cubanedicarboxylate in 47% overall yield. In the final step, the previously unknown cubanethiol 2 was oxidized to disulfide 1. X-ray crystallography for 1 reveals the shortest tetragonal C-S bond on record (1.771 A). In contrast to previous generalizations, density functional theory calculations predict a low S-S rotation barrier similar to that for t-BuSSBu-t. Low-temperature (13)C NMR (600 MHz) confirms the prediction.

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