Comparison of senescence phenotype of short- and long- term cultured rat mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.

Mesenchymal stem cells present clinical potential to recover and regenerate injured tissues in diverse pathologies. The in vitro expansion and characterization of these cells contribute to elucidation of the mechanisms of senescence and strategies involving cell therapies. This study aimed to compare specific characteristics between initial and advanced passages of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Both cell types were characterized according to immunophenotype, osteogenic differentiation, genomic instability, migration assay, doubling population time and colony forming ability. Our results demonstrated that both cell types were able to maintain an immunophenotypic profile typical of mesenchymal stem cells during increasing passages. Adipose stem cells at initial passage presented greater migration capacity compared to advanced passage cells, and advanced passage cells proliferated faster than initial passage cells. Bone marrow stem cells at early passages presented higher osteogenic potential than advanced. At advanced passages they presented higher colony forming capacity and genetic damage than those at initial passage. These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cells maintained in culture presented characteristics of senescence that should be monitored prior the use in regenerative medicine and cells derived from bone marrow at initial passage have better potential for therapeutic use in bone tissue engineering.

Intraocular Pressure in Eyes Receiving Intravitreal Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections.

PURPOSE: The aim of the this study was to determine the effect of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections on intraocular pressure (IOP) and identify possible risk factors for the development of increased IOP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included a total of 106 eyes receiving intravitreal injection of bevacizumab as treatment for macular edema or active choroidal neovascularization. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry immediately before the intravitreal injection and 5 min, 1 h and 15 days after the procedure. The records of the study patients were reviewed for age, gender, history of glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, phakic status, systemic and topical medication and number of previous injections. Subconjunctival reflux was registered. IOP elevation was defined as IOP ≥21 mm Hg and/or a change from baseline of ≥5 mm Hg recorded at least on two or more measurements on the same visit. RESULTS: Mean preoperative IOP was 15.31 ± 3.90 mm Hg and postoperative IOP values were 27.27 ± 11.87 mm Hg (after 5 min), 17.59 ± 6.24 mm Hg (after 1 h) and 16.86 ± 3.62 mm Hg (after 15 days). The IOP variation was statistically significant between pre- and postoperative measurements (p < 0.05). Subconjunctival reflux was recorded in 11.3%, and in this subgroup the IOP at 5 min and at 1 h was lower than preoperative IOP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: More than one third of the eyes achieved IOPs >30 mm Hg 5 min after injection. Subconjunctival reflux contributed to a lower mean postoperative IOP (p < 0.05). Considerations for the management include prophylactic IOP lowering with medical therapy and/or preinjection ocular decompression for patients with a history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension and switching to an as-needed injection protocol in patients suffering a marked IOP rise in previous injections.

The impact of multifocal intraocular lens in retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography.

Multifocal intraocular lenses (MF IOLs) have concentric optical zones with different dioptric power, enabling patients to have good visual acuity at multiple focal points. However, several optical limitations have been attributed to this particular design. The purpose of this study is to access the effect of MF IOLs design on the accuracy of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT). Cross-sectional study conducted at the Refractive Surgery Department of Central Lisbon Hospital Center. Twenty-three eyes of 15 patients with a diffractive MF IOL and 27 eyes of 15 patients with an aspheric monofocal IOL were included in this study. All patients underwent OCT macular scans using Heidelberg Spectralis(®). Macular thickness and volume values and image quality (Q factor) were compared between the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding macular thickness or volume measurements. Retinal OCT image quality was significantly lower in the MF IOL group (p < 0.01). MF IOLs are associated with a significant decrease in OCT image quality. However, this fact does not seem to compromise the accuracy of spectral domain OCT retinal measurements.

Overweight Impairs Postural Control of Female Night Workers.

Objectives To verify the relationships between sleep duration (Total Sleep Time - TST) and postural control of female night workers before and after shift. As well as, to verify if there is an influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the postural control of these female workers before and after shift. Methods A total of 14 female night workers (mean age: 35.0 ± 7.7 years) were evaluated. An actigraph was placed on the wrist to evaluate the sleep-wake cycle. The body mass and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Postural control was evaluated by means of a force platform, with eyes opened and eyes closed before and after the 12-hour workday. Results There was an effect of the BMI on the velocity and the center of pressure path with eyes opened before ( t = 2.55, p = 0.02) and after ( t = 4.10, p < 0.01) night work. The BMI impaired the velocity and the center of pressure path with eyes closed before ( t = 3.05, p = 0.01; t = 3.04, p = 0.01) and after ( t = 2.95, p = 0.01; t = 2.94, p = 0.01) night work. Furthermore, high BMI is associated with female workers' postural sway ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Therefore, high BMI impairs the postural control of female night workers, indicating postural instability before and after night work.

Biologic Agents in Crohn's Patients Reduce CD4+ T Cells Activation and Are Inversely Related to Treg Cells.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex interface of broad factors. There are two main treatments for Chron's disease: biological therapy and nonbiological therapy. Biological agent therapy (e.g., anti-TNF) is the most frequently prescribed treatment; however, it is not universally accessible. In fact, in Brazil, many patients are only given the option of receiving nonbiological therapy. This approach prolongs the subsequent clinical relapse; however, this procedure could be implicated in the immune response and enhance disease severity. Our purpose was to assess the effects of different treatments on CD4+ T cells in a cohort of patients with Crohn's disease compared with healthy individuals. To examine the immune status in a Brazilian cohort, we analyzed CD4+ T cells, activation status, cytokine production, and Treg cells in blood of Crohn's patients. Patients that underwent biological therapy can recover the percentage of CD4+CD73+ T cells, decrease the CD4+ T cell activation/effector functions, and maintain the peripheral percentage of regulatory T cells. These results show that anti-TNF agents can improve CD4+ T cell subsets, thereby inducing Crohn's patients to relapse and remission rates.

Forensic analysis of anabolic steroids tablets composition using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (µATR-FTIR) mapping.

The use of falsified and unregistered drugs is a worldwide public health problem. Because these global market products usually do not follow the Good Manufacturing Practices required by health legislation, its composition may be completely different from the original or may contain relevant concentrations of impurities and toxic contaminants. Since anabolic steroids are among the main irregular therapeutic classes seized in Brazil, here we propose a new methodology for analyzing these products, in tablets form, using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (µATR-FTIR) mapping. Spectra were acquired from solid tablets by attenuated total reflection, through point mapping methodology. In data processing, a characteristic absorption band for each Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) was integrated and plotted to create its distribution map. This technique was applied in an unprecedented way for the forensic analysis of anabolic steroids and proved to be effective in distinguishing falsified products based on the detection of their APIs. It was possible to detect APIs in 26 out of 30 samples, five of which were classified as falsified only through µATR-FTIR analysis. We were able to create distribution maps of the detected substances associating the microspectroscopic results with characteristic band integration method, which can be used to detect substances and to study samples' homogeneity. We concluded that this methodology is promising for the analysis of anabolic steroid tablets, and can be used in a complementary way with techniques already consolidated in forensic laboratory routine for a better classification of questioned samples between authentic and falsified ones.

Administration of high doses of caffeine increases alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Although some studies have reported a negative influence of caffeine on bone metabolism, there is no information about its effect on the progression of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high doses of caffeine on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. METHODS: Twenty-two Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: non-caffeine group (n = 12) = animals without caffeine ingestion; caffeine group (n = 10) = animals ingesting 10 mg/100 g body weight/day of caffeine via drinking water for 56 days. Two weeks after the beginning of caffeine intake, one of the mandibular molar was randomly assigned to receive a ligature, whereas the contralateral molar was left unligated. Forty-two days later, the animals were sacrificed, and the specimens were processed to obtain decalcified sections. The area of periodontal ligament and/or bone loss in the furcation region of the first molars was histometrically determined. RESULTS: Caffeine intake did not have a direct effect on the alveolar bone loss in unligated teeth. But on the ligated tooth, a greater area of bone loss was observed in the animals that ingested caffeine compared to those that did not (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that daily intake of high doses of caffeine may enhance ligature-induced periodontitis progression.

A Psicologia na atenção básica e a saúde coletiva / Psychology at primary care and public health / La psicología en la atención básica y la salud colectiva

O objetivo do artigo é descrever os desafios do profissional da psicologia na atenção básica à saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de delineamento qualitativo, exploratorio e descritivo. Foram analisados 10 artigos publicados entre 2001 e 2017 em revistas científicas pertencentes às bases de dados do Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Os artigos apresentavam relatos de experiência de profissionais da psicologia que atuam na atenção básica à saúde e foram analisados na perspectiva da análise de conteúdo proposta por Laville e Dionne. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de o profissional da psicologia adotar uma visão ampliada de saúde na perspectiva da saúde coletiva. Deste modo, pode se desenvolver um atendimento integral à saúde por meio de atuação humanizada, preventiva e ampliada na atenção básica. Mais ainda, busca-se a transformação na formação dos profissionais da psicologia e a elaboração de diretrizes norteadoras mais claras e objetivas para a saúde mental na atenção básica.

The article aims to describe the psychologist's challenges in primary care health. We conducted a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive research. We analyzed ten scientific articles, published between 2001 and 2017 at the Portal de Periódicos da Capes. These articles subject were psychologist's narratives of work at primary care health. They were analyzed from the perspective of Laville and Dionne's analysis of content. Results point to the necessity of a board perspective of health by the psychologists and the development of a collective health approach to mental health. Thus, we were capable to enable preventive, humanized attention to health in all dimensions at primary care. Furthermore, there is a need for necessary changes in psychologist's formation and objectives policies guidelines to mental health at the primary care.

El artículo objetiva describir los desafíos del profesional en psicología en la atención básica à la salud. Se ha hecho una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva. Fueron analizados diez artículos publicados entre 2001 y 2017 en lo Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Estos artículos presentaban narrativas de actuación de profesionales de la psicología en la atención básica à la salud y fueran analizados en la perspectiva del análisis de contenido de Laville e Dionne. Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de una visión ampliada de salud en la perspectiva de la salud colectiva por los psicólogos. Con esto, es posible crear una asistencia integral à la salud con una actuación humanizada, preventiva y ampliada en la atención básica. Y más, se necesita transformar la formación de los profesionales de psicología y elaborar directrices más claras y objetivas para la salud mental en la atención básica.

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Filtering Blebs after Deep Sclerectomy with Esnoper-Clip Implant: One-year Follow-up.

PURPOSE: To describe the technique of deep sclerectomy with the new Esnoper-Clip® implant, the clinical outcome and the anatomic characteristics of filtering blebs, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: A prospective case-series study was conducted in five eyes (5 patients) with open angle glaucoma. The fornix-based deep sclerectomy with Esnoper-Clip® implant was done by the same surgeon. In one case, mitomycin C was used during surgery. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and AS-OCT (Visante®) preoperatively, then at each follow-up visit, at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Scans were obtained through sagittal and transversal plans to the implant. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from a mean preoperative value of 23.4 ± 8.6 mm Hg (n = 3.8 glaucoma medications) to a postoperative value of 6.0 ± 2.5 (n = 0), 10.6 ± 5.4 (n = 0), 13 ± 1.6 (n = 0.4), 12.4 ± 2.1 (n = 0.2) and 14.4 ± 1.5 (n = 0.2) at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year respectively. AS-OCT allowed the visualization of the two plates of the implant (scleral and suprasciliary), the trabeculodescemetic membrane and the hyporeflective spaces in the bleb wall thickness and in suprascleral and suprachoroidal localizations. An immediate postoperative hypotony and an anteriorization of the implant associated to trabeculodescemetic membrane rupture, were detected, although without significant clinical repercussions. CONCLUSION: Our first five deep sclerectomy with Esnoper-Clip implantation analysis suggest an effective and well-tolerated method to reduce IOP. AS-OCT is a noninvasive imaging technique that allows the anatomic analysis of the drainage mechanisms after glaucoma surgery. How to cite this article: Vieira L, Noronha M, Lemos V, Reina M, Gomes T. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Filtering Blebs after Deep Sclerectomy with Esnoper-Clip Implant: One-year Follow-up. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2014;8(3):91-95.

O uso do oscilador oral de alta frequência Flutter®VRP1 na terapia respiratória / The use of high frequency oral oscillatory Flutter®VRP1 in respiratory therapy

A clearence pulmonar é um dos grandes objetivos da fisioterapia respiratória, e as manobras de higiene brônquica são as ferramentas do fisioterapeuta para alcançar este objetivo. O Flutter®VRP1 têm sido utilizado em grande escala em pacientes hipersecretivos sendo muito estudado em pacientes com fibrose cística. É um instrumento portátil que combina estabilização das vias aéreas com favorecimento da higiene brônquica, gera pressão positiva expiratória e provoca vibrações endobrônquicas durante a expiração por meio do aparelho, mobilizando o muco. As oscilações previnem o colapso brônquico, facilitando a expectoração. O seu uso em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, bronquiectasia e asma brônquica é realizado em grande escala na fisioterapia respiratória, mas poucos são os estudos publicados na literatura. Este estudo teve como propósito a realização de uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso do oscilador oral de alta frequência: Flutter®VRP1 na terapia respiratória em pacientes com asma brônquica, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e bronquiectasia com intuito de verificar seu efeito terapêutico, eficiência baseada em evidências científicas, efeitos fisiológicos e controvérsias. Portanto, baseada nesta revisão, não há prejuízo e contraindicação para o uso do Flutter® VRP1 nestas doenças. Porém, mais estudos necessitam de serem realizados de forma randomizada, controlada e tempo prolongado.

Pulmonary clearance is a major goal in respiratory physiotherapy, and bronchial hygiene maneuvers are the tools of the physical therapist to achieve this goal. Flutter®VRP1 has been widely used in patients with hyper-secretion, being extensively studied in patients with cystic fibrosis. It is a portable instrument that combines the stabilization of airways with favoring of the bronchial hygiene, which generates positive expiratory pressure and causes endobronchial vibrations during exhalation through the device, mobilizing the mucus. The oscillations prevent the bronchial collapse, facilitating expectoration. Its use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis and bronchial asthma widely used in respiratory physical therapy, but there are few studies published in the literature. This study aimed to perform a literature review on the use of the oral high frequency oscillator Flutter ® VRP1 in respiratory therapy in patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in order to verify its therapeutic effect, based on efficiency on scientific evidence, physiological effects and controversies. Therefore, according to this review, there is no damage and contraindications for use of Flutter® VRP1 for the treatment of these diseases. However, more studies need to be performed in a randomized manner, under controlled and long-term conditions.

Obligations, precautions and pending issues in regulatory development for radiopharmaceuticals in Brazil

Radiopharmaceuticals are compounds that have a radionuclide and may be gamma-radiation emitter (γ) or positrons emitter (β+), linked to a molecule with specific diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The progress in the use of radiopharmaceuticals has culminated to a sector in common with other types of drugs: regulation and surveillance. From 2006 on, production, marketing and use of these drugs were open to the Brazilian market granting much more freedom due to the Constitutional Amendment 49, resulting from the previous Constitutional Amendment 199/03 which removes the Union monopoly for this kind of manipulation and granted this production to other nuclear medicine. From this date on, the amount of this type of sold product have been greatly increased, and the nucleus of surveillance and regulation in Brazil have also advanced in the legislative processes, creating documents that are now more focused on radiopharmaceuticals in the national territory (Resolutions No. 63 and No. 64). In international overview, there is too much to be done in regulatory terms in Brazil, such as adding mainly issues of drugs surveillance to pharmacovigilance practice in radiopharmaceuticals drugs.

Radiofármacos são compostos que possuem um radionucleotídeo, podendo ser emissor de radiação gama (γ) ou emissor de pósitrons (β+), ligado a uma molécula específica com finalidade diagnóstica e terapêutica. O avanço no uso dos radiofármacos tem culminado a um setor em comum com outros tipos de medicamentos: a regulamentação e fiscalização. Após 2006, a produção, a comercialização e a utilização destes medicamentos foram abertas ao mercado interno brasileiro com maior liberdade, pois a Emenda Constitucional 49, vinda da Emenda Constitucional 199/03, que retira da União o monopólio deste tipo de manipulação, ofereceu a outros centros de medicina nuclear a oportunidade desta produção. A partir desta data, a quantidade comercializada deste tipo de medicamento aumentou absurdamente e os núcleos de vigilância e regulamentação do Brasil avançaram também nos processos legislativos, criando os documentos mais voltados a Radiofármacos existentes no território nacional, as Resoluções n° 63 e n° 64. Em visão internacional, há muito ainda a ser feito em termos regulatórios no Brasil somando principalmente os assuntos vigilantes dos medicamentos como a prática de Farmacovigilância em Radiofármacos.

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in mammals and reptiles at the Lisbon Zoo.

The presence of Cryptosporidium parasites in mammals and reptiles kept at the Lisbon Zoo was investigated. A total of 274 stool samples were collected from 100 mammals and 29 reptiles. The species and genotype of the isolates identified by light microscopy were determined by nested PCR and sequence analysis of a fragment of the small subunit rRNA gene. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in one black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), one Prairie bison (Bison bison bison) and in one Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans). The PCR and sequence analysis of these three isolates showed that those excreted by the Prairie bison were Cryptosporidium mouse genotype, those from the black wildebeest were from a new Cryptosporidium genotype and those infecting the Indian star tortoise were Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype. The present work reports a new Cryptosporidium genotype in a black wildebeest and the first finding of the Cryptosporidium mouse genotype in a ruminant.

Identification and determination of the viability of Giardia lamblia cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis oocysts in human fecal and water supply samples by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and monoclonal antibodies.

In the present study, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were evaluated for species-specific detection and viability determination of Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Cryptosporidium hominis in human fecal and water supply samples. A total of 50 fecal human samples positive for G. lamblia cysts, 38 positive for C. parvum, and 23 positive for C. hominis were studied. Also, 18 water supply samples positive for Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1623 were studied by FISH and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated MAbs. Eighteen percent of the fecal samples parasitologically positive for G. lamblia presented viable and nonviable cysts, and 5% of those positive for Cryptosporidium spp. presented viable and nonviable oocysts. Of the 18 water supply samples analyzed, 6 (33%) presented Giardia spp. viable and nonviable cysts and 2 (11%) presented viable and nonviable Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. G. lamblia identification was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the beta-giardin gene in the fecal and water samples found positive by FISH and FITC-conjugated MAbs. C. parvum and Cryptosporidium muris were identified, by PCR and sequencing of the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene, in seven and one water samples, respectively. Our results confirm that this technique enables simultaneous visualization, species-specific identification, and viability determination of the organisms present in human fecal and water supply samples.

Altura percentual do centro de gravidade e número de quedas em idosos ativos e sedentários / Center of gravity height and number of falls in active and sedentary older adults

No envelhecimento, verifica-se modificações no metabolismo energético, resultando em aumento da gordura corporal, diminuição da massa muscular e da estatura o que pode levar às alterações no posicionamento do Centro de Gravidade (CG) e consequentes quedas. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: identificar a altura percentual do CG e o número de quedas (NQ) sofridas pelos idosos nos últimos 12 meses, compará-los entre o grupo de idosos ativos e sedentários e correlacioná-los com as variáveis antropométricas (massa corporal, estatura e IMC). A amostra foi composta por 102 idosos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 60 e 84 anos, entre eles, 64 ativos e 38 sedentários. Foram avaliados dadosantropométricos, NQ, nível de atividade física dos idosos sedentários e altura percentual do CG. Foram realizados cálculos de média e desvio padrão e as correlações entre as variáveis foram verificadas através da aplicação do Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Identificou-se que a altura percentual do CG dos idosos ativos encontra-se a 57,54% ± 2,57%e dos idosos sedentários a 57,47% ± 1,94% de sua altura, não foram observadas correlações significativas da altura percentual do CG com nenhuma das variáveis antropométricas e com NQ nos idosos de ambos os grupos. Pode-se concluir que os idosos apresentam valor do CG acima do considerado fisiológico (55%), não houve associação significativa entre a altura percentual do CG, as variáveis antropométricas e o NQ.

Older adults present changes in energy metabolism that result in an increase of body fat and a decrease of muscle mass and height, leading to alterations in the position of the center of gravity (CG) and consequent falls. The objective of the present study was to compare the percent CG height and the number of falls (NF) over the last 12 months between active and sedentary older adults and to correlate them with anthropometric variables (body weight, height and BMI). The sample consisted of 102 men and women ranging in age from 60 to 84 years,including 64 active and 38 sedentary subjects. Anthropometric variables, NF, level of physical activity of sedentary subjects, and percent CG height were evaluated and the mean and standard deviation were calculated. Correlations between variables were estimated using Pearson?scorrelation coefficient. The percent CG height was 57.54 ± 2.57% in active subjects and 57.47 ± 1.94% in sedentary subjects. No significant correlations were observed between percent CG height and anthropometric variables or NF in either group. In conclusion, older adults present a CG above the physiological value (55%). No significant association was observed between percent CG height, anthropometric variables and NF.

Equilíbrio e retração muscular em jovens estudantes usuárias de calçado de salto alto / Equilibrium and muscle retraction in young female students users of high-heeled shoes

Verifica-se precocidade na utilização de calçado de salto alto, mas não há muitos estudos identificando suas conseqüências. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar alterações de equilíbrio e eventual retração muscular em estudantes universitárias habituadas a utilizar salto alto diariamente. Foram avaliadas 30 jovens (média de 20 anos de idade) que anotaram, durante duas semanas, o tempo diário em que permaneciam com o calçado. Foram avaliadas quanto a desvios posturais, quanto às retrações musculares da cadeia posterior, pelo teste de alcance horizontal, e quanto ao equilíbrio, pelo teste de Romberg. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. A média de estatura foi 1,63 m e a de massa corporal, 58,5 kg. O tempo médio de uso dos sapatos de salto alto foi de 34 h por semana. Ao relacionar o alcance horizontal com o tempo semanal de uso do salto alto, verificou-se forte correlação negativa (r=-0,8692; p<0,0001). Não houve correlação entre o alcance horizontal e o tempo de uso de salto alto em anos. O teste de 17 das 30 voluntárias foi positivo para perda de equilíbrio quando descalças, de olhos fechados. A correlação foi negativa com o tempo de uso semanal de salto alto (r=-0,4178; p=0,0216). Foi encontrada correlação positiva moderada entre o alcance horizontal e o tempo de equilíbrio (r=0,6078; p<0,0004). Conclui-se que o uso de calçado de salto alto por mais de 4 horas diárias pode promover alterações de equilíbrio em mulheres jovens, além de retração muscular...

Precocity has been noticed in the use of high-heeled shoes. However, there are not many studies on its consequences. The aim of this work was to search for equilibrium alterations in young women used to daily wearing high-heeled shoes. Thirty female undergraduates (mean aged 20 years old) were asked to write down, for two weeks, the number of hours per day they remained with the shoes on. They were then assessed as to posture deviations, as to muscle retractions of the posterior chain by means of the sit and reach test, and as to equilibrium by the Romberg test. Results were statistically analysed. Mean volunteers’ height was 1.63m and mean body mass, 58.5 kg. A negative, strong correlation (r=-0.8692;p<0.0001) was noticed between reach range and weekly time (in hours) of highheeled shoe wearing. No correlation was found between reach range and time of high-heel use in years. Seventeen out of the 30 volunteers presented positive test for loss of equilibrium when barefoot with closed eyes. A weak, negative correlation (r=-0.4178; p=0.0216) was found between loss of equilibrium and weekly time of high-heel use. A positive moderate correlation was found between reach range and time of equilibrium (r=0.6078; p<0.0004). The use of high-heeled shoes for more than four hours per day can hence be said to cause equilibrium changes and...

Odontoma composto diagnosticado como achado radiográfico em exame interproximal: relato de caso / Compound odontoma as an incidental finding in finding in bitewing radiographic examination: a case report

O odontoma é o tumor odontogênico mais comum, sendo considerado atualmente mais um hamartoma de crescimento do que propriamente uma neoplasia. Geralmente os odontomas não provocam sintomatologia, de forma que são achados radiográficos comuns principalmente nas duas primeiras décadas de vida. A etiologia dessa patologia é desconhecida, no entanto está freqüentemente associada a dentes inclusos e a dentes supranumerários. Os odontomas são divididos em compostos e complexos; os compostos ocorrem com maior freqüência na região anterior da maxila, enquanto que os complexos são encontrados em ambos maxilares, principalmente na região de molares. Os autores relatam um caso cujo achado radiográfico é de um odontoma composto, abordando os principais aspectos desta patologia bem como o tratamento proposto

Qualidade de vida em pacientes após infarto agudo do miocárdio / Quality of life after acute myocardial infarction

O aumento de sobreviventes após infarto agudo do miocárdio tem levado a uma perocupação crescente com a avaliação da qualidade de vida nesses pacientes. Este trabalho visa a avaliar a qualidade de vida após infarto agudo do miocárdio e a correlacionar esses índices ao tempo decorrido após o infarto agudo do miocárdio à presença de fatores de risco para a doença aterosclerótica coronariana, à parede infartada e ao tratamento empregado. A mensuração foi feita por meio do questionário MacNew-QLMI, um instrumento específico da qualidade de vida para infarto agudo do miocárdio. A análise estastística foi realizada por meio de testes não-paramétricos. Foram estudados 58 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 28 e 65 anos, entre 1 e 15 meses após indarto agudo do miocárdio. Os resultados demonstrram: a) não haver correlação entre o tempo após infarto agudo do miocárdio e qualidade de vida, b) não haver diferença entre a qualidade de vida e a parede miocárdica infartada ou o tratamento empregado, c) que a presença de dislipidemia foi o único fator de risco que se correlacionou significativamente com piores escores de qualidade de vida,...