Different Effects of Soil Fertilization on Bacterial Community Composition in the Penicillium canescens Hyphosphere and in Bulk Soil.

This study investigated the effects of long-term soil fertilization on the composition and potential for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) cycling of bacterial communities associated with hyphae of the P-solubilizing fungus Penicillium canescens Using a baiting approach, hyphosphere bacterial communities were recovered from three soils that had received long-term amendment in the field with mineral or mineral plus organic fertilizers. P. canescens hyphae recruited bacterial communities with a decreased diversity and an increased abundance of Proteobacteria relative to what was observed in soil communities. As core bacterial taxa, Delftia and Pseudomonas spp. were present in all hyphosphere samples irrespective of soil fertilization. However, the type of fertilization showed significant impacts on the diversity, composition, and distinctive taxa/operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of hyphosphere communities. The soil factors P (Olsen method), exchangeable Mg, exchangeable K, and pH were important for shaping soil and hyphosphere bacterial community compositions. An increased relative abundance of organic P metabolism genes was found in hyphosphere communities from soil that had not received P fertilizers, which could indicate P limitation near the fungal hyphae. Additionally, P. canescens hyphae recruited bacterial communities with a higher abundance of N fixation genes than found in soil communities, which might imply a role of hyphosphere communities for fungal N nutrition. Furthermore, the relative abundances of denitrification genes were greater in several hyphosphere communities, indicating an at least partly anoxic microenvironment with a high carbon-to-N ratio around the hyphae. In conclusion, soil fertilization legacy shapes P. canescens hyphosphere microbiomes and their functional potential related to P and N cycling.IMPORTANCE P-solubilizing Penicillium strains are introduced as biofertilizers to agricultural soils to improve plant P nutrition. Currently, little is known about the ecology of these biofertilizers, including their interactions with other soil microorganisms. This study shows that communities dominated by Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria colonize P. canescens hyphae in soil and that the compositions of these communities depend on the soil conditions. The potential of these communities for N and organic P cycling is generally higher than that of soil communities. The high potential for organic P metabolism might complement the ability of the fungus to solubilize inorganic P, and it points to the hyphosphere as a hot spot for P metabolism. Furthermore, the high potential for N fixation could indicate that P. canescens recruits bacteria that are able to improve its N nutrition. Hence, this community study identifies functional groups relevant for the future optimization of next-generation biofertilizer consortia for applications in soil.

Masculinities under construction, bodies under (re)construction: trans men's desires, contradictions, and ambiguities in the transexualizing process. / Masculinidades em construção, corpos em (re)construção: desejos, contradições e ambiguidades de homens trans no processo transexualizador.

This paper presents the research results on the strategies, expectations, and desires of 28 transsexual men in building their masculinities and reconstructing their bodies through cross-hormonization. The qualitative research was carried out in an outpatient clinic of the transsexualization process in a city in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. We employed semi-structured interviews and participant observation from November 2019 to January 2020 to collect data. Content analysis guided the analysis of the statements from which the discussed categories emerged. The categories were discussed in the light of the concepts of gender, transsexuality, and masculinity, besides references from studies on ethnicity/skin color in their articulations with health. The data revealed desires, contradictions, and ambiguities regarding the construction of masculinity and the (re)construction of bodies more suited to it. They also evidenced the desire for the male bodily standard achieved through hormonization and surgeries, and black skin color emerged as a critical inequality mark. We concluded that, while refuting many male model features, these men want to enter this world and blend in with the crowd as men, thus experiencing fuller masculinity.

O artigo traz os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as estratégias, expectativas e desejos de 28 homens transexuais na construção das suas masculinidades e reconstrução de seus corpos por meio da hormonização cruzada. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada em um ambulatório do processo transexualizador de um município da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Para a construção dos dados, foram utilizadas a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação participante, empreendidas entre os meses de novembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. A análise de conteúdo orientou a análise das falas, das quais emergiram as categorias que foram discutidas à luz dos conceitos de gênero, transexualidade e masculinidades, além de referências de estudos sobre raça/cor em suas articulações com a saúde. Os dados revelaram desejos, contradições e ambiguidades no que diz respeito à construção da masculinidade e à (re)construção de corpos mais adequados a ela; evidenciaram o desejo pelo padrão corporal de masculinidade que seria conquistado por meio da hormonização e de cirurgias, e a cor negra surgiu como uma importante marca de desigualdade. Concluímos que, mesmo refutando muitos traços do modelo de masculinidade, esses homens desejam adentrar esse mundo e confundir-se na multidão como homens, vivenciando a masculinidade mais plena.

The influence of strength, flexibility, and simultaneous training on flexibility and strength gains.

The purpose of this study was to examine the strength and flexibility gains after isolated or simultaneous strength and flexibility training after 16 weeks. Eighty sedentary women were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: strength training (ST; n = 20), flexibility training (FLEX) (n = 20), combination of both (ST + FLEX; n = 20) and control group (CG; n = 20). All the groups performed pre and posttraining sit and reach test to verify the flexibility level and 10RM test for leg press and bench press exercises. The training protocol for all groups, except for the CG, included 3 weekly sessions, in alternated days, totaling 48 sessions. Strength training was composed of 8 exercises for upper and lower body, executed in 3 sets of periodized training. The flexibility training was composed of static stretching exercises that involved upper and lower body. Results showed that ST (30 ± 2.0 to 36 ± 3.0 cm), ST + FLEX (31 ± 1.0 to 42 ± 4.0 cm), and FLEX (32 ± 3.0 to 43 ± 2.0 cm) significantly increased in flexibility in relation to baseline and to CG (30 ± 2.0 to 30 ± 2.0 cm); however, no significant differences were observed between the treatment conditions. Strength tests demonstrated that ST and ST + FLEX significantly increased 10RM when compared to baseline, FLEX, and the CG. In conclusion, short-term strength training increases flexibility and strength in sedentary adult women. Strength training may contribute to the development and maintenance of flexibility even without the inclusion of additional stretching, but strength and flexibility can be prescribed together to get optimal improvements in flexibility.

Complete Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus sp. Strain 37, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann Fir).

We report the complete genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. strain 37, a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) isolated from the rhizosphere of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach; it contains a single chromosome of 7.08 Mbp and one plasmid of 54.33 kbp, including 6,445 protein-coding genes, 107 tRNAs, and 13 rRNA loci.

Identification of Root-Associated Bacteria That Influence Plant Physiology, Increase Seed Germination, or Promote Growth of the Christmas Tree Species Abies nordmanniana.

Abies nordmanniana is used for Christmas tree production but poor seed germination and slow growth represent challenges for the growers. We addressed the plant growth promoting potential of root-associated bacteria isolated from A. nordmanniana. Laboratory screenings of a bacterial strain collection yielded several Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains that improved seed germination and produced indole-3-acetic acid. The impact of three of these strains on seed germination, plant growth and growth-related physiological parameters was then determined in greenhouse and field trials after seed inoculation, and their persistence was assessed by 16S rRNA gene-targeted bacterial community analysis. Two strains showed distinct and significant effects. Bacillus sp. s50 enhanced seed germination in the greenhouse but did not promote shoot or root growth. In accordance, this strain did not increase the level of soluble hexoses needed for plant growth but increased the level of storage carbohydrates. Moreover, strain s50 increased glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in the plant, which may indicate induction of systemic resistance during the early phase of plant development, as the strain showed poor persistence in the root samples (rhizosphere soil plus root tissue). Paenibacillus sp. s37 increased plant root growth, especially by inducing secondary root formation, under in greenhouse conditions, where it showed high persistence in the root samples. Under these conditions, it further it increased the level of soluble carbohydrates in shoots, and the levels of starch and non-structural carbohydrates in roots, stem and shoots. Moreover, it increased the chlorophyll level in the field trial. These findings indicate that this strain improves plant growth and vigor through effects on photosynthesis and plant carbohydrate reservoirs. The current results show that the two strains s37 and s50 could be considered for growth promotion programs of A. nordmanniana in greenhouse nurseries, and even under field conditions.

Under the Christmas Tree: Belowground Bacterial Associations With Abies nordmanniana Across Production Systems and Plant Development.

Abies nordmanniana is an economically important tree crop widely used for Christmas tree production. After initial growth in nurseries, seedlings are transplanted to the field. Rhizosphere bacterial communities generally impact the growth and health of the host plant. However, the dynamics of these communities during A. nordmanniana growth in nurseries, and during transplanting, has not previously been addressed. By a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach, we characterized the composition and dynamics of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere during early plant growth in field and greenhouse nurseries and for plants transplanted from the greenhouse to the field. Moreover, the N-cycling potential of rhizosphere bacteria across plant age was addressed in both nurseries. Overall, a rhizosphere core microbiome of A. nordmanniana, comprising 19.9% of the taxa at genus level, was maintained across plant age, nursery production systems, and even during the transplantation of plants from the greenhouse to the field. The core microbiome included the bacterial genera Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Rhodanobacter, and Sphingomonas, which harbor several N-fixing and plant growth-promoting taxa. Nevertheless, both plant age and production system caused significant changes in the rhizosphere bacterial communities. Concerning community composition, the relative abundance of Rhizobiales (genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Devosia) was higher in the rhizosphere of field-grown A. nordmanniana, whereas the relative abundance of Enterobacteriales and Pseudomonadales (genus Pseudomonas) was higher in the greenhouse. Analysis of community dynamics across plant age showed that in the field nursery, the most abundant bacterial orders showed more dynamic changes in their relative abundance in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. In the greenhouse, age-dependent dynamics even occurred but affected different taxa than for the field-grown plants. The N-cycling potential of rhizosphere bacterial communities showed an increase of the relative abundance of genes involved in nitrogen fixation and denitrification by plant age. Similarly, the relative abundance of reported nitrogen-fixing or denitrifying bacteria increased by plant age. However, different community structures seemed to lead to an increased potential for nitrogen fixation and denitrification in the field versus greenhouse nurseries.

Effects of Intra- and Interspecific Plant Density on Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities.

There have been very few studies on the effects of plant competition on the rhizosphere bacterial community. To investigate the impacts of intra- and interspecific plant competition, we analyzed the responses of rhizosphere bacterial communities to plant density as determined by 16S rRNA gene targeted sequencing. We included five weedy plant species growing in field soil in monocultures and mixed cultures at three densities in a greenhouse experiment. The rhizosphere bacterial community of each species changed more with density in a mixture of all five plant species than in monocultures, so intra- and interspecific plant competition had different effects on the bacterial community. For the dominant plant competitor, Centaurea cyanus, neither intra- nor interspecific competition had major effects on the composition of its rhizosphere bacterial communities. In contrast, the bacterial communities of the weakest competitor, Trifolium repens, were affected differently by intra- and interspecific competition. During increasing intraspecific competition T. repens maintained a highly specialized bacterial community dominated by Rhizobium; while during interspecific competition, the relative abundance of Rhizobium declined while other nitrogen fixing and potentially plant growth promoting taxa became more abundant. Contrary to previous observations made for soil microbial communities, the bacterial rhizosphere community of the weakest competitor did not become more similar to that of the dominant species. Thus, the process of competition, as well as the plant species themselves, determined the rhizosphere bacterial community. Our results emphasize the role of plant-plant interactions for rhizosphere bacterial communities. These effects may feedback to affect plant-plant interactions, and this is an important hypothesis for future research.

Rest interval between sets in strength training.

Strength training has become one of the most popular physical activities for increasing characteristics such as absolute muscular strength, endurance, hypertrophy and muscular power. For efficient, safe and effective training, it is of utmost importance to understand the interaction among training variables, which might include the intensity, number of sets, rest interval between sets, exercise modality and velocity of muscle action. Research has indicated that the rest interval between sets is an important variable that affects both acute responses and chronic adaptations to resistance exercise programmes. The purpose of this review is to analyse and discuss the rest interval between sets for targeting specific training outcomes (e.g. absolute muscular strength, endurance, hypertrophy and muscular power). The Scielo, Science Citation Index, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE, Scopus, Sport Discus and CINAHL databases were used to locate previous original scientific investigations. The 35 studies reviewed examined both acute responses and chronic adaptations, with rest interval length as the experimental variable. In terms of acute responses, a key finding was that when training with loads between 50% and 90% of one repetition maximum, 3-5 minutes' rest between sets allowed for greater repetitions over multiple sets. Furthermore, in terms of chronic adaptations, resting 3-5 minutes between sets produced greater increases in absolute strength, due to higher intensities and volumes of training. Similarly, higher levels of muscular power were demonstrated over multiple sets with 3 or 5 minutes versus 1 minute of rest between sets. Conversely, some experiments have demonstrated that when testing maximal strength, 1-minute rest intervals might be sufficient between repeated attempts; however, from a psychological and physiological standpoint, the inclusion of 3- to 5-minute rest intervals might be safer and more reliable. When the training goal is muscular hypertrophy, the combination of moderate-intensity sets with short rest intervals of 30-60 seconds might be most effective due to greater acute levels of growth hormone during such workouts. Finally, the research on rest interval length in relation to chronic muscular endurance adaptations is less clear. Training with short rest intervals (e.g. 20 seconds to 1 minute) resulted in higher repetition velocities during repeated submaximal muscle actions and also greater total torque during a high-intensity cycle test. Both of these findings indirectly demonstrated the benefits of utilizing short rest intervals for gains in muscular endurance. In summary, the rest interval between sets is an important variable that should receive more attention in resistance exercise prescription. When prescribed appropriately with other important prescriptive variables (i.e. volume and intensity), the amount of rest between sets can influence the efficiency, safety and ultimate effectiveness of a strength training programme.

The acute influence of two intensities of aerobic exercise on strength training performance in elderly women.

The aim of this study was to compare the acute influence of 2 intensities of aerobic exercise on a strength training session in physically active elderly women. Twenty-five women (74.3 +/- 2.8 years) with previous experience in both resistance and aerobic exercise volunteered to perform aerobic activity (60 and 80% maximum heart rate) followed by a training session on leg press, leg extension, and leg curl exercises. After aerobic intensity training, the number of repetitions in each set was analyzed to determine whether the aerobic exercise affected the amount of volume completed in a resistance workout. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of repetitions per exercise after aerobic training intensities of 80 and 60%. Ratings of perceived exertion demonstrated that fatigue after the 80% workout was greater than after the 60% workout. It was concluded that, at the training intensities tested, 20 minutes of aerobic training may be enough to produce a negative impact on a strength training performance session of physically active elderly women.

Root-Associated Microbial Communities of Abies nordmanniana: Insights Into Interactions of Microbial Communities With Antioxidative Enzymes and Plant Growth.

Abies nordmanniana is a major Christmas tree species in Europe, but their uneven and prolonged growth slows down their production. By a 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach, we performed a characterization of root-associated bacterial and fungal communities for three-year-old A. nordmanniana plants collected from two nurseries in Denmark and Germany and displaying different growth patterns (small versus tall plants). Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance at both sampling sites and plant sizes, and Ascomycota was the most abundant fungal phylum. At the order level, Acidobacteriales, Actinomycetales, Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales, and Xanthomonadales represented the bacterial core microbiome of A. nordmanniana, independently of the sampling site or plant size, while the fungal core microbiome included members of the Agaricales, Hypocreales, and Pezizales. Principal Coordinate Analysis indicated that both bacterial and fungal communities clustered according to the sampling site pointing to the significance of soil characteristics and climatic conditions for the composition of root-associated microbial communities. Major differences between communities from tall and small plants were a dominance of the potential pathogen Fusarium (Hypocreales) in the small plants from Germany, while Agaricales, that includes reported beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi, dominated in the tall plants. An evaluation of plant root antioxidative enzyme profiles showed higher levels of the antioxidative enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in small plants compared to tall plants. We suggest that the higher antioxidative enzyme activities combined with the growth arrest phenotype indicate higher oxidative stress levels in the small plants. Additionally, the correlations between the relative abundances of specific taxa of the microbiome with the plant antioxidative enzyme profiles were established. The main result was that many more bacterial taxa correlated positively than negatively with one or more antioxidative enzyme activity. This may suggest that the ability of bacteria to increase plant antioxidative enzyme defenses is widespread.

Paternidade entre homens jovens: vivências, mudanças e possibilidades / Paternity on the younger men's: experiences, changes and possibilities / Paternidad entre hombres jovenes: experiências, câmbios y posibilidades

Objetivo: apresentar as percepções de homens jovens sobre a vivência da paternidade. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado através de entrevista com 12 jovens de idade entre 18 e 24 anos, captados pela técnica de bola de neve e saturação teórica. O tratamento dos dados deu-se pela análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os jovens pais encontravam-se em cenário socioeconômico desfavorecido. A paternidade foi associada a isolamento e perdas, mas também à renovação e novas perspectivas. O provimento financeiro do filho foi um aspecto relacionado a exigências do modelo de masculinidade e paternidade vigentes, o que pode dificultar a vivência de outras formas de ser pai. Considerações finais: é necessária a implementação de políticas públicas que possibilitem aos rapazes gerenciarem sua vida reprodutiva de forma saudável e responsável, estabelecendo discussões quanto a gênero e masculinidade, para favorecer a vivência de uma paternidade menos calcada nas normas de masculinidade vigentes.

Objective: present the perceptions of young men about the experience of fatherhood. Method: qualitative study, carried out by interviews with 12 young people aged between 18 and 24 years, captured by the snowball technique and the theoretical saturation. Data processing was performed by content analysis. Results: the younger fathers were in a disadvantaged socioeconomic scenario. Fatherhood was associated with isolation and losses, but also with renovations and new perspectives. The financial provide of the child was one of the aspects related to the demands of the current model of masculinity and paternity, which can be difficult to experience in the other ways of being a father. Finalconsiderations: it is necessary to implement public policies that allow boys to manage their reproductive lives with health and responsibility, establishing discussions about gender and masculinity, to favor the experience of a fatherhood less grounded in the current norms of masculinity.

Objetivo: presentar las percepciones de hombres jóvenes sobre la experiencia de la paternidad. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado a través de entrevistas a 12 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 24 años, captados por la técnica bola de nieve y saturación teórica. El tratamiento de los datos se realizó mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: los padres jóvenes se encontraban en un escenario socioeconómico desfavorecido. La paternidad estaba asociada con aislamiento y pérdidas, pero también con la renovación y nuevas perspectivas. La provisión financiera del hijo fue un aspecto relacionado con las exigencias del modelo de masculinidad y paternidad actual, que puede dificultar la experiencia de otras formas de ser padre. Consideracionesfinales: es necesario implementar políticas públicas que permitan a los jóvenes gestionar su vida reproductiva de forma sana y responsable, estableciendo debates sobre el género y la masculinidad, para promover la experiencia de una paternidad menos basada en las normas de masculinidad actuales.

Atendimento na atenção primária à saúde: olhares de pessoas trans / Service in primary health care: perspectives of trans people / Atención primaria de salud: perspectivas de personas transgénero

Objetivo: conhecer as vivências e demandas de pessoas transexuais ao buscar serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com pessoas autodeclaradas transexuais que utilizam os serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário on-line, esses foram submetidos à análise através de software livre para dados qualitativos e o corpus textual de pesquisa passou pela análise do tipo temático-categorial. Resultados: com a análise dos dados, foi criada a categoria: vivências e demandas no atendimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde, que representou 51,6% das Unidades de Registro. Conclusão: no cenário atual, a população trans ainda padece com dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde e, portanto de terem seus direitos garantidos

Objectives: to know the experiences and demands of transgender people when seeking primary health care services. Method: descriptive research with a qualitative approach, conducted with self-declared transsexual scare people who use primary health care services. Data collection was performed through an online questionnaire, which were submitted to analysis through free software for qualitative data and the textual corpus of research was analyzed by thematic-category analysis. Results: with data analysis, two categories were created: experiences in primary health care, which represented 51.6% of the Registry Units. Conclusion: in the current scenario, the trans population still suffers from difficulties in accessing health services and therefore having their rights guaranteed

Objetivos: conocer las experiencias y demandas de las personas transgénero a la hora de buscar servicios de atención primaria de salud. Método: investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, realizada con personas autodeclaradas transexuales que utilizan los servicios de atención primaria de salud. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario en línea, que se sometió a análisis a través de software libre para obtener datos cualitativos y el corpus textual de investigación se analizó mediante análisis de categoría temática. Resultados: con el análisis de datos se crearon dos categorías: experiencias en atención primaria de salud, que representaron el 51,6% de las Unidades de Registro. Conclusión: en el escenario actual, la población trans aún sufre dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud y, por lo tanto, tener garantizados sus derechos

Masculinidades em construção, corpos em (re)construção: desejos, contradições e ambiguidades de homens trans no processo transexualizador / Masculinities under construction, bodies under (re)construction: trans men's desires, contradictions, and ambiguities in the transexualizing process

Resumo O artigo traz os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as estratégias, expectativas e desejos de 28 homens transexuais na construção das suas masculinidades e reconstrução de seus corpos por meio da hormonização cruzada. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada em um ambulatório do processo transexualizador de um município da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Para a construção dos dados, foram utilizadas a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação participante, empreendidas entre os meses de novembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. A análise de conteúdo orientou a análise das falas, das quais emergiram as categorias que foram discutidas à luz dos conceitos de gênero, transexualidade e masculinidades, além de referências de estudos sobre raça/cor em suas articulações com a saúde. Os dados revelaram desejos, contradições e ambiguidades no que diz respeito à construção da masculinidade e à (re)construção de corpos mais adequados a ela; evidenciaram o desejo pelo padrão corporal de masculinidade que seria conquistado por meio da hormonização e de cirurgias, e a cor negra surgiu como uma importante marca de desigualdade. Concluímos que, mesmo refutando muitos traços do modelo de masculinidade, esses homens desejam adentrar esse mundo e confundir-se na multidão como homens, vivenciando a masculinidade mais plena.

Abstract This paper presents the research results on the strategies, expectations, and desires of 28 transsexual men in building their masculinities and reconstructing their bodies through cross-hormonization. The qualitative research was carried out in an outpatient clinic of the transsexualization process in a city in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. We employed semi-structured interviews and participant observation from November 2019 to January 2020 to collect data. Content analysis guided the analysis of the statements from which the discussed categories emerged. The categories were discussed in the light of the concepts of gender, transsexuality, and masculinity, besides references from studies on ethnicity/skin color in their articulations with health. The data revealed desires, contradictions, and ambiguities regarding the construction of masculinity and the (re)construction of bodies more suited to it. They also evidenced the desire for the male bodily standard achieved through hormonization and surgeries, and black skin color emerged as a critical inequality mark. We concluded that, while refuting many male model features, these men want to enter this world and blend in with the crowd as men, thus experiencing fuller masculinity.

Redes sociais de apoio às pessoas trans: ampliando a produção de cuidado / Social support networks for trans people: expanding the production of care

RESUMO O direito à saúde de transexuais e travestis vem sendo conquistado por meio de intensa mobilização social, resultando em políticas específicas para essa população. Apesar disso, observa-se desassistência a esse grupo, levando-o a desenhar itinerários terapêuticos fora da rede formal de atenção à saúde. Objetivouse apresentar e discutir os itinerários terapêuticos construídos por pessoas trans em Niterói por meio de suas redes sociais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, cujo cenário foi o Ambulatório de Atenção à Saúde da População Travesti e Transexual João W. Nery em Niterói/RJ. Participaram da pesquisa 20 transexuais usuários/as do ambulatório, moradores/as do município, que responderam à entrevista semiestruturada. Foram feitas também observações participantes. O tratamento dos dados foi efetuado por meio da análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Evidenciou-se que as redes sociais ampliaram a capacidade de produção de saúde, mobilizando e articulando relações familiares, de amizade, religiosidades, movimento estudantil e grupos universitários, além do movimento LGBTQIA+ no empoderamento e ressignificação dos projetos de vida e da própria expressão da identidade trans. Sugere-se que os serviços de saúde precisam conhecer e se articular às redes sociais para produzir um cuidado em saúde pautado pelos paradigmas da integralidade e dos direitos humanos.

ABSTRACT The rights of transgender people to health care has been achieved through intense social mobilization, resulting in specific policies for that population. But despite those policies, in general, there is a lack of assistance to this group regarding their health care, leading them to design different therapeutic itineraries in the search for health care assistance. In this article, we present the therapeutic itineraries built by the trans population in Niterói through their Social Networks. For that, a qualitative exploratory research was carried out at Ambulatório de Atenção à Saúde João W. Nery, in Niterói. Twenty transgender people who are cared for at the clinic and who live in the city participated. They answered a semi-structured interview script. Data treatment was carried out using the thematic-categorical content analysis. The research shows that Social Networks have expanded the capacity of health production, mobilizing family relationships, friendship, religiosity, student movement, and study groups at the university, in addition to the LGBTQIA+ social movement on the empowerment and resignification of life projects and the very expression of transgender identity. We suggest that health services need to know and articulate social networks to produce health care guided by the paradigms of integrality and human rights.

Fungal endophytes in germinated seeds of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris.

We conducted a survey of fungal endophytes in 582 germinated seeds belonging to 11 Colombian cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The survey yielded 394 endophytic isolates belonging to 42 taxa, as identified by sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Aureobasidium pullulans was the dominant endophyte, isolated from 46.7 % of the samples. Also common were Fusarium oxysporum, Xylaria sp., and Cladosporium cladosporioides, but found in only 13.4 %, 11.7 %, and 7.6 % of seedlings, respectively. Endophytic colonization differed significantly among common bean cultivars and seedling parts, with the highest colonization occurring in the first true leaves of the seedlings.

Conhecimento e expectativas de acadêmicos de fisioterapia sobre a atuação profissional na atenção primária à saúde / Conocimientos y expectativas de estudiantes de fisioterapia sobre la actuación profesional en la atención primaria de salud / Physiotherapy undergraduates' knowledge and expectations of professional practice in primary health care

RESUMO A promulgação do SUS apontou uma nova concepção de saúde não mais focada na ausência de doenças. Fez-se necessário o fortalecimento de ações no nível primário sendo elaborada a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica para promover, proteger e reabilitar a saúde dos indivíduos e coletividades. A Fisioterapia precisa se adequar para se aproximar da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e aos novos modelos de atenção à saúde, o que é recomendado pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Fisioterapia. O objetivo do estudo é investigar o conhecimento e as expectativas de acadêmicos de Cursos de Fisioterapia de Porto Alegre e região metropolitana sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foi realizado estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, com questionário on-line composto por 13 questões, objetivas e dissertativas. Para verificar as associações, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e adotou-se significância de 5%. 171 acadêmicos de Fisioterapia (90,53% do sexo feminino, com idades entre 18 e 55 anos) participaram do estudo. A minoria dos participantes registrou corretamente as quatro atividades e locais de atuação da Fisioterapia na APS. Para as atividades, foram utilizados termos amplos como "promoção" e "prevenção"; "Unidade de Saúde" foi o local mais frequentemente citado. Do total, 43,2% apontaram se sentirem preparados.

RESUMEN La promulgación del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) apuntó a una nueva concepción de salud que ya no se centra en la ausencia de enfermedades. Fue necesario fortalecer las acciones en el ámbito primario con el desarrollo de la Política Nacional de Atención Primaria para promover, proteger y rehabilitar la salud de las personas y las comunidades. La fisioterapia necesita adaptarse para acercarse a la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) y los nuevos modelos de atención sanitaria, según lo recomendado por los Lineamientos Curriculares Nacionales para la Carrera en Fisioterapia. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los conocimientos y expectativas de universitarios y Carreras de Fisioterapia de Porto Alegre y región metropolitana sobre el rol del fisioterapeuta en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, que aplicó un cuestionario on line compuesto de 13 preguntas, tanto de elección única como de ensayo. Para verificar las asociaciones se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, y se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5%. En el estudio participaron 171 estudiantes de fisioterapia (el 90,53% mujeres con edades entre 18 y 55 años). La minoría de los participantes contestaron correctamente las cuatro actividades y locales de actuación de la fisioterapia en la APS. Para las actividades, se utilizaron términos amplios como "promoción" y "prevención"; y el local de actuación más citado fue "Unidad de Salud". Del total, el 43,2% afirmaron sentirse preparados.

ABSTRACT The consolidation of SUS led to a new concept of health no longer focused on the absence of diseases. The strengthening of actions at the primary level was necessary, therefore the National Policy of Primary Care was created to promote, protect and rehabilitate people's health. Physiotherapy had to undergo a series of adjustments in order to fit the primary care system and, according to the National Curriculum Guidelines, undergraduate courses should observe the new models of health care. The objective was to assess the knowledge and expectations of Physiotherapy undergraduate students in the Porto Alegre and surrounding cities about the physiotherapist's role in primary care. The study was descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional. An online survey was conducted with 13 objective and dissertation questions. The chi-square test was used to verify associations and significance was found when p≤0.05. A total of 171 Physiotherapy undergraduate students (90.53% females, aging between 18 and 55 years) agreed to participate. A minority of participants correctly registered four activities to be developed and four places of practice for physiotherapists in primary care. Unspecific terms like "promotion" and "prevention" were used to describe the activities, while "Healthcare Units" was the most frequently cited place. Among our sample, 43.2% stated feeling prepared to act in primary care and 53.25% considered as an option to work in primary care. In conclusion, although participants showed limited knowledge about primary care, they mostly feel satisfied with the knowledge acquired on this topic.

Participação do pai jovem no acompanhamento do pré-natal: a visão do profissional de saúde / The young father involvement in the prenatal care: the perspectiveof healh professional / Participación del padre joven en el seguimiento del prenatal: el punto de vista del profesional de salud

Objetivo: conhecer a visão dos enfermeiros/as e médicos/as sobre a paternidade na adolescência; identificar ações direcionadas ao jovem pai no pré-natal. Método: pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa, com dados produzidos pelo projeto "Saúde sexual e reprodutiva como direito de mulheres e homens na atenção à saúde". Os documentos/entrevistas com profissionais que realizam consultas de pré-natal nas ESF possibilitaram a análise de conteúdo nas categorias: "Visão dos profissionais sobre paternidade na adolescência" e "Ações no pré-natal voltadas aos jovens pais". Resultados: as participantes declararam a diferença entre ser pai jovem e adulto, destacando-se a maturidade. A maioria condenou a gravidez na adolescência, e a não-frequência dos pais às consultas. Conclusão: ser pai, em qualquer idade, não afasta as relações tradicionais de gênero, sendo sua inclusão insuficiente. Interpretar negativamente a paternidade na adolescência contribui no afastamento desse jovem pai aos serviços de saúde

Objective: recognize nurses' and doctors' overview on adolescent fatherhood; Identify which actions are guided to a young father during prenatal care. Method: documental research with a qualitative approach, with data produced by the project "Sexual and reproductive health as women and men's right in health care." The documents/interviews from the professionals who consult prenatal in ESF enabled the analysis of the content in categories: "Professionals' overview on adolescent paternity" and "Actions during prenatal period on young fathers." Results: the participants stated the difference between being a young or adult father with emphasis in their maturity. Most of them bashed teenage pregnancy and also fathers' absences in consultations. Conclusion: being a father does not bring traditional gender relations out at any age, but his inclusion is unsatisfactory. A negative interpretation on adolescent paternity contributes to young father's distancing to health care services

Objetivo: conocer puntos de vista de enfermeros/as y médicos/as sobre paternidad adolescente; identificar acciones dirigidas al joven padre durante prenatal. Método: Investigación documental con enfoque cualitativo, cuyos datos son producidos por el proyecto "Salud sexual y reproductiva como derecho de mujeres y hombres en atención de salud." Documentos/entrevistas con profesionales realizando consultas de prenatal en ESF posibilitaron análisis de contenido en estas categorías: "Puntos de vista de profesionales sobre paternidad adolescente" y "Acciones en prenatal volcadas hacia jóvenes padres". Resultados: participantes declararon haber diferencia entre ser padre joven y adulto, destacando la madurez. La mayoría condenó el embarazo adolescente, y la no-asistencia de los padres a las consultas. Conclusión: ser padre, a cualquier edad, mantiene las relaciones tradicionales de género por tanto su inclusión es insuficiente. Interpretar negativamente la paternidad adolescente contribuye al alejamiento del joven padre de servicios de salud

Associação entre a ocorrência de dor e sobrecarga em cuidadores principais e o nível de independência de idosos nas atividades de vida diária: estudo transversal / Association between the occurrence of pain and caregivers overload on main and the elderly independence level in daily life activities: cross sectional study

Resumo Introdução Cuidar do idoso costuma ser uma tarefa árdua, e as demandas podem extrapolar a capacidade do cuidador, causando sobrecarga e dor. Objetivo Investigar a ocorrência de sobrecarga e dor em cuidadores de idosos, bem como verificar a relação dessas variáveis com o nível de independência do idoso. Método Amostra por conveniência que, a partir de Unidades de Saúde de uma região distrital de Porto Alegre, identificou potenciais idosos e seus cuidadores principais. Estes, em visitas domiciliares, responderam questões referentes ao perfil socioeconômico, à ocorrência de dor (questionário nórdico e escala visual analógica de dor), à sobrecarga do cuidador (Inventário de Sobrecarga do Cuidador) e ao nível de independência do idoso (índice de Katz). Foi realizada correlação de Spearman. Resultados Participaram 14 idosos e 14 cuidadores com idade média de 82,1 (±6,9) e 65,9(±11,3) anos, respectivamente. Dos idosos, 28,6% foram classificados independentes, 50% dependência moderada e 21,4% muito dependentes. Houve correlação forte e inversa entre o nível de independência do idoso e a sobrecarga do cuidador (ρ=-0,619; p=0,018) e com os domínios, separadamente, sobrecarga tempo dependente (ρ=-0,866; p=0,000) e sobrecarga à vida pessoal (ρ=-0,708; p=0,005). Conclusão Quanto mais independente o idoso, menor foi a sobrecarga atribuída ao seu cuidador. Não houve associação entre dor e sobrecarga do cuidador.

Abstract Background Caring for an elderly is often an arduous task, and the care demands go beyond the caregiver's capacity may cause overload and pain. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between independence level of the elderly in daily life activities and the occurrence of pain and overload your primary caregiver. Method The study included 14 elderly residents in adscript territory of health units of the North Zone-Axis Baltazar area Baltazar North axis of the city Porto Alegre and their primary caregivers, in home visits, answered questions regarding the socioeconomic profile, the occurrence of pain (Nordic questionnaire and visual analog pain scale), the caregiver burden (Inventory caregiver overload) and the level of independence of the elderly (Katz index). Results The average age of the elderly is 82.1 years (± 6.9) and caregivers, 65.9 years (± 11.3). Of the 14 elderly, 28.6% were classified as independent, 50% as having moderate dependence and 21.4% as very dependent. There was strong inverse correlation between the old level of independence and caregiver burden (ρ = -0.619; p = 0.018). When evaluating areas of the inventory separately overload time dependent (ρ = -0.866; p = 0.000) and over the personal life (ρ = -0.708; p = 0.005) correlated to the level of independence of the elderly. Conclusion The study showed that the more independent for the elderly, the lower the burden attributed to the caregiver.

Percepção de profissionais de unidades de acolhimento sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva das adolescentes institucionalizadas / Perception of shelter unit professionals on sexual and reproductive health of adolescent institutionalized / Percepción del profesional unidades de acogida sobre la salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes institucionalizados

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sócio demográfico dos profissionais que atuam em unidade de acolhimento para adolescentes e analisar a percepção sobre saúde sexual/reprodutiva de adolescentes institucionalizadas na perspectiva de profissionais da unidade de acolhimento. Método: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida com 10 profissionais de uma instituição de acolhimento pública, na Zona Norte do Rio de Janeiro. Realizado entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas com auxílio do Software NVIVO 10 (análise temática). A maioria dos participantes é do sexo feminino e possuem ensino médio completo, destacamos que estes não possuem formação direcionada à saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Resultados: as percepções dos profissionais sobre saúde sexual/reprodutiva das adolescentes estão relacionadas à sexualidade exacerbada, a gravidez na adolescência como negativa, Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e métodos anticoncepcionais. Conclusão: foi percebido que estes não possuem capacitação necessária para suprir às orientações adequadas e necessárias as adolescentes. A inserção do Enfermeiro possibilitaria suporte às demandas apresentadas pelos adolescentes e profissionais

Objectives: to characterize the demographic social profile of professionals working in shelter unit for adolescents and to analyze the perception of sexual health/reproductive adolescents institutionalized from the perspective of professionals in the unit. Method: qualitative study developed with 10 professionals from a public shelter institution in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Conducted semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the aid of software NVivo 10 (thematic analysis). Most of the participants is female and have completed high school, we point out that these have no training directed to sexual and reproductive health. Results: the perceptions of professionals on sexual health/reproductive of adolescents are related to exacerbated sexuality, pregnancy in adolescence as negative, Sexually Transmitted Infections and contraception. Conclusion: it was perceived that they not have the skills necessary to supply the appropriate and necessary guidelines adolescents. The inclusion of nurses would allow support to the demands presented by adolescents and professionals

Objetivos: caracterizar perfil socio demográfico de los profesionales que trabajan en la unidad de alojamiento para adolescentes y analizar la percepción de salud/reproductiva sexuales de los adolescentes institucionalizados en la perspectiva de los profesionales de la unidad. Método: la investigación cualitativa realizada con 10 profesionales de una institución de acogida público en la zona norte de Río de Janeiro. Fue realizada entrevistas semi-estructuradas y analizadas con la ayuda del software NVivo 10 (análisis temático). Mayoría de los participantes son mujeres y han completado la escuela secundaria, señalamos que estos no tenían educación dirigida a la salud sexual y reproductiva. Resultados: percepciones de los profesionales se relacionan con la sexualidad aumentada, El embarazo adolescente como negativo, infección de transmisión sexual y la anticoncepción. Conclusion: fue percibido de que no tienen las habilidades para proporcionar orientaciones adecuadas y necesarias. La inclusión de enfermeros permitiría apoyar las demandas presentadas por adolescentes y profesionales

Ecto-phosphatase activity on the cell surface of Crithidia deanei.

In the present work we have partially characterized an ecto-phosphatase activity in Crithidia deanei, using viable parasites. This enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenylphosphate at a rate of 3.55 +/- 0.47 nmol Pi/h x 10(8) cells. The dependence on p-NPP concentration shows a normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics for this phosphatase activity and the value of the apparent Km for p-NPP was 5.35 +/- 0.89 mM. This phosphatase activity was inhibited by the product of the reaction, the inorganic phosphate. Experiments using classical inhibitors of acid phosphatases, such as ZnCl2 and sodium fluoride, as well as inhibitors of phosphotyrosine phosphatase, such as sodium orthovanadate and ammonium molybdate, showed a decrease in this phosphatase activity, with different patterns of inhibition.