RESUMO
Climate change is driving movements of many plants beyond, as well as within, their current distributional ranges. Even migrant plants moving within their current range may experience different plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) because of divergent nonlocal biotic soil conditions. Yet, our understanding to what extent soil biotic conditions can affect the performance of within-range migrant plants is still very limited. We assessed the emergence and growth of migrant forest herbs (Milium effusum and Stachys sylvatica) using soils and seeds collected along a 1,700 km latitudinal gradient across Europe. Soil biota were manipulated through four soil treatments, i.e. unsterilized control soil (PSFUS ), sterilized soil (PSFS ), sterilized soil inoculated with unsterilized home soil (PSFS+HI ) and sterilized soil inoculated with unsterilized foreign soil (PSFS+FI , expected to occur when both plants and soil biota track climate change). Compared to PSFS , PSFUS had negative effects on the growth but not emergence of both species, while PSFS+FI only affected S. sylvatica across all seed provenances. When considering seed origin, seedling emergence and growth responses to nonlocal soils depended on soil biotic conditions. Specifically, the home-away distance effect on seedling emergence differed between the four treatments, and significant responses to chemistry either disappeared (M. effusum) or changed (S. sylvatica) from PSFUS to PSFS . Soil biota emerge as an important driver of the estimated plant migration success. Our results of the effects of soil microorganisms on plant establishment provide relevant information for predictions of the distribution and dynamics of plant species in a changing climate.
Assuntos
Florestas , Poaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solo , Stachys/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ecossistema , Retroalimentação Fisiológica , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
The high mobility group protein gene HMGIC has been found to be rearranged in a variety of human benign solid tumors. Often, these rearrangements lead to fusion genes of which that between HMGIC and LPP underlying t(3;12)(q27 approximately q28;q14 approximately q15) is by far the most common. Herein, we analysed a lipoma with a t(3;12)(q27 approximately q28;q14 approximately q15). RT-PCR revealed the presence of a HMGIC-LPP fusion transcript composed of exons 1-3 of HMGIC and exons 9-11 of LPP, but the absence of the reverse LPP-HMGIC fusion transcript. Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments using different probes derived from the HMGIC gene and its 3' vicinity showed the absence of FISH signals on the derivative chromosome 3. Thus, in the present tumor the t(3;12)(q27 approximately q28;q14 approximately q15) was accompanied by a large genomic deletion. Roughly, it can be estimated that at least 170 kb of chromosome 12 material were deleted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the "simple" t(3;12)(q27 approximately q28;q14 approximately q15) results in a large deletion of DNA.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 12/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 3/genética , Proteínas de Grupo de Alta Mobilidade/genética , Lipoma/genética , Translocação Genética/genética , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Proteína HMGA2 , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Proteínas com Domínio LIM , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Deleção de Sequência , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The lipoma preferred partner (LPP) gene is fused to the high mobility group protein gene HMGIC in lipomas and pulmonary chondroid hamartomas. In addition, a fusion of LPP to the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene has been described in a case of acute myeloid leukemia. Herein, a novel LPP fusion transcript of LPP in a lipoma is described that points to the possible oncogenic potential of LPP.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Hamartoma/genética , Proteínas de Grupo de Alta Mobilidade/genética , Lipoma/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas com Domínio LIM , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica , Sítios de Splice de RNA/genéticaRESUMO
The high frequency of the t(3;12)(q27-28;q14-15) in lipomas and pulmonary chondroid hamartomas (PCHs) makes the HMGIC-LPP fusion gene the most common fusion gene in a human tumor known so far. Nevertheless, there is no in-depth molecular analysis of the HMGIC-LPP fusion transcripts in PCHs. Certainly, a possible molecular variability of the HMGIC-LPP fusion may contribute to a better understanding of the histologic differences between lipomas and PCHs and the intratumoral histologic heterogeneity of PCHs. By RT-PCR and restriction analysis, we have investigated the HMGIC-LPP fusion transcripts in a series of 13 PCHs with t(3;12)(q27-28;q14-q15). HMGIC-LPP fusion transcripts of identical size were found in all PCHs tested. In all tumors investigated, the fusion transcripts had the same structure, i.e., exons 1 to 3 of HMGIC and exons 9 to 11 of LPP encoding a protein composed of three AT-hooks and two LIM-domains. Our results clearly show that neither the histologic differences between lipomas and PCHs nor the histologic heterogeneity of PCHs can be explained by a molecular diversity of the HMGIC-LPP fusion transcript.